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Vol.6 No.4 – 2: Protective effect of omega-3 on Doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

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By: 1Farozia I. Moussa, 1Horeya S. Abd El-Gawad, 1Salwa S. Mahmoud, 2Faiza A. Mahboub, and 1Saliha G.Abdelseyd

1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt

2Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antineoplastic anthracycline used to treat various forms of cancer. Although DOX is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, it has been documented to cause oxidative damage in several body organs. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of omega-3 against doxorubicin-induced hepatic toxicity in adult male rats. Animals were divided into four groups. The first group was orally administered with 0.5ml corn oil and served as a control group. The second group was treated with omega-3 fatty acid (400mg/kg b.w) daily for 30 days. The third group was injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of DOX (30mg/kg b.w). Animals in the fourth group were treated with omega-3 at the same dose level as those of group 2 followed by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of DOX as in the third group. Injecting animals with DOX induces various histological changes in the liver. These changes include congestion and dilatation of blood vessels, leucocytic infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, degenerated hepatocytes, and pyknotic nuclei. Moreover, DOX caused a significant elevation in serum ALT, AST, LDH, lipid profile, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and globulin after 4 weeks of treatment. It also caused an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and depletion of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione reduced (GSH). Treating animals with omega 3 fatty acids in combination with DOX led to an improvement in the histological and biochemical changes induced by DOX together with a significant decrease in the level of MDA and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The results of the present work indicated that omega-3 fatty acid had a protective effect against liver damage induced by Doxorubicin and this is due to its antioxidant activities.

Protective-effect-of-omega-3-on-Doxorubicin-induced-hepatotoxicity-converted

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Vol3 No.2 -1 :Prevention of Etoposide induced kidney toxicity, electrolytes, injury and KI67 alternations in male rats treated with star anise

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By :Ali Salman Hassan Al-Ameri

Abstract

Star anise (Illicium verum) has been used in folk medicine of China, India, and most other Asian countries to treat stomach aches, vomiting, insomnia, dermal inflammation and rheumatic pain as well as a common spice usage. The present study was designed to investigate the possible ameliorating effect of star anise fruit extract against Etoposideinduced nephrotoxicity in rats to prove the evidence of its traditional pharmacological effectiveness. A total of 40 male Wister albino rats were divided randomly into four groups (1st group was control; 2nd group was treated with star anise, 3rd group was received Etoposide, and 4th group was treated with both star anise and Etoposide. The administration of Etoposide significantly caused elevation in creatinine, blood urea, sodium, potassium and chloride while calcium ions was significantly decrease when compared with control group. Co-treated rat with star anise and Etoposide maintained the levels of the measured some parameters (creatinine, chloride and calcium ions) closer to the normal values while urea, sodium and potassium ions were significantly decrease when compared with Etoposide group. Histopathological evidence, together with observed Ki67-ir, supported the detrimental effect of Etoposide and the ameliorating effect of star anise water extract on renal toxicity. Finally, it could be concluded that star anise has a promising role and it worth to be considered as a natural substance for ameliorating the renal toxicity and injury induced by Etoposide chemotherapy.

2017 JBSAR Ali Alameri

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Vol.2 No.12 -6 : Effect of fast neutrons-irradiated diets on liver structure and function of male albino rats

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By : Samir A. Nassar , Mahmoud R. Mahmoud , Magda S. Hanafy and Hagar A. Khalaf

Abstract

Presently, there is a growing need for the technology of food irradiation since it provides an effective process in food preservation and quality improvement . Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the effects of fast neutron- irradiated wheat grains on the structure and function of the liver of albino rats. . Rats were categorized into two main groups (G1 & G2 ) ,40 animals for each. Each group was subdivided equally to four subgroups ( A,B,C&D for G1 and AA,BB,CC&DD for G2). A and AA served as control animals for G1 and G2 respectively and given non-irradiated diets ,while B,C&D were given irradiated diets at three different fluencies of fast neutrons;4.3×105 ,2.0×106 and 1.4×107 n/Cm2 respectively .But ,BB,CC and DD were given a diet of irradiated wheat of the second generation ( harvested from cultivation of the irradiated grains of the first generation ) at the same previous fluencies. Serum albumin and total protein, biochemical markers of liver function ( ALP, ALT and AST ) and the histopathological alterations of liver would be tested. Rresults of the present work highlight the detectable effect of irradiated wheat grains by the moderate ( 106 ) and the highest ( 107 ) fluencies of fast neutrons on albumin and total protein concentrations ( as indices of liver synthetic capacity). However the lowest (105) fluency exerted no detectable effect. The application of feeding with grains of the 2nd. generation on G2 experimental subgroups ( BB, CC & DD ) recorded a slight increase did not approaching a significant value ( p > 0.05 ) concerning albumin and total protein levels, in all treated animals Concerning the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) and transaminases ( ALT & AST ) , they recorded minor fluctuations between the positive and negative range in the exposed animals of both groups ( G1 & G2) as compared to controls . But , these little differences did not approaching a significant record except for ALP inBB subgroup of G2 . On histopathological examination of liver tissue , sporadic spontaneous lesions , known to occur in rats , were the only findings , with no specific relation to the studied stress factor .Therefore , it can be concluded that fast neutron-irradiated diets does not cause changes of any toxicological significance in experimental animals , at the conditions of the current experiment , in spite of minor changes in biochemical parameters . But , it is necessary to demonstrate the safety of radiationprocessed food in case of human consumption.

