Vol.2 No.07 -2 : Effect of feeding Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) on Mulberry treated with Bio and Inorganic Fertilizer on Antennal Sensilla.

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By : Gaaboub, I*. A.; Amira M. El-Shewy * and Magda A, Salem**

Abstract

The present work was directed to study the effect of bio and inorganic fertilizer treatments on the ultra structure antennae of female and male silkworm (Bombyx mori L.), as a trail to understand the effect of the type of fertilization on mulberry trees and silkworm antennal sensilla. The sensory organs on the antennae were visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the surface of the antenna is covered with scales overlapped together and is provided with sense sensilla that found on the ventral and lateral surface of the antenna. On the silkmoth antennae, six different types of sensilla have been identified: Olfactory sensilla trichodea, s. basiconica, s. coeloconica, putative gustatory s. chaetica that are multimodal receptors, s. styloconica, that are thought to be thermo- and hygroreceptors and the mechano-sensory sensilla (squamiformia). Silkworm (B. mori) is a monophagous insect that drives almost all required nutrients for its growth and development from mulberry leaf. Mulberry trees were treated with bio fertilizes, chemical fertilizers and the mixture of them through the addition in soil. The results of chemical fertilizer, bio-fertilizer and its mixture increased the growth, development, health, feed consumption and larval weight, total larval duration and this reflected on the number and length of sensilla. Chemical fertilizer, bio-fertilizer and its mixture increased the size of sensilla than control. Moreover, application by bio-fertilizer resulted in better values larval weight, total larval duration and the size of sensilla. Both chemical and bio fertilizes exhibited better values for pupal weight which reflect on the size of sensilla.

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Vol.2 No.07 -3 : Biochemical and Histopatholigcal changes in Egyptian patients with Hepatitis C and Bilharziasis.

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By : 1Mahmoud Imam Nasr, 2Abd El-Moniem A. Younis Dawah, 3Alaa A. Hemeida, 4Reham M. Abd El-Azeem 1Dalia Reda Mahmoud Hassan

Abstract

Viral hepatitis and infection with Schistosma mansoni are the main causes of chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis. Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most important public health problem in Egypt. This study was done to determine the association between Schistosma and hepatitis C, by testing liver function using the following biochemical tests: Total and direct bilirubin, TB-DB, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum albumin, and liver biopsy, and make comparison between them. The results indicated that 60 % of cases HCV and Bilharzias reveal abnormal results accompanied by chronic liver disease, when compared to the 40% of normal result. All cases were subjected to routine biochemical liver function tests and serum antibodies to bilharziasis. The results showed that, ALT and AST were highly significant difference in group hepatitis C only compared with control group which showed normal results. The other liver functions such as ALP, TB and DB were high in patients with hepatitis C and Biharziasis compared with control group with statically significant difference P<0.05 . Also, the results showed histopatholigical changes (fibrosis and cirrhosis) in patients with Hepatitis C and Hepatitis C and Biharziasis after taking liver biopsy from both patients.

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Vol.2 No.07 -4 : Morphological observations, length-weight relationships, and condition factors of the Whipfin fish, Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier, 1829) in the Hurghada Red Sea, Egypt.

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By : Taher M. Abu El-Nasr

Abstract

During the period from January 2010 to December 2010, the biometric studies of 669 (both sexes- 12:39 centimeters) the whipfin, silver biddy, Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier,1829) have been described to clarify the identity of the fish population in the Hurghada Red Sea, Egypt. The straight lines of the regression equations of twenty one morphometric measurements relative to the total length or the head length indicate the linear relationships of the different body parts. Significant curvilinear relationship existed between total length and other morphometric characters and between head length and other characters of the head. Relationships between total length and various body measurements of the fish were highly significant (p < 0.01) except the relationship between total length and 2nd spine dorsal fin length of fish (p < 0.05). The Meristic characters including the number of fin rays, lateral line scales and gill rakers were found to be more or less similar except slight differences. The length-weight relationships respect to the total or the gutted weight were also investigated. It is obvious that, the value of the exponent (n=2.9475) indicates the negative allometric growth of this species. The values of condition factors (kc) in the total length body-weight relationships for female , male and combined sexes were found to be 1.49 , 1.47 and 1.51, respectively. The mean values of relative condition factors (kn) were 1.03 , 0.97 and 1.00 for female , male and combined sexes, respectively. However, relative condition factor (Kn) of Gerres filamentosus computed for July was 1.116 ± 0.24 and for January was .934 ± 0.012, which suggest the specimens were healthy and in good condition due to spawning cycle or other physiological activities or environmental factors. In searching of new potential aquaculture marine species, Gerres filamentosus may play role for enhancement of fish production as well as upliftment of socioeconomic condition in Egypt.

