Vol.2 No.4 -1 : Effect of experimental phenylketonuria on the development of skin of prenatel and newborn fetuses.

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By : Hassan.I.Elsayyad1, Mahmoud. E. .Mohallal2, Hany .A .Hefny3, Hala . M. Ebied4

Abstract

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that is characterized by an inability of the body to utilize the essential amino acid, phenylalanine. The disease results from a deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase, the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. The present work studied the Effect of experimental phenylketonuria on the development of skin of prenatel and newborn fetuses.The disease was induced in pregnant rats by daily intragastric administration of 30 mg. DL-a-methylphenylalanine/kg body weight plus 60 mg/kg body weight at 12 h intervals throughout pregnancy till parturition. Treatment with alpha-methylphenylalanine/phenylalanine resulted in significant decrease of accumulated body weight gain during pregnancy as well as exhibited marked growth retardation of prenatal fetuses and delivered newborn. The growth retarded fetuses was manifested by decreased body weight, malformed both fore -& hind limb, oedematous skin & superficial hematomas widely spreads in different parts of the body. Vibrissae skin hair were characterized by curved free ends as well as reduction of their size and length. Cornification was retarded . The epidermis attained a considerable thinning with delayed differentiation of epidermal cell layers.The growing hair follicles lacked normal characteristic appearance. These results suggested that exposure of the fetus to high plasma concentrations of phenylalanine caused a delay in the biochemical maturation of the fetal rat.

1. Effect of experimental phenylketonuria on the development of skin of prenatel and newborn fetuses.

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Vol.2 No.4 -2 : Pre-eclampsia – An excessive maternal immune response in Egyption wommen.

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By : Maha G. Soliman 1, Mervat Abd El Alim1, Abd El-Hady A. Zayed2 Ayaa A.Shoaip1

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a stressful condition in which many physiological and metabolic functions are altered to a considerable extent.Although pre eclampsia causes high maternal /fetal morbidity, the etiology of this multisystem disorder is still unknown. We have detected the cytokine levels inpreeclamptic women compared to normotensive pregnant and non-pregnant women.This study aimed to understand immunological network , and physiological parameters for the pathogeneses of preeclampsia.Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα ) and interleukin 10(IL-10 )were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . C reactive protein (CRP) was evaluated as inflammatory marker in preeclampsia.Our findings demonstrated that pre eclamptic state is associated with high levels of pro inflammatory cytokine TNFα (p < 0.05) and C.R.P. By contrast, normotensive pregnancy evolved high levels of regulatory cytokine Il-10 .The present study supports the hypothesis of altered immune response in preeclampsia.

2. Pre-eclampsia - An excessive maternal immune response in Egyption wommen.

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Vol.2 No.4 -3 : Effect of garlic on toluene-induced biochemical and histopathological effects in albino rats.

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By : Zuhair Y. A1-Sahhaf1, Osama M. Sarhan1,2

Abstract

The present study aims to study the effect of garlic extract on toluene inhalation at very low dose, induced hematological, biochemical and histological alterations in liver of albino rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups.Group 1 (G1) served ascontrols,G2 given garlic aqueous extract,G3 inhaled toluene vapor and G4 given garlic plusinhalation of toluene vapor. Animals were sacrificed after 2and 4weeks of treatment. The results showed that exposing animals to toluene induced significant decrease in red blood cell count (RBCs),hemoglobin (HGB),and blood platelets (PLT).On the other hand, the hematocrit percentage (HCT) and white blood cells(WBCs) count increased. Moreover, transaminases(ALT and AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were increased in the sera of treated animals.Histological examination of liver of treated rats showed leukocytic infiltrations, congestion of blood vessels,cytoplasmic vacuolations of hepatocytes and fatty degeneration.Treated kidney in rats of G3 showed glomerular tufts congestion; renal space narrowing and epithelia of some renal tubules were degenerated with hemorrhage between them. To some extent, an improvement was observed in the kidney of the recovery group. Treating animals with garlic plus toluene caused an improvement in the biochemical and histological alterations in albino rats.It could be concluded that the protective effect of garlic may be attributed to the presence of organosulfur compounds which have antioxidant and detoxifying properties.

3. Effect of garlic on toluene-induced biochemical and histopathological effects in albino rats.

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Vol.2 No.4 -4 : Development of cytochrome-c-oxidase 1 specific primers for genetic discrimination of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758).

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By : Khaled Mohammed-Geba, Sobhy El-Sayed Hassab El-Nabi, Marwa Said El-Desoky

Abstract

The European eel Anguilla anguilla (Anguillidae, Anguilliformes) is amongst the most peculiar, economically-important fish species in the Egyptian and Mediterranean waters. Very rare studies are available about its populations in the Mediterranean. In order to investigate this issue, we designed cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene-specific primers for A. anguilla. These primers targeted the amplification of a 750 bp fragment towards the 5` extremity of COI. The primers were tested for A. anguilla elvers collected from Rachid Estuary in Egypt. They succeeded to amplify the targeted fragment. Using Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequences (FINS) analysis and BLAST comparisons, the sequences were successfully assigned to A. anguilla, with clear segregation from other Anguilla species. The primers designed and used in this study can be then suggested as successful alternatives for universal primers commonly used in European eel barcoding.

4. Development of cytochrome-c-oxidase 1 specific primers for genetic discrimination of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758).

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Vol.2 No.4 -5 : Biological and histopathological effects of cyromazine on the laevae of Culex pipiens (Diptera Culicidae).

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By : Abada A. Assar1, Magda M. Abo El-Mahasen1, Amira F.Afifi2 and Amany A. Rady2

Abstract

Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the efficacy of the chitin synthesis inhibitor (cyromazine) against all larval stages of Culex pipiens. The compound was tested its efficacy on larval mortality, larval duration, pupation, pupal duration and adult emergence. Also, the histological effects of cyromazine on the midgut, the integument, the fatbodies and the muscles of 4th larval instar treated as 1st larval instar were studied. The tested compound increased the larval mortality, decreased the percent pupation and adult emergence and prolonged the pupal duration. Also, this compound elicited histological effects on the midgut, the integument, the fat bodies and the muscles of 4th larval instar of C. pipiens treated as 1st larval instar with 0.01 and 0.1 ppm.

5. Biological and histopathological effects of cyromazine on the laevae of Culex pipiens (Diptera Culicidae).

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Vol.2 No.4 -6 : Ultrastructural study on the foot and the shell of the oyster Pinctada radiata (leach, 1814),(Bivalvia Petridae).

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By : Eman H. Radwan1*, Gaber A. Saad2,4, Sherifa Sh. Hamed3,4

Abstract

The shape and microscopic structure of the foot of the oyster were described by light and electron microscopy. The foot is wedge-shaped with vertical furrows on the surface; it is composed of an epithelial layer, a connective tissue layer and a muscular layer. The epithelial layer was composed mostly of ciliated columnar epithelia and secretory cells. The cilia and microvilli were observed on the free surface of epithelial cells. The muscle fibers were composed of thin and thick microfilaments. Thick and thin filaments in muscle cells were reported in the foot as well as lateral projections of the cytoplasm contained granules. The outer surface of the periostracum of the shell is reported to be microridge and microfringe were present as well. The simplicity of periostracum of the shell layers was observed as thin simple layer whereas the prismatic layer was the opposite. Wedge-shaped and elongated prisms were reported near the outer surface. Fine lamellae were representing the nacreous layer and were divided by laminar inclusion. Micro-fringes were considered to be helping the direction of bivalve

6. Ultrastructural study on the foot and the shell of the oyster Pinctada radiata (leach, 1814),(Bivalvia Petridae).

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