6. Effect of fast neutrons-irradiated diets on liver structure and function of male albino rats

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Vol.2 No.12 -5 : Effect of chitosan nanoparticles on haloperidol drug-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats Light and Electron Microscopic study.

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By : Sahar A. Sabry , Samia M. Sakr and Hassan M. Ibrahim

Abstract

Haloperidol (HP) is a widely used neuroleptic drug for the treatment of acute and chronic psychosis. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of haloperidol on the liver of rats and the possible preventive effect of chitosan nanoparticle. Thirty two adult male rats were used in the present study. They were allocated into four groups. The first group served as control and was injected i.p. with 1mg/kg saline solution. The second group, each rat received a single (i.p.) injection of (2 mg/kg b.wt.) chitosan nanoparticles, each animal of third group given 0.3mg/ml/kg haloperidol while in the fourth group each rat received 0.3 mg/ml/kg haloperidol carried on nanoparticles daily for 21 days. Histological examination of liver sections of haloperidol- treated rats revealed destruction of the normal pattern of the hepatic lobules. The hepatic cells appeared with fatty degeneration and vacuolation of hepatocytes. The nuclei of hepatocytes exhibited noticeable signs of deterioration; pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis. Congestion of blood vessels was also detected and the portal areas were invaded by inflammatory lymphocytes. On the other hand, the liver sections of rats treated with haloperidol carried on nanoparticles showed minimizing the toxic effects of haloperidol alone. Electron microscopic investigation of hepatocytes of haloperidoltreated rats revealed conspicuous alterations, represented by aggregation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in clumps and the mitochondria underwent swelling with obvious condensation of their matrices by materials that displayed high electron density and some of them lost their cristae. In conclusion: this study showed that when haloperidol carried on nanoparticles it decreased the destructive progress of haloperidol on the liver of rats.

5_Effect_of_chitosan_nanoparticles_on_haloperidol_drug-induced_hepatotoxicity_in_albino_rats_Light_and_Electron_Microscopic_study

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Vol.2 No.09 -5 : Biochemical and histological studies on the possible protective impact of the herb basil (Ocimum basilicum) on adriamycin induced toxicity in rats. I. Influence on the liver.

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By : Bayomy* M.F.F., Sakr, S.A., Gendia S.E. M.

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum) against hepatotoxicity induced in albino rats by the anticancer drug adriamycin (ADR). The biochemical results showed that adriamycin caused significant elevation in serum ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) and AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) enzymes after 4, 6 and 8 weeks of treatment. It also caused an increase in malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation marker) and decrease in activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase. This drug has resulted in various histological changes in the liver. These changes include impairment of the normal structural organization of the hepatic lobules, congestion and dilatation of blood vessels, cytoplasmic vacuolization of the hepatocytes, leucocytic infiltrations and fatty infiltration. Treating animals with ADR and basil (Ocimum basilicum) led to an improvement in both biochemical and histological changes induced by ADR. There are significant decreases in ALT and AST activity. Moreover, Ocimum basilicum reduced the level of malondialdehyde and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In conclusion the results of the present work indicated that Ocimum basilicum had a protective effect against liver damage induced by adriamycin and this is due to antioxidant activities of some substances found in water extract of Ocimum basilicum.

5_Biochemical_and_histological_studies_on_the_possible_protective_impact_of_the_herb_basil_(Ocimum_basilicum)_on_adriamycin_induced_toxicity_in_rats_I_Influence_on_the_liver

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Vol.2 No.5 -4 : Age-Related Changes in the Histological Structure of Rabbit Testes and the Prophylactic Role of Vitamin E.

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By : 1Nabila I. El-Desouki, 2Amal I. El-Refaiy, 1Dalia F. Afifi and 1Hanan Talaat

Abstract

The present investigation is planned to compare between the histological structure of rabbit testes of different ages and the prophylactic role of vitamin E on senescent animals. Male NewZeland rabbits were divided into four groups according to age. Group I: represented the young rabbits (one month age, weighing 1 ± 0.4 kg), group II: adult rabbits (6 months age, weighing 4 ± 0.5 kg), group III: aged animals (24 month age, weighing 7.5 ± 0.5 kg and group (IV) aged rabbits treated daily with the therapeutic dose of vitamin E orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w / day for 60 days. The testes of young rabbits revealed a small form of seminiferous tubules with regular outline with spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, and the lumen appeared empty from spermatozoa. The interstitium is made up of loose connective tissue with large polyhedral interstitial Leydig cells. In adult studied animals, testes demonstrated with all spermatogenic cells and the lumen filled with spermatozoa. In aged rabbits, the histological studies of testis demonstrated atrophied irregular tubules, disarrangement of vacuolated spermatogenic cells, and sloughing of germ cells into the tubular lumen with reduction and degeneration of spermatozoa. The interstitium between the tubules was widen and filled with degenerated and reduced Leydig cells. Administration of vitamin E to aged animals group revealed an obvious improvement of spermatogenic cells, and the spermatozoa appeared in the lumen of many seminiferous tubules.

