Vol.4 No.4 – 19 : Annexin V and CXCR4 Expression in Adult Immune Thrombocytopenia. Control Randomized Study. (Annexin in ITP)

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By : Rania M fawzy1, Amal S Nasr1, Noha M. El Husseiny2*, Mona Gamil2, Heba H. El Demellawy3, Hend M Hassan1, Ibrahim A. Ibrahim 2

1 Clinical Pathology Department – Faculty of Medicine-Cairo University- Egypt.

2-Internal medicine Department – Faculty of Medicine- Cairo University– Egypt.

3  Internal Medicine Department- Faculty of Medicine-Beni-Sweif University- Egypt

*Correspondence: noha_el_husseiny77@yahoo.com

Abstract

Background: Annexin V is a cellular protein used to detect apoptotic cells by its ability to bind to phosphatidylserine, a marker of apoptosis when it is on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane.CXCR4 is expressed on cells of megakaryocytic series, especially platelets,  and plays an important role in megakaryopoiesis. Both were  used to study pathogenesis  of ITP in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate Annexin V as marker of early apoptosis and the CXCR4 expression as marker of megakaryopoiesis  in adult patients with ITP. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 60 patients with ITP with a mean age 39.23± 12.49 and 40 healthy subjects with a mean age 36.08± 9.4 as a control group. Using the flow cytometry, we investigated apoptotic markers of platelets annexin V and megakaryopoiesis marker CXCR4  expression. Results: The percentage of the platelet with early apoptosis positive markers (Annexin -D1) were less frequent in the ITP group compared to the control group (p<0.001), the percentage of the platelet with late apoptosis positive markers (Annexin -D2), living platelet (Annexin-D3), necrotic platelet (Annexin-D4) were more frequent in the ITP group compared to the control group (p=0.62, p<0.001, p=0.016) respectively.  The percentage of the platelets with CXCR4 expression was lower in ITP patients compared to the controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: pathogenesis of ITP in adults is complicated. Platelet Annexin V together with CXCR4 expression may detect apoptosis resistance in adult patients with ITP.

Annexin V and CXCR4 Expression in Adult Immune Thrombocytopenia. Control Randomized Study.-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 18 : Knowledge of Adolescents Regarding the Factors Contributing to Mental Health at a Selected Nursing College in Indore

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By : Jinu K Rajan

Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences

Majmaah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Email:jinukrajan@rediffmail.com

Abstract

Background: Mental health is simultaneous success at working, loving, creating with the capacity for nature and flexible resolution of conflicts between instincts, conscience and reality (American Psychiatric Association, 2001).Materials and Methods. The main objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of adolescents regarding the factors contributing to mental health in a selected college and to compare the knowledge of adolescents on factors contributing to mental health with their selected demographic data. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 100 college students between 17 to 21 years of age group, selected by stratified random sampling to assess their knowledge regarding factors contributing to mental health by using close ended questionnaire at Index Nursing College , Indore. Results : Observation shows that highest percentage (32%) of the college students were in the age group of 21 year and above of, majority (60%) of them were female students, almost all (90%) of them were from nuclear family, highest percentage (42%) of them were belongs to income group of Rs. 1251 and above, highest percentage (53%) of them were from urban area, majority (63%) of them were Hindus and majority (64%) of them received information from mass media. The total mean knowledge score of college students was 12.37±4.53 which is 56.23% of maximum obtainable score which revealing average knowledge, whereas highest mean score (1.42±0.62) which is 71% of maximum score on verbatim for relaxation revealing good knowledge & lowest mean score (3.63±1.91) which is 51.86% of maximum score on nutrition for mental health revealed average knowledge. Association of demographic variables with the knowledge  score shows that significant association was found between knowledge scores & age and class in which studying, whereas no significant association was found between knowledge score and sex, type of family, per month per capita income, residence, religion and source of information. Conclusion: From the findings of the present study it can be concluded that, the knowledge of students regarding factors contributing mental was good on regarding to relaxation. Over all mean, SD and mean score revealed that students having average knowledge regarding factors contributing mental health. The knowledge scores of the students when compared with selected demographic variables revealed significant association was found on age and class in which studying.

