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Vol.6 No.4 – 7: Biochemical screening of low energy Infrared laser beam irradiation effect on the liver and kidney function in male albino mice

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DOI: 10.21608/jbaar.2020.134935

By: Moustafa Hussein Moustafa

Biophysics Department, Medical research institute, Alexandria University Egypt

Abstract

Herein we conduct biochemical screening of the low energy Infrared laser beam effect (frequency: 3 and 7 kHz) on the liver and kidney of male albino mice as complementary investigation effect therapeutic ultrasound. The histopathological examination of organ tissues revealed a homogenous normal structure. Hematological investigation of complete blood count (CBC) was carried out and platelet count showed a significant (p<0.05) decline in irradiated sample tissues relative to control. Tissue-specific blood enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), serum creatinine, and blood urea) were still around normal levels. The rate of oxidative stress in blood as glutathione reductase (GR), and total antioxidant capacity (TCA) were estimated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation indicator was determined as well.  Conclusively, we may conclude that low energy I.R. laser has no aberrant harmful effect on the liver and kidney of male albino mice under the current experimental conditions.

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” title=”Biochemical screening of low energy Infrared laser beam irradiation effect on the liver and kidney function in male albino mice-converted”]

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Vol.6 No.4 – 2: Protective effect of omega-3 on Doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

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By: 1Farozia I. Moussa, 1Horeya S. Abd El-Gawad, 1Salwa S. Mahmoud, 2Faiza A. Mahboub, and 1Saliha G.Abdelseyd

1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt

2Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antineoplastic anthracycline used to treat various forms of cancer. Although DOX is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, it has been documented to cause oxidative damage in several body organs. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of omega-3 against doxorubicin-induced hepatic toxicity in adult male rats. Animals were divided into four groups. The first group was orally administered with 0.5ml corn oil and served as a control group. The second group was treated with omega-3 fatty acid (400mg/kg b.w) daily for 30 days. The third group was injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of DOX (30mg/kg b.w). Animals in the fourth group were treated with omega-3 at the same dose level as those of group 2 followed by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of DOX as in the third group. Injecting animals with DOX induces various histological changes in the liver. These changes include congestion and dilatation of blood vessels, leucocytic infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, degenerated hepatocytes, and pyknotic nuclei. Moreover, DOX caused a significant elevation in serum ALT, AST, LDH, lipid profile, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and globulin after 4 weeks of treatment. It also caused an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and depletion of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione reduced (GSH). Treating animals with omega 3 fatty acids in combination with DOX led to an improvement in the histological and biochemical changes induced by DOX together with a significant decrease in the level of MDA and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The results of the present work indicated that omega-3 fatty acid had a protective effect against liver damage induced by Doxorubicin and this is due to its antioxidant activities.

Protective-effect-of-omega-3-on-Doxorubicin-induced-hepatotoxicity-converted

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Vol.4 No.1 – 2 : Moringa oleifera leaf Extract: A Potent Ameliorator of Cyclophosphamide Induced liver Toxicity in Rat Model

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By :  Ahmed Abdulzahra Habeeb

Abstract

Moringa oleifera leaf is a pharmacologically active with documented antioxidant activity. In the current study protective effect of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) was investigated in rats against cyclophosphamide (CYP) induced liver injuries. Twenty eight Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups, as follows: 1) control group – received vehicle used for MLE and CYP for 14 days; 2) MLE group – rats were administered orally at a dose 200.0 mg kg -1 b.wt. for 14 consecutive days; 3) CYP group – cyclophosphamide at a dose of 150 mg/kg was given through i.p. to rats as a single dose at day 7; 4) MLE + CYP group – MLE was given for 14 days  plus a single dose of CYP was given on hour after MLE administration. Catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), the level of lipid peroxidation thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), DNA and RNA concentration were analyzed in liver tissue. In addition, serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) values were evaluated. AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, triglycerides and total cholesterol in serum were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in CYP group, compared to control group, while protein and albumin were decreased. Compared with the control group, significantly high levels of liver TBARS and the low antioxidant defenses, like free radical scavenging enzyme viz., catalase activity as well as GSH concentration in CYP-treated group. In rats supplemented with MLE as well as treated with CYP, hepatic specific marker enzymes were restored to normalcy which otherwise was lowered in the CYP-treated rats. In conclusion, MLE exhibited antioxidant activity by the presence of free radical quenching constituents.

