Vol.8 No.3 – 11:Interference between miR-21/PTEN/E-Cadherin and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Various Stages of Chronic HCV Infection

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By: Yasser B.M. Ali1, Mohamed G.Thabet1, Abeer M. El-Maghraby1, Asmaa Gomaa2, Omaima A. Khamiss3, Roba M. Talaat1

1Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt.

2Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Live Institute (NLI), Menufyia University, Shebeen-Elkom, Egypt

3Animal Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt

Abstract:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major complication associated with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical in HCC invasion and metastasis. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to HCV-related HCC. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between miR-21, phosphatase, tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), and E-Cadherin with a flashlight on their role in the EMT process in HCV infection at different stages. One hundred HCV-infected patients were studied, 75 had HCV-induced cirrhosis (classified into Child A, B, and C), and 25 had HCC. In parallel, 45 healthy volunteers were considered normal controls. Circulating miR-21was detected by quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT–PCR).PTEN and E-cadherin serum levels were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A significant elevation in miR-21 was observed in HCC patients compared with control ones(P˂0.01). HCC patients had the lowest E-cadherins and PTEN (P<0.01) compared with cirrhotic and normal subjects. In HCC patients, PTEN was positively correlated with E-cadherin (r= 0.501; p<0.01).  On the other hand, a negative correlation between miR-21 and both E-cadherins (r= -0.455; p<0.01) and PTEN (r= -0.255; p<0.05) was observed. Accordingly, up-regulation of miR-21 in the tumor is an important step in HCV-positive cirrhotic hepatocarcinogenesis and might result in concomitant down-regulation of PTEN and E-cadherin in favor of tumor promotion. Our data might be the first study that correlates miR-21, PTEN, and E-cadherin in different stages of HCV infection (from cirrhosis to HCC).

Interference-between-miR-21PTENE-Cadherin-and-Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition-in-Various-Stages-of-Chronic-HCV-Infection

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Vol.8 No.3 – 10:Effect of calcium hypochlorite as a source of hypochlorous acid in ameliorating cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary and cardiac injury in mice

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By: Maher M. Akla, Entsar A. Nazmyb, Omar A. El-Khoulyc*

a Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.

b Critical Care and Emergency Department, Kafr ElSheikh Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt

c Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, Egypt

Abstract:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is recognized to be accompanied by severe lung and heart complications. This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of Calcium hypochlorite in cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced pulmonary and cardiac injury in mice. The CP-induced toxicity in the lung and heart is like that caused by ARDS. Calcium hypochlorite significantly attenuated doth lung and heart functionality and significantly reduced the CP-induced perivascular inflammation, congestion of blood vessels, and severe morphological changes of the alveolar wall. It also exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on CP-induced pulmonary and heart toxicity. Given these results, calcium hypochlorite successfully ameliorates ARDS symptoms rendering calcium hypochlorite to be a promising agent to be tested in models of pneumonia caused by bacterial or viral infections, including those of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Effect-of-calcium-hypochlorite-as-a-source-of-hypochlorous-acid-in-ameliorating-cyclophosphamide-induced-pulmonary-and-cardiac-injury-in-mice-1

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Vol.8 No.3 – 9:Diagnostic performances of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and type IV collagen for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients

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By: Mohamed M. Omran1,* Anhar F. Elmetwaly2, Tarek M. Emran3, Ahmed A. Eldeeb4, Arafa A. Belal2, Faten Z. Mohamed 5

1 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt

3 Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt

4Nephrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

5 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt

Abstract

 Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It’s also called diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In the United States, about 1 in 3 people with diabetes have diabetic nephropathy. This necessitates identifying better biomarkers that diagnose diabetic nephropathy. The study aimed to evaluate tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and type IV collagen as potential biomarkers for the detection of diabetic nephropathy and its progression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A total of 88 subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were classified into three ‎major groups; diabetics with DKD group (n=50), diabetics without DKD group (n=28), and healthy control group (n=10). TNFα and type IV collagen levels were measured in all subjects. The diagnostic value of single and combined TNFα and type IV collagen was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC). Results: For discrimination between diabetics with DKD from healthy individuals, the most efficient marker was TNF-α (AUC= 0.81, 70% sensitivity, and 70% specificity. For discriminant between DM patients with DKD from DM patients without DKD, the most efficient marker was type IV collagen (AUC= 0.77, 69% sensitivity, and 73% specificity. Interestingly, we developed a new index for differentiating between DM and DM-DKD based on two blood markers (TNF-α and type IV collagen). The AUC of the developed index was 0.93; 0.79 for discriminated DM with DKD from DM without DKD. The AUC of the developed index was 0.90 for discriminated early DKD from healthy individuals. Also, The AUC of the developed index was 0.83 for discrimination early from late DKD among DM patients.

