Vol3 No.1 -4 : Silymarin extract modulates toxicity, injury, oxidative stress and PCNA alternations induced by tramadol in rat liver

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By : Nadhom Abd Khalaf

Abstract

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of silymarin supplementation on Tramadol induce injury, oxidative stress and PCNA expression alterations on liver in rats. For this purpose 40 male albino rats were divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks (group 1 was control, group 2 was silymarin, group 3 was Tramadol and group 4 was Tramadol plus silymarin). The obtained results revealed that; serum GPT, GOT, ALP, GGT activities and MDA levels in liver tissues were significantly increase in rats treated with Tramadol as compared to control group while, total protein, albumin, globulin levels in serum, GSH, SOD and catalase levels in liver tissues levels were significantly decrease in Tramadol group when compared with control rats. Liver sections in rats treated with Tramadol exhibited mild positive reactions were detected for PCNA-ir, marked dilation or congestion in central veins, marked cellular infiltrations, atrophied and vacuolated hepatocytes. Treated rats with Tramadol plus silymarin succeeded to modulate these observed abnormalities resulting from Tramadol as indicated by the reduction of enzymes activity and the pronounced improvement of the investigated biochemical, antioxidant parameters, oxidative stress, hepatic injury and PCNA alterations. Further studies are needed to investigate the impacts of tramadol on human health.

2017 JBSAR

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Vol3 No.1 -3 :Effect of Some Environmental Factors and Antifungals on Growth of Epidermophyton floccosum

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By : Talal Hussain Saleh

Abstract

Epidermophyton floccosum was isolated from infected patient with tinea unquium. The identification
based on morphological and microscopic features. The study showed that (SDA) was the best medium compared with (PDA). Optimum temperature of growth was 25ºC on (SDA) for (14) days while the temperature 37ºC showed great redaction in the growth. The optimum PH of growth was 6 on (SDA) at 25ºC for (14) days while the PH 8 showed greatly reduction in the growth. The antifungals susceptibility tests showed that Terbinafine (TER) was high active agents for inhibition of growth that other antifungal (Itraconazole). While the results showed resistant to Fluconazole.

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Vol3 No.1 -2 : Hepatitis Delta Virus among Hepatitis B Virus Infected Patients in Jordan: Where Do We Stand?

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By : ’Samer F. Swedan, 2Ziad A. Elnasser and ’Majd N. Brik Hnidi

Abstract

Infection by Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) which can only replicate in the presence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prevalence of HDV in Jordan is lacking. Blood samples were randomly obtained from 100 patients seropositive for active HBV. Sera were analyzed using highly sensitive and specific ELISA kits for the presence of specific HBV and HDV antigens and antibodies. Overall, samples were collected from 70 males and 30 females with an average age of 37.9 years and an age range of 13-62 years. The 94% of samples were from individuals older than 18 years. All samples were confirmed for the presence of active HBV infection. The 1 and 3% of the HBV infected individuals demonstrated markers of active and recovered HDV infection, respectively. These findings suggest that HBV positive individuals have a small but significant risk of acquiring HDV. We recommend the implementation of periodical testing for HDV infection among all HBV infected individuals and the administration of the HBV vaccine to unvaccinated individuals.

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Vol3 No.1 -1 : Therapeutic effectiveness of fenugreek seeds on pancreatic toxicity in young and adult male rats exposed to water nitrate pollution

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By : Azza M. El-Wakf ; Ashraf Z. Mahamoud*; Hanaa A. Hassan, Abeer E. Abdrabouh. and Marwa N. Habza

Abstract

Water nitrate pollution has been demonstrated to induce pancreatic toxicity, with increased risk of devel-oping diabetes and exocrine pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to evaluate mechanisms that lead to pan-creatic toxicity in nitrate exposed young and adult male rats, as well as the preventive effect of fenugreek seeds against these changes. Nitrate exposure of both ages showed almost identical changes, including sig-nificant reduction in serum insulin with elevation in blood glycosylated hemoglobin , serum glucose , acid phosphatase, α-amylase and pancreatic tumor marker (carcinoembryonic antigen),indicating a tendency for developing diabetes, in association with pancreatic cancer which seemed of greatest value in the young group. An elevation in pancreas levels of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, with a re-duction in the antioxidants; superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as glutathione and its metabolizing enzymes; glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase and γ- glutamyl transferase were also demonstrated. This goes with marked changes in insulin gene profile, as indicated by appearance of new band with a molecu-lar weight 275 bp and absence of three (1100, 825 and 750) bands as compared to the control of each age. Feeding fenugreek seeds powder to all nitrate exposed rats prevented changes in serum glucose, insulin, pancreatic tumor marker, oxidative stress biomarkers and insulin gene profile, indicating effectiveness of this plant to elicit cyto-protection against nitrate – induced pancreatic toxicity, probably through its antioxi-dant properties.

Vol 3 No. 1-1

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