vol4 No1-2 Ahmed Habib

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Vol.4 No.1 – 1 : Histological and histochemical changes in liver of gamma-irradiated rats and the possible protective role of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA)

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By : Hemmat Mansour Abdelhafez and Heba Ahmed Mohamed Kandeal

Abstract

Exposure to ionizing radiation represents a genuine increasing threat to mankind and our environment. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) is a blue-green microalgal species which has antioxidant properties. The Aim of the work: this study aimed to elucidate the possible radioprotective effect of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) on liver of irradiated adult male rats using biochemical parameters, histopathology and quantitative histochemistry. Matrerial and methods: the current experiment was carried out on 48 adult male albino rats (Rattus rattus). Rats were randomly and equally categorized into four groups: 1) Group C: control rats left without treatment; 2) Group R: rats were exposed to 4Gy of gamma-radiation as a single dose; 3) Group AFA: rats were treated orally with 94.5mg/kg body weight/ day AFA for 3 weeks and 4) Group AFA+R: rats were administrated AFA for a period of one week before and three weeks after irradiation. The experimental rats were sacrificed after 5 and 21 days post-irradiation. Results: exposed to gamma radiation showed many biochemical changes which included a significant increase in serum ALAT, ASAT ,ALP activities and MDA in the liver tissues . Many histopathological and histochemical changes were observed in the liver tissue, such as corrugated and ruptured endothelial lining of the central vein which contained hemolysed blood cells, numerous vacuolated hepatocytes with increased signs of karyolysis and pyknosis in nuclei of hepatocytes, highly dilated and congested hepatic portal vein, numerous hemorrhagic areas and distorted bile ducts. Highly increased collagen fibers were also observed after gamma irradiation in the liver tissue. In addition, irradiated group induced a significant increase in amyloid β-protein, while a significant decrease in PAS+ve materials, total protein  and total DNA content was detected. Supplementation with AFA showed a trend toward lowering incidence of hepatic histopathological and histochemical changes induced by γ-radiation.

Conclusion: according to the results obtained in the current study using Aphanizomenon flos- aquae as a natural agent showed a strong radioprotective role.

Microsoft Word - hemmat research+heba - Copy _Repaired جديد_

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Vol3 No.1 -4 : Silymarin extract modulates toxicity, injury, oxidative stress and PCNA alternations induced by tramadol in rat liver

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By : Nadhom Abd Khalaf

Abstract

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of silymarin supplementation on Tramadol induce injury, oxidative stress and PCNA expression alterations on liver in rats. For this purpose 40 male albino rats were divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks (group 1 was control, group 2 was silymarin, group 3 was Tramadol and group 4 was Tramadol plus silymarin). The obtained results revealed that; serum GPT, GOT, ALP, GGT activities and MDA levels in liver tissues were significantly increase in rats treated with Tramadol as compared to control group while, total protein, albumin, globulin levels in serum, GSH, SOD and catalase levels in liver tissues levels were significantly decrease in Tramadol group when compared with control rats. Liver sections in rats treated with Tramadol exhibited mild positive reactions were detected for PCNA-ir, marked dilation or congestion in central veins, marked cellular infiltrations, atrophied and vacuolated hepatocytes. Treated rats with Tramadol plus silymarin succeeded to modulate these observed abnormalities resulting from Tramadol as indicated by the reduction of enzymes activity and the pronounced improvement of the investigated biochemical, antioxidant parameters, oxidative stress, hepatic injury and PCNA alterations. Further studies are needed to investigate the impacts of tramadol on human health.

2017 JBSAR

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Vol.2 No.12 -6 : Effect of fast neutrons-irradiated diets on liver structure and function of male albino rats

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By : Samir A. Nassar , Mahmoud R. Mahmoud , Magda S. Hanafy and Hagar A. Khalaf