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Vol.2 No.07 -5 : Melatonin counteracts age-related progression of oxidative stress in young Down syndrome patients.

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By : Mohamed E. Abdraboh1*, Mohamed A. El missiry1, Azza I Othman1,Faeza A. El-Dahtory2, Nissren Khafaga1

Abstract

Melatonin (MLT) is a pineal gland hormone known for its potent antioxidant effect associated with neural protection. The presence of three copies of the SOD gene is considered to be the main cause of oxidative stress-dependent neural degeneration and dementia that Down syndrome (DS) patients may suffer from. In this study we aim to assess a possible protective effect of MLTagainst the age-related progression of oxidative stress-induced damage in lymphocytes of DS patients. Lymphocytes from infants with DS were treated with mitomycin C (an H2O2 promoter) in order to mimic the oxidative stress status of aged patients in presence and absence of MLT. The data indicated a significant effect of MLT in downregulating the levels of the oxidative radicalsH2O2 and NO compared to untreated DS patients’ lymphocytes. This downregulation was accompanied by a profound effect of MLT in reducing the number of oxidative stress-dependent damaged chromosomes, along with a reduction in cell apoptosis and DNA protection in the p53 dependent pathway. These observations suggest that early administration of exogenous MLT in young DS patients may help in gaining control over growth-related progression of mental retardation, or at least delaying the onset of DS-related pathological complications.

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Vol.2 No.07 -6 : The Fecundity of the whipfin silver-biddy fish, Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier, 1829) In The Hurghada Red Sea, Egypt.

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By : Taher M.Abu El-Nasr

Abstract

Fecundity estimates were made on a total of 92 mature fish of whipfin Silver-biddy, Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier, 1829) of different lengths and weights, collected during the early June of 2010 to October 2010. Log-Log relationships were calculated between fecundity (either absolute or relative) and fish length, fish weight, ovary length and ovary weight. A linear relationship exists between the individual absolute fecundity and fish length or ovary weight. It was found that, absolute fecundity increased at a rate proportional to the power of 4.31115, 1.41549, 1.89836 and 1.122 of the total length, the body weight, the ovary length and the ovary weight, respectively. While the regression coefficients of the relative fecundity estimations for the total length, the body weight, the ovary length and the ovary weight were 3.31115, 0.41549, 0.89836 and 0.0.122, respectively. The observations of the present study showed that fecundity, either absolute or relative, depended mainly on body length and to a lesser extent on body weight, and ovary length. Therefore, fish length is the best expression for fish fecundity and can be used for the prediction of Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier, 1829) production in the Hurghada Red Sea, Egypt.

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Vol.2 No.07 -7 : Neurobehavioral disorders in a group of children suffering from idiopathic epilepsy.

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By : *Shewikar El Bakry;**Soha Abdel Hady Ibrahim ; Hasnaa Abdelrhman Abdallah

Abstract

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in which the normal activity of the brain cells is sometimes disturbed this can result in strange sensation, emotions and behaviors. The aim of the work is to study neurobehavioral changes that occur in group of children suffering from idiopathic epilepsy. This retrospective study included 80 children and adolescents, 50 of them with age range 2-6 years (28 males and 22 females, age 42.32±10.949 months) and 30 with age range 6-18 years (17 males and 13 females, age 9.57±2.369 years), enrolled from outpatient clinic of pediatric psychiatry& neurology Benha University Hospital.All patients were subjected to a complete history taking with stress on age of onset, duration of attack, character of

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Vol.2 No.07 -8 : Ameliorative potential of β-1,3-D-Glucan on acrylamide-induced cytogenetic alterations in mice.