Knowledge of Adolescents Regarding the Factors Contributing to Mental Health at a Selected Nursing College in Indore-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 17 : Evaluation of circulating antigen in urine technique for diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infection

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By : Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Ahmed A. Yameny (Email: dr.ahmedyameny@yahoo.com)

DOI: 10.21608/jbaar.2018.155494

Abstract

Background : Diagnosis of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis by detecting circulating Schistosome antigens in serum and urine have been developed and assessed to dissolve problems with parasitological diagnosis in low endemic areas or for early diagnosis, this study aimed to evaluate commercially available kit, using circulating antigen in urine as alternative for microscopic testing of urine to diagnose S.haematobium infection Subjects and methods: This study is a cross-sectional study designed to evaluate circulating antigen a commercially available kit was used for determine urinary schistosomiasis  in the study population, this performed on 50 positive S.haematobium samples and 50 negative samples for individuals matching in age and sex , in addition, urine microscopic examination was done for detection of S.haematobium eggs by sedimentation centrifugation and nuclepore filteration techniques. Results :  The results showed that circulating antigen kit in urine had a sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 76%.. PPVs was 70% whereas NPVs was 63.3 %. As for diagnostic efficiency, it was 66%, where the area under the curve (AUC) was sufficient 0.63 . Conclusion and Recommendations: Years ago this commercial kit used in our study and in all medical laboratories in Egypt for detection of schistosome antigen in urine is called schistofast bilharzial antigen in urine , this study showed low sensitivity (56%) and lowe specificity (76) than expected resuls for detection of circulating antigen and they are generally more expensive than microscopic examination.

Evaluation of circulating antigen in urine technique for diagnosis of schistosoma haematobium infection-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 16 : Morphospecies diversity of soil invertebrates in Cultivated and Uncultivated fields

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By: Abrar Maqtan1, Hishamuddin Omar1, Muskhazli Mustafa1, Nur Ain Izzati M Zainudin1, Daljit Singh Karam2

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Abstract

The soil environment is teeming with living organisms full of biological life and is one of the most abundant and diverse ecosystems on earth. However, due to unsustainable agriculture practices, the fertile topsoil is often lost; the soil becomes useless for agriculture. Therefore, we cannot lose sight on the fundamental role of the soil biological entities in maintaining the sustainability of the soil, and the role of organism’s biodiversity in the soil to counter against various stress. Therefore, the main objective of this work is detecting diversity and density of soil invertebrates between cultivated field (Ladang 2) and uncultivated field (CEFS), Results showed that the highest abundance to invertebrates was recorded at CEFS 834 with 3.7 m2 density and the lowest was in Ladang 2: 225 with 1.2 m2 density, belonging to 35 different morphospecies from 4 Phylum, 4 subphyla, 6 class, 2 subclass and 19 orders.  A total of 15 morphospecies were collected in the cultivated field Ladang 2, while 25 morphospecies were collected in the uncultivated filed CEFS. Out of 25 morphospecies found in this area, 10 were exclusive to this environment. Annelida, Amphipoda, Isopoda, Collembola and Hymenoptera were the dominant taxa in CEFS, comprising: 8.15%, 10.55%, 17.98%, 14.14% and 26.97% respectively. But Acarina, Coleoptera and Insect larva 39.68%, 5.95% and 3.97% respectively were the dominated taxa in Ladang 2. The diversity was highest in the CEFS (H = 2.29) and lowest in the Ladang2 field (H = 1.74). Unfortunately, many aspects of the soil invertebrates have not been documented in Malaysia. For example, why they become dominant in certain location and what is the impact on that particular ecosystem.  This study showed that it is essential to maintain natural habitat because agricultural practices have major influence on soil invertebrate diversity and hopefully through this study able to suggest sound agriculture management to safeguard the soil ecosystems. Due to the limited information pertaining to soil invertebrates in Malaysia and limited scope of this study, it is premature to make any conclusion and therefore warrant further studies.

Morphospecies diversity of soil invertebrates in Cultivated and Uncultivated-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 15 : Gonad variation and development of freshwater mussel Chambardia rubens Lamarck, 1819 (Bivalvia: Mutelidae) from the River Nile in Egypt

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BY: Mostafa Morad1*, Mona Fathi Fol2, Irene Sameh Gamil1 and Reda Mohammad Mansour1

    • 1-Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt.
    • 2-Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.