Abstract

Presently, there is a growing need for the technology of food irradiation since it provides an effective process in food preservation and quality improvement . Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the effects of fast neutron- irradiated wheat grains on the structure and function of the liver of albino rats. . Rats were categorized into two main groups (G1 & G2 ) ,40 animals for each. Each group was subdivided equally to four subgroups ( A,B,C&D for G1 and AA,BB,CC&DD for G2). A and AA served as control animals for G1 and G2 respectively and given non-irradiated diets ,while B,C&D were given irradiated diets at three different fluencies of fast neutrons;4.3×105 ,2.0×106 and 1.4×107 n/Cm2 respectively .But ,BB,CC and DD were given a diet of irradiated wheat of the second generation ( harvested from cultivation of the irradiated grains of the first generation ) at the same previous fluencies. Serum albumin and total protein, biochemical markers of liver function ( ALP, ALT and AST ) and the histopathological alterations of liver would be tested. Rresults of the present work highlight the detectable effect of irradiated wheat grains by the moderate ( 106 ) and the highest ( 107 ) fluencies of fast neutrons on albumin and total protein concentrations ( as indices of liver synthetic capacity). However the lowest (105) fluency exerted no detectable effect. The application of feeding with grains of the 2nd. generation on G2 experimental subgroups ( BB, CC & DD ) recorded a slight increase did not approaching a significant value ( p > 0.05 ) concerning albumin and total protein levels, in all treated animals Concerning the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) and transaminases ( ALT & AST ) , they recorded minor fluctuations between the positive and negative range in the exposed animals of both groups ( G1 & G2) as compared to controls . But , these little differences did not approaching a significant record except for ALP inBB subgroup of G2 . On histopathological examination of liver tissue , sporadic spontaneous lesions , known to occur in rats , were the only findings , with no specific relation to the studied stress factor .Therefore , it can be concluded that fast neutron-irradiated diets does not cause changes of any toxicological significance in experimental animals , at the conditions of the current experiment , in spite of minor changes in biochemical parameters . But , it is necessary to demonstrate the safety of radiationprocessed food in case of human consumption.

6. Effect of fast neutrons-irradiated diets on liver structure and function of male albino rats

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Vol.2 No.12 -5 : Effect of chitosan nanoparticles on haloperidol drug-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats Light and Electron Microscopic study.

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By : Sahar A. Sabry , Samia M. Sakr and Hassan M. Ibrahim

Abstract

Haloperidol (HP) is a widely used neuroleptic drug for the treatment of acute and chronic psychosis. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of haloperidol on the liver of rats and the possible preventive effect of chitosan nanoparticle. Thirty two adult male rats were used in the present study. They were allocated into four groups. The first group served as control and was injected i.p. with 1mg/kg saline solution. The second group, each rat received a single (i.p.) injection of (2 mg/kg b.wt.) chitosan nanoparticles, each animal of third group given 0.3mg/ml/kg haloperidol while in the fourth group each rat received 0.3 mg/ml/kg haloperidol carried on nanoparticles daily for 21 days. Histological examination of liver sections of haloperidol- treated rats revealed destruction of the normal pattern of the hepatic lobules. The hepatic cells appeared with fatty degeneration and vacuolation of hepatocytes. The nuclei of hepatocytes exhibited noticeable signs of deterioration; pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis. Congestion of blood vessels was also detected and the portal areas were invaded by inflammatory lymphocytes. On the other hand, the liver sections of rats treated with haloperidol carried on nanoparticles showed minimizing the toxic effects of haloperidol alone. Electron microscopic investigation of hepatocytes of haloperidoltreated rats revealed conspicuous alterations, represented by aggregation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in clumps and the mitochondria underwent swelling with obvious condensation of their matrices by materials that displayed high electron density and some of them lost their cristae. In conclusion: this study showed that when haloperidol carried on nanoparticles it decreased the destructive progress of haloperidol on the liver of rats.

5_Effect_of_chitosan_nanoparticles_on_haloperidol_drug-induced_hepatotoxicity_in_albino_rats_Light_and_Electron_Microscopic_study

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Vol.2 No.11 -4 : Physiological perturbations in gills and liver of Siganus canaliculatus as potential biomarkers of hydrocarbons pollution in Arabian Gulf of Saudi Arabia.