 Conclusions:  TNFα and type IV collagen may be potentially useful for early detection and to discriminate diabetics with DKD from DM without DKD.

Diagnostic-performances-of-tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha-and-type-IV-collagen-for-diabetic-nephropathy-in-type-2-diabetic-patients.pdf

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Vol.8 No.3 – 8:Hematological and biochemical changes associated with water-pipe (Shisha)smoking for some volunteers in Missan province

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By: Anas, S. Abuali

Biology Department / Basic Education College / Missan University, Iraq

Abstract

    Aim of the study: Clinical and experimental studies detected that waterpipe smoking is more harmful than a cigarette with can induce oxidative stress and inflammation. The current study was performed to investigate the effect of water pipe smoking on hematological parameters and evaluation the biochemical parameters including a lipid profile, live function enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and blood glucose.

Method: The study was performed on (150) volunteers who agreed to participate in this study divided into water pipe smokers and nonsmokers aged between (20-60) years. Five (5ml) of venous blood samples were collected, each blood sample was separated into two tubes, the first tube with EDTA for hematological assessment and the second was centrifugation and the serum was stored in a -20°C freezer till handled for biochemical analysis for determining lipid profile, liver function enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and blood glucose. Complete blood picture for collecting blood samples was performed by automatic methods (System X kx-21n automated hematology analyzer; JAPAN CARE CO., LTD) including hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), Platelets and Haematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV). Biochemical tests and lipid profile analysis were performed in laboratories of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital in Amarha City according to the standard methods described in the Analysis Kits used in this study were products of Spanish Company Spinreact.

The results: The results observed that the water pipe smokers were in ages between 31-40 years with a percentage of 43%, followed by the aged 20-30 years with a percentage of 25%. Hematological analysis for the blood samples collected from water pipe smokers and non-smoking (control) observed a significant increase in RBCs, WBCs, HCT, Hb, and Plt in water pipe smokers as compared with the non-smoker group in (p<0.05). Lipid profile values observed a significant increase in the total cholesterol levels, (LDL), vLDL) and Triglyceride with a significant decrease in HDL (P>0.05) in water pipe smokers as compared with the non-smoker group. Significant increase in the levels of AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme, also the creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and blood glucose observed a significant increase in(P>0.05) as compared with non-smokers. On other hand, there was a significant decrease in total proteins in water pipe smokers.

Conclusions: Water pipe smoking caused abnormal changes in complete blood picture (CBC) and serum lipids such as the total cholesterol and Triglyceride levels. Also harmed the liver functions and kidney functions.

Hematological-and-biochemical-changes-associated-with-water-pipe-Shishasmoking-for-some-volunteers-in-Missan-province

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Vol.8 No.3 – 7:Detection of DNA damage by SCD and Rate of Apoptosis DNA by Gel Electrophoresis among infertile males

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By: Nehad Nabil Eskarous1, Sobhy El-Sayed Hassab El-Nabi1, Mohamed Ahmed Abd El Salam2, Khaled Geba1, and Sameh Fayek GamalEl Din2

1- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Menoufia University, Egypt

2- Department of Andrology, Sexology & STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

Abstract:

Background: DNA damage as Fragmentation has adverse effects on fertilization and embryo development, so it is one of the main causes of a male factor for infertility. Several techniques have been mentioned to elevation this damage. In our study, we determine DNA damage in human spermatozoa by sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) method and Apoptosis of DNA in human spermatozoa by Optical density in gel electrophoresis in male infertility. Objects and Methods: Semen samples were collected from 100 men and were analyzed by standard light microscopic according to the World Organization (5th edition) for diagnostic fertility. Furthermore, Sperm DNA damage was determined by using Halosperm Kit, then assessment apoptosis by optical density in Gel Electrophoresis. Results: The mean value of DNA by SCD method in infertile males increased with a value of 47.95±10.96 %   when compared with the control value of 21.2 ±2.64 % with (p< 0.00001). On the other hand, the mean value of DNA by measurement of Optical density in Gel Electrophoresis in infertile males decreased with a value of 120.27±18.73 when compare with the control value of 144.4±45 with (p =0.833). Conclusion: The assessment of sperm DNA damage by SCD method and other methods for detection of DNA apoptosis by gel electrophoresis addition to routine semen analysis play important role in the diagnosis and management of male infertility. 

Detection-of-DNA-damage-by-SCD-and-Rate-of-Apoptosis-DNA-by-Gel-Electrophoresis-among-infertile-males

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Vol.8 No.3 – 6:Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus against pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrhea patients

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By: Furqan Majid Kadhum

Department of Medical Optics Techniques, Al-Farabi University College, Baghdad, IRAQ

Abstract:

Lactobacillus acidophilus represents a probiotic bacterium that may be found in the mouth, gut, and vaginal canal. Lactobacillus acidophillus may help to relieve diarrhea, bloating, and cramps caused by bacteria that may cause everything from diarrhea to life-threatening colon inflammation. Escherichia coli (hencefourth E. Coil) bacteria are found in healthy people’s intestines as natural flora. Only a very small percentage, like the E. coli O157:H7 variety, can lead to severe stomach discomfort, bloody diarrhea, and vomiting; the rest of the E. coli variety is harmless.

Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus against pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrhea patients (1)

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Vol.8 No.3 – 5: Stem cell therapy in renal diseases

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By: Khalil A. Alhalfawy 1, Bahgat A. Elfiky 2, Ahmed M. Zahran 3, Zeinab A. Kasemy 4 and Mahmoud M. Zayed 5

  1. Molecular biology – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City
  2. Animal Biotechnology – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City
  3. Internal medicine & Nephrology Faculty of medicine – Menoufia University, Egypt
  4. Public health and community medicine – Faculty of Medicine – Menoufia University, Egypt
  5. Researcher – Animal Biotechnology – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt

Abstract

Objective: to evaluate the stem cell in treating renal diseases. To evaluate the effect of stem cells on renal cell apoptosis and necroptosis. Background: The use of stem cells is the hope for all patients with end-stage renal diseases. We isolate stem cells from umbilical cord blood to treat renal diseases by using the Vero cell line as a renal cell which is treated by hydrogen peroxide as renal failure. P53, RIPK1, and EGFR genes were detected by RT PCR to show the improvement by using stem cell therapy for renal diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells are the future hope for the treatment of renal diseases associated with renal cell apoptosis and necroptosis.

Methodology: Mesenchymal CD105 Stem Cells Separation from Umbilical Cord Blood from 20 pregnant females. By forming buffy coat mononuclear leukocytes. Magnetic labeling of CD105 and Separation to stem cells. stem cell proliferation by using Dulbecco Modified Eagle medium (DMEM). After proliferation passages 1, 2, and 3 freeze cells at -20c. For one week then thawing at room temperature to make stem cell extraction. Vero cell line treated by H2O2 1.6 mm for 5 hours to reach sub-lethal. The cytotoxicity of the cell was caused by hydrogen peroxide measured by MTT assay and Spectrophotometry. The Vero cell line is divided into 4 groups group1: normal control, group 2:  sub-lethal, group 3: sub-lethal treated by stem cell extraction, and group 4: sub-lethal treated by stem cells. P53, RIPK1, and EGFR genes were detected in 4 groups by RT PCR. Results: P53, RIPK1, and EGFR levels showed a highly significant difference among studied groups with elevated levels of P53 and RIPK1 and reduced levels of EGFR in the sub-lethal renal cell group with an improvement of cells treated with mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells showed better results when compared with mesenchymal stem cell extract. Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated a good effect on renal cell line injury, apoptosis, and necroptosis.

Stem-cell-therapy-in-renal-diseases

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Vol.8 No.3 – 4: Genetic study of I kappa B alpha gene promoter polymorphism associated with hepatitis C virus in Egyptian patients

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By: Mamoun Kamal Ghazalah 1, Sameer El-Masry 1, Ibrahim Helmy2, and Ehab Abd-Elkhalek3

  1. Department of Molecular Biology, Biogenetic engineering Research Institute, Sadat City University, Egypt
  2. Department of Molecular Biology Faculty of Science, Kafr al-Sheikh University, Egypt
  3. Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Host genetic polymorphism is one of the major unalterable major factors for HCV infection, NF-κB proteins play multiple roles in immune response and involve in HCV infection and progression.

Aim of the study: To investigate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in NF-Kb and the susceptibility as well as resolution of HCV infection. Patients and Methods:  This prospective case-control study was conducted at the physical examination center on 150 Egyptian population, including 50 uninfected control cases, 50 cases with spontaneous viral clearance, and 50 cases with persistent HCV infection, they are genotyped for four SNPs (rs11820062, rs230530, rs1056890 and rs3774963) using a Taq Man assay.  Results: The current study revealed that the mutation in rs_11820062 of the I kappa B alpha gene significantly increased the risk for HCV infection with a p-value <0.05. Conclusion: This study revealed that genetic variants of the NF-κB pathway genes (rs11820062 T allele) are associated with an increased risk of HCV susceptibility.

Genetic study of I kappa B alpha gene promotor polymorphism associated with hepatitis C virus in Egyptian patients (2)

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Vol.8 No.3 – 3: Biochemical changes in Egyptian patients infected with COVID-19

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By: Ahmed M. El-Adly1*, Ahmed A. Wardany1, Mohey H. Shikhoun2

1Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 71524Assiut Branch, Egypt ahmedeladly.ast@azhar.edu.eg, ahmed_wr2000@azhar.edu.eg

2Analysis and Laboratories Department, Higher Technological Institute of Applied Health Sciences in Sohag, Ministry of Higher Education, Cairo, Egypt.; moheyshikhoun@gmail.com

Abstract

A pandemic-scale outbreak of the newly discovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), fast-spreading viral pneumonia, is currently occurring. Due to the disease’s overall vulnerability, different age groups have different clinical characteristics and test findings. The purpose of this study was to describe the COVID-19 laboratory results in various age and sex groups. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-2 RNA was used in the study, which had 1100 individuals with typical cold symptoms. It was reported that 660 of these cases tested positive for the test, while 440 tested negatives, therefore all cases underwent laboratory testing. Our research revealed that males had higher COVID-19 positivity than females (215/660; 67.4%), with males scoring 445/660; 32.6%). Age does not statistically differ between COVID-19 positive and negative cases. Hematological parameters in blood cells revealed that Lymphocytes differ significantly between COVID-19-infected and uninfected patients as these cells decline in the presence of COVID-19 infection. There are no significant differences in hemoglobin (Hgb percent), red blood cells (RBCs), total white blood cells (WBCS), basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils, as well as blood platelets (PLTS). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is unimportant, whereas COVID-19 infection increases ferritin and C-reactive proteins.

Biochemical-changes-in-Egyptian-patients-infected-with-COVID-19-1

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Vol.8 No.3 – 2:Evaluation of Adiponectin hormone and some biochemical parameters with unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction patients

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By: Alyaa Majid1*, Sevki Adem2, Anwer Sabah Kadhim3

1 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq

2  Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey

3 Iraqi Ministry of Health, Iraq

Abstract

The acute coronary syndromes [unstable angina (UA) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI)] are more dangerous than other ischemic heart diseases (IHD) due to acute morphological changes in atherosclerotic plaques which cause (acute ischemia) severe imbalance between myocardium demand and oxygen supply. In this study we investigated adiponectin hormone, creatine kinase(CK), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), malondialdehyde(MDA), nitric oxide(NO), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione(GSH)  in patients with unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction, This study has been carried out on 100  patients with unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction and 50 healthy subjects. the study shows that there is a significant difference in the concentration of serum Adiponectin, CK, LDH, MDA, NO, SOD, and GSH between (controls, AMI and UA ) in the (male and female )  groups (p≤0.05).

Evaluation-of-Adiponectin-hormone-and-some-biochemical-parameters-with-unstable-angina-and-acute-myocardial-infarction-patients

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