Vol.4 No.3 – 2 : Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Agricultural Purpose in Seven Districts, Rabigh Governorate, Saudi Arabia

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By : Zaki Al-Hasawi 1, Esam Al-Wesabi 1,5*, Hassan Al-Harbi 2, Reem Al-Hasawi 3, Basim Aloufi 4

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

2 Poison Control and Medical Forensic Toxicology Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

3 Department of Chemistry Sciences, Faculty of Science and arts, King Abdul Aziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.

4Rabigh Power Company, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.

5Al-Hodeidah University, Republic of Yemen.

 

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze well waters in seven regions, Hajar, Mughynia, Nuweiba, Rabigh, Al-Abwa, Mastourah, and Kilayyah, which lie along the valleys that discharge in the Red Sea in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. This is to evaluate and determine whether the water of these wells is suitable for drinking