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By : Ahmed Mokhtar Abu El-Saad

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the state of health of gills and liver tissues of Rabbitfish, Siganus canaliculatus, inhabiting three different coastal localities in the Saudi coast of the Arabian Gulf, namely Al-Dammam, Dareen and Maniefa, with varying degrees of pollution affected by anthropogenic inputs including fractionated hydrocarbons. Al-Dammam coast was the less impacted site, and thus considered as a reference location. High concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in sediments and tissues at sites with anthropogenic activities (Dareen and Maniefa). Also, biochemical indicators were used to assess the impact of different levels of environmental pollution in gills and liver of the fish. The biomarkers: glycogen, total lipid, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione were found to be significantly lower in tissues of Rabbitfish caught from polluted locations compared to the reference values. However, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, catalase, glutathione-s-transferase and lipid peroxidation displayed significantly higher levels in the Rabbitfish caught from polluted locations. Overall, our results highlight the importance of estimating a set of related biomarkers to gain a preferable comprehend of protective mechanisms activated under a given environmental situation. It can be concluded that marine contamination can affect the antioxidant defense status of the gills and liver of studied fish. This has led to the suggestion that the marine Rabbitfish S. canaliculatus could be considered as a good bioindicator of environmental contamination by aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

4-Physiological-perturbations-in-gills-and-liver-of-Siganus-canaliculatus-as-potential-biomarkers-of-hydrocarbons-pollution-in-Arabian-Gulf-of-Saudi-Arabia

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Vol.2 No.11 -2 : Efficacy of saffron extract and fenugreek seeds supplementation on liver of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

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By : Doaa A. Ali , Hanaa Serag , Ahmed Abdeen and Radwa Refaat

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the possible hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects of saffron extract (100mg/kg b.wt) and fenugreek supplementation (1.4 g/day/kg b.wt) in STZ- induced diabetic rats at biochemical, histological, histochemical and ultrastructural levels. The results indicated that a single dose of STZ (50 mg /kg b wt, i.p) caused a significant increase in serum and liver total lipids, total cholesterol and triglyceride as well as serum low density and a very low density lipoprotein, accompanied by an increase in serum glucose level and oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide level as well as serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities. The results also reported a significant decrease in the high density lipoprotein, serum and liver total protein, serum albumin and globulin contents and A/G ratio, as well as a significant decrease in serum insulin level and the liver enzyme activities and the hepatic glutathione content. Histologically, STZ treated group showed degenerative changes in the pancreas and alteration in the structural integrity of the hepatocytes and their intracellular organelles. Histochemically, liver sections of STZ treated animals displayed marked decrease in the glycogen and total protein contents. On the other hand, the intake of saffron or fenugreek minimize the disturbance observed in the most tested parameters resulted from STZ administration and improve the liver structure and functions. Finally, it can be concluded that the intake of natural product such as saffron or fenugreek may be effective in reducing the diabetic liver injury induced by streptozotocin and the fenugreek supplementation showed more amelioration than saffron extract.

2-Efficacy-of-saffron-extract-and-fenugreek-seeds-supplementation-on-liver-of-streptozotocin-induced-diabetic-rats

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Vol.2 No.10 -5 : Modulation of boldenone induced hepatic and renal toxicity by Moringa oleiferaas in albino rats.

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By :

Abstract

Boldenone is an anabolic androgenic steroid and synthetic derivative of testosterone that was originally developed for veterinary use. Its use is very spread on veterinary medicine because its ability to increase protein synthesis. The aim of this study is to show the toxic effect in liver and kidney caused after the intramuscular injection of boldenone and focus on the role of Moringa oleifera as co-trateated substance in improving hepatic and renal toxicity of boldenone. 40 adult rats were equally divided into four main groups. Group A injected intramuscularly with olive oil, group B treated only with Moringa oleifera 200 mg/Kg body weight, group C injected with boldenone undecylenate only once every three weeks, and co-treated group D which received both intramuscular boldenone undecylenate once every three weeks beside intragastrically dose of of Moringa leaf extract twic-=0lie/week. The results showed that all the animals in the control groups (A and B) appeared healthy till the end of the experiment. The groups treated with boldenone showed a significant elevation in the levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, urea, and creatinine compared to the control group. While the oxidative stress in the groups treated with boldenone showed a significant increase in the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total protein, and total thiol and marked reduction in the level of Glutathione (GSH), Catalase activity (CAT), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). On the other hand the groups treated with Moringa olifera showed a marked reduction in the level of ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, MDA, and NO. While the level of GSH, CAT, and SOD showed a significant increase comparing with the control group. These results explain the side effect of boldenone undecylenate on the liver and kidney which may cause hepatic and renal diseases and also the role of Moringa olifera in improving these results.

5_Modulation_of_boldenone_induced_hepatic_and_renal_toxicity_by_Moringa_oleiferaas_in_albino_rats_

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