4. Age-Related Changes in the Histological Structure of Rabbit Testes and the Prophylactic Role of Vitamin E.

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Vol.2 No.4 -5 : Biological and histopathological effects of cyromazine on the laevae of Culex pipiens (Diptera Culicidae).

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By : Abada A. Assar1, Magda M. Abo El-Mahasen1, Amira F.Afifi2 and Amany A. Rady2

Abstract

Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the efficacy of the chitin synthesis inhibitor (cyromazine) against all larval stages of Culex pipiens. The compound was tested its efficacy on larval mortality, larval duration, pupation, pupal duration and adult emergence. Also, the histological effects of cyromazine on the midgut, the integument, the fatbodies and the muscles of 4th larval instar treated as 1st larval instar were studied. The tested compound increased the larval mortality, decreased the percent pupation and adult emergence and prolonged the pupal duration. Also, this compound elicited histological effects on the midgut, the integument, the fat bodies and the muscles of 4th larval instar of C. pipiens treated as 1st larval instar with 0.01 and 0.1 ppm.

5. Biological and histopathological effects of cyromazine on the laevae of Culex pipiens (Diptera Culicidae).

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Vol.2 No.1 -1 : Gasoline induced pulmo- oxidative damage in mice model.

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By : Awatef Ali1 ,Nawal El-Ghazaly2 , Samir Dekinesh3,Sanaa Kabiel4,Azza Sedky5

Abstract

The present work aims to evaluatethe cytotoxic effects on lung cells exerted by gasoline. 60 male albino mice were used in the present experiment, divided equally into 3 groups: first group (control) was left access to fresh air, second group (experimental) was subjected to gasoline 80- vapor/1h./day and third group (experimental) was subjected to gasoline 90-vapor/1h./day along eight consecutive weeks. The study comprises determination of body weight, bioaccumulation of some heavy metals ,histological and ultra-changes . Histological changes increased according to duration of exposure as, infiltration of inflammatory cells, detachment and necrosis of the epithelial cells .The electron micrographs revealed dilatation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, loss of the secretory granules in the Clara cells and loss of cilia in the ciliated cells that exhibited bleb formation. Necrotic type II pneumocytes, exhibited vacuolation, fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondrial degeneration , nuclear alterations, degeneration of lamellar bodies and microvillar atrophy. In conclusion, gasoline vapour inhalation induced lung tissue injury and cellular damage concomitant with impairment of the lung antioxidant defense system. These effects were more pronounced with the unleaded than with the leaded gasoline.

1. Gasoline induced pulmo- oxidative damage in mice model.

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Vol.2 No.1 -7 : Potential hepatoprotection exerted by ginseng against chlorpyrifos-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.

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By : Bayomy M.F.F., Abdel Samie H. A., Gendia S.E. M.

Abstract

Insecticides gained public reputation and widespread application to control the spread of different insects in various habitats. However, the deleterious effects of these chemicals could not be ignored and should be dealt seriously. The present work was conducted to test the efficacy of the natural plant ginseng in alleviating toxicity of chlorpyrifos. The organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos induced hepatotoxicity and changes in some serum biochemical parameters. The liver of rats administered chlorpyrifos manifested cytoplasmic vacuolization, leucocytic infiltration, hemorrhage and remarkable dilatation of veins. The nuclear chromatin was condensed. There was a significant increase in alanin aminotransferase (ALT) while there was a significant decrease in albumin, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum of treated rats. Treating animals with ginseng was found in this study to alleviate hepatotoxicity and restore the levels of the tested serum parameters to nearly normal values.

7. Potential hepatoprotection exerted by ginseng against chlorpyrifos-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.

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Vol.1 No.2 -1 : Clomiphene citrate induced kidney injury in female albino rat.

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By : Hawazen A. Lamfon1 and Nahid A. Lamfon2

Abstract

Clomiphene citrate (clomid), a selective oestrogen-receptor modulator, is used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. On the other hand, it showed many adverse effects. The present work investigates the effects of clomiphene citrate (CC) on kidney of female albino rats. Many biochemical and histological changes were induced in these animals when treated with CC at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight. Treating animals with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight caused elevations in serum creatinine and urea. The histological changes in the kidney of treated animals included intertubular leucocytic infiltrations, congestion of blood vessels and degeneration of renal tubules. Moreover, atrophy of glomeruli was recorded. In conclusion, biochemical and histopathological alterations indicated that clomiphene citrate causes renal damage in female albino rats.

1. Clomiphene citrate induced kidney injury in female albino rat.

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