Abstract

The gametogenesis, reproductive cycle and larval morphology of Chambardia rubens (Bivalvia: Mutelidae) are studied for the first time in Egypt. A total of 46 mussels were collected seasonally from winter to autumn 2017 from Benha (Qaluobiya Governorate) along the River Nile in Egypt. Histological examinations demonstrates that C. rubens is a dioecious species and 22 were females with prevalence rate 47.8% and 24 were males with prevalence rate 52.2 %. The gonads of both male and female specimens were found to be paired and symmetrical organs, situated between the digestive gland and intestine. Oogenesis was divided into four stages; oogonia, previtellogenic oocytes, vitellogenic oocytes and postvitellogenic oocytes while spermatogenesis passed through spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. Sperm morulae were also detected. The reproductive cycle was intense in winter including the four developmental stages of gonads; developing, ripe (mature), spawning and spent stages, respectively. The eggs and larval stages (lasidia) were incubated for a short period within the inner demibranchs so C. rubens can be considered as endobranchous and tachytictic brooders. Light microscopy revealed that the eggs with vitelline membrane and the larvae contain internal threads with an anterior outgrowth. Scanning electron microscopy examinations revealed that the eggs are with smooth membrane without any folds with the presence of anterior outgrowth in the larvae.

Gonad variation and development of freshwater mussel Chambardia rubens Lamarck, 1819 Bivalvia Mutelidae from the River Nile in Egypt-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 14 : Molecular pathological detection of S. typhimurium by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in lambs tissue sections

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By : Basim M. jwad  and  Bushra I. AL-Kaisei

Department of pathology and poultry diseases, Collages of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract

Despite  many different methods used to diagnose Salmonella typhimurium, especially that depended on isolation and  biochemical identification, but use technique, Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH), as a one method from molecular fashion probe, has been developed and applied for the direct diagnosis of S. typhimurium  in bacterial cell smears of pure cultures, or in formalin-fixed sections, and in paraffin embedded tissue. Therefore, this study was designed to determine  the single bacterial cells in the infected intestine, liver and gallbladder by used (Sal-3 prop), through orally administered for lambs via stomach tube, with a volume of 0.5 ml contain  (1×108 cfu/ml S.typhimurium), after bacterial identification by cultures media mainly Salmonella chromogenic agar, and biochemical diagnosis by [Iraq-CDC/central public health laboratory (CPHL) in the Baghdad province]. So results was concluded that Sal3-prop of FISH technique, was a good instrument for fortuity S. typhimurium in the in histopathological tissue sections.

Molecular pathological detection of S. typhimurium-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 13 : Effect of Different Stocking Density of Catfish on Microalgal species composition and Diversity Indices under Varying Weather Conditions

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By: Manthaka Weeraphong1, Hishamuddin Omar1*, Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli1 and Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai1

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor Malaysia

Abstract

The threat of climate change, rising human population and food security are some of the issues that need to be addressed urgently. Therefore the objective of this study is to document species composition of microalgae and its diversity in different stocking density of catfish in varying weather conditions to minimize water usage and maximize production. Clarias gariepinus with size 10±0.2 cm and 18.5±0.3 g were placed in polytank of 300L under sheltered transparent roofing. The experimental set up comprising of control tank with 25 fishes and covered to prevent microalgal growth, 10, 15, 20 and 25 fishes for treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.  Microalgae were sampled every 2 days; different mean light intensity and temperature represent different weather conditions were recorded. The totals of 29 genera 77 species of microalgae within 5 divisions were identified. The most abundant taxa were Chlorophyta (90%). The common genus in all weather conditions were Chlorella, Desmodesmus, Scenedesmus and Selenastrum. Shannon diversity index (H’), Simpson index, evenness and species richness were diversity indices that ranged from 0.59-2.82, 0.21-0.97, to 0.52-1.04 and 2.01-5.36, respectively. The highest stocking density of catfish (25 catfish; T4) under dry weather conditions also produce highest diversity indices.

Effect of Different Stocking Density of Catfish on Microalgal species composition and Diversity Indices under Varying Weather Conditions f-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 12 : IL‑17F and IL- 23 gene polymorphism in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, an Egyptian study.