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By : Mohamed A. Ismail

Abstract

Acrylamide (AA) is formed in food during heat preparation (frying and baking), causing DNA toxicity. So, the aim of this study is applied β-1,3-D-Glucan (BDG) as a natural polysaccharide ameliorative to reduce the DNA hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity of bone-marrow chromosomes in male mice by using three parameters: alkaline comet assay, cytochemical DNA and cytogenetical protocols. The AA-oral fed mice are classified into three groups, the first received low dose and the second intake the double fashion of AA in alone or concomitant with BDG for 30 days, besides the fourth group of controls. The study observed that AA induced both numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations in a significant increase (p<0.05 or p<0.0001) in a dose-dependent relationship. The cytochemical study on DNA exhibited that the AA-treated hepatocyte nuclei, showed strong stainability with condensed DNA inclusions and releasing outside their nuclear envelops. Under the comet assay conditions, AA-treated hepatocytes revealed a distinct comet tail electrophoretic migration of DNA fragments that resulted from AA-induced DNA strand breaks. The study also observed similarity configurations of AA-DNA fragmented damage between the findings of cytochemical DNA and comet assays in hepatocytes, and reinforced with the stretching and pulverized chromosome aberrations. But, after enhancing with BDG, the most implications of AA were inclined into mitigation as detected by microscopical and by 3D-comet image analysis, to indicate the potential alleviation role of BDG on AA-induced DNA alterations in hepatocytes and chromosomes of mice.

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Vol.2 No.07 -9 : Molecular and cytochemical comparative assessment between the two food additives,sunset yellow and curcumin-induce testicular toxicity in mice.

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By : Mohamed A. Ismail

Abstract

The present work was planned to study the effects of E110 (sunset yellow) as a common synthetic in Egypt and E110 (curcumin) as a natural food-drug colorants on the testis of the male mouse. The plan of work was designed to cover six parameters: histopathological, cytochemical (involving DNA and total proteins), testis weight, sperm parameters (i.e., sperm abnormalities and sperm motility), and measuring testosterone levels in blood sera. The mice were divided into three groups, ten per each. The first group remained as controls, whilst the second orally given sunset yellow-E110 (30 mg/kg b.wt/day) as SY-group and the third one E100 ‘CU-group’ also gavage 37 mg/kg b.wt., both fed on their acceptable daily intake (ADI) dosages for 60 days. The results detected that SY revealed distinct alterations in the desired parameters, particularly histological changes in structure of seminiferous tubules such as vacuolation, necrosis and multinucleate cells. Whilst, the cytochemical DNA and proteinic profiles of the SY-treatment mice exhibited severe damage in the DNA and total protein configurations. However, such deteriorations in the spermatogenic epithelia were also approved with changes in the other criteria after administration with E110. From such alterations, the E110 recorded a highly significant increase (P< 0.0001) in the abnormalities of sperm morphology and motility. Moreover, the testosterone levels in sera of male mice indicated the significant differences among groups. The molecular protocol manifested SY (E110) - induced DNA polymorphic changes in confrontation with control by primer OPC07, whilst CU (E100) kept on the control pattern. In conclusion, the present study explored the possibility of using the applied six parameters to assessment and differentiate between the two food flavours indicating that E100 (CU) is more biosafe than the synthetic additive E110 (SY).

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Vol.2 No.07 -10 : A study on the possible role of date fruit on the electrophysiology and neuropathic changes in diabetic polyneuropathy.

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By : Mohamed Bendary1 and Basma M.H.Zawawi2

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with many neurovascular complications particularly diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) that is mostly developed secondary to much release of reactive oxygen species (ROS, the potential mediators of DM-induced oxidative stress). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the possible neuroprotective role of Date Fruit Extract (DFE), an antioxidant nutrient, in ameliorating the DPN in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty adult male rats were used in this study. They were divided into 4 equal groups. Group I (Control group). Group II (DEF group), supplemented orally with 250mg/kg DFE daily for 6 weeks, Group III (Diabetic group): The rats were rendered diabetic through their injection with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally and Group IV (Diabetic-DFE group). At the end of 6 weeks-experimental period; fasting serum glucose, serum insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1ic), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) (as an index of inflammation), glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPX) (as an index of the tissue antioxidant enzyme defense activity) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (a tissue marker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation) were measured. In addition, to ensure the development of DPN in the rats, the thermal pain threshold of the rats was assessed through a paw withdrawal latency (PWL) using the hot plate analgesia meter. In addition, Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) of the isolated sciatic nerves of the rats was assessed. The results revealed that the untreated diabetic group exhibited a significant increase of the serum glucose, Hb A1ic, serum MDA and serum TNF- together with a significant decrease of serum insulin and
GPX. In addition, the PWL and NCV were significantly lower in the diabetic rats relative to the control group. Interestingly, when the diabetic rats were supplemented with DEF, a significant improvement of all the altered parameters was obtained. In conclusion, DEF has a beneficial effect in ameliorating the altered biochemical parameters and NCV in experimentally-induced DPN, probably through its antioxidant and its anti-inflammatory effects.

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