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By : 

*Aml S Nasr(M.D)1, Hoda M El Azizy (M.D) 2, Noha M  El Husseiny(M.D) 3 ,Samar S Youssef (PhD)4

1 Clinical Pathology Department , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

2 Medical biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

3  Internal medicine Department , Cairo University, Egypt.

4Microbial biotechnology Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly fatal  disease occurring due to  proliferation  and accumulation of myeloid progenitor cells. Th17 cells had been claimed by many studies to play a role in the development  of AML. Aim Of work: This work aimed to detect possible role of IL 17 F and IL 23  gene polymorphisms in pathogensis of AML ,relation to prognosis and response to treatment. Subjects , materials and methods: This study was done on 68 patients with newly diagnosed AML (as a patient group) ,together with  56 matched healthy volunteers( control group). IL 17 F and IL 23  gene polymorphisms were genotyped by real time polymerase chain reaction(Real time PCR). Results: No significant differences were detected between patients and controls in respect to   IL 17 genotype distribution , there was statistically significant differences  between patients and controls regarding  IL 23 genotype distribution. No statistically significant relation was found beween interleukin 17 and interleukin 23  and any  of the bad prognostic markers. Conclusion: We concluded that IL23 gene polymorphism could be considered as independent risk factor  in the pathogenesis of AML ,while  we could not prove that IL 17 gene polymorphism has a role in the development of AML.

IL‑17F and IL- 23 gene polymorphism in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, an Egyptian study (1)

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Vol.4 No.4 – 11 : Comparison between glypican-3 and alpha-fetoprotein in discrimination of hepatocellular carcinoma from cirrhotic patients

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By: Abdelfattah Mohamed Attallah*1, Mohamed Abd El-Hafez El-Far 2, Mohamed Mostafa Omran3, Aya Mohamed Saeed1, Mohamed Sayed Elbendary1, Kareem Abdelfattah Attallah1, Khaled Farid Mari4

1* Research & Development Department, Biotechnology Research Center, New Damietta City, Egypt

2 Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

3 Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt

4 Tropical medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Liver cirrhosis progression could be a consequence for developing HCC. Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used as, a marker for detection of HCC, but it has poor sensitivity. Objective: Evaluate the diagnostic power of serum AFP and Glypican-3 (GPC3) as biomarkers of development of HCC. Subjects and Methods: A total of 182 patients, 110 patients with HCC and 72 patients with liver cirrhosis were included. AFP and GPC3 were determined using ELISA. The diagnostic power was evaluated using Area under Roc curve (AUC). Results: levels of AFP and GPC3 in sera of HCC patients were higher than in those with liver cirrhosis (p < 0.0001). AFP had Area under curve (AUC) = 0.772 with sensitivity 39.1%, specificity 97.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) 97.7%, negative predictive value (NPV) 34.3% and efficiency 53.4% while GPC3 had AUC=0.841 yielded sensitivity 76.4%, specificity 86.1%, PPV 94.4%, NPV 64.3% and efficiency 78.8%. There was significant weak correlation (r = 0.241; P < 0.001) between AFP and GPC3. Conclusions: GPC3 is good marker for HCC diagnosis. Therefore, GPC3 may be more useful than AFP in differentiating HCC from cirrhotic patients.

Comparison between glypican-3 and alpha-fetoprotein in discrimination of hepatocellular carcinoma from cirrhotic patients-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 10 : Breast cancer risk associated with genotype polymorphism of COMT gene in young women

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By : Abbas Ch. Mraissl

Pathology /Biology Department ,Education College , Missan University, Iraq

 

Abstract

O- methelation mediated by COMT enzyme  is an important mechanism for in activating Catechole Estrone (CE) which including 2- HE and 4- HE and transform it to 2-ME and 4-ME which act as anti- tumor genesis . Aim of this study was investigation  the association between the polymorphism in COMT genotype and the breast cancer risk in (40) young  patient’s women aged between (20-39) years were diagnosed and confirmed with breast carcinoma at AL- Sadder hospital in Missan, and (40) healthy control women aged between (18-39) years in period  between     September -2009 to April -2010 Odds ratios(OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated in level significant   P < 0.05. The statistical analysis showed no association between the breast cancer risk in young women and homozygous wild (Met/Met) genotype with an OR of 0.63(95%CI= 0.248 – 0.552 ), also with heterozygous  (Val/Met) genotype with an OR of 0.93 (95%CI= 0.155 – 0.44  ), and when a combination (Met/Met + Met/Val) genotype with an OR of 0.78(95%CI= 0.559-0.841), compared to homozygous mutant  (Val/Val) genotype. No significant differences in frequency of low activity alleles between cases and controls, indicating the polymorphism as a single factor may not contribute to breast carcinogenesis in young women.

Breast cancer risk associated with genotype polymorphism of COMT gene in young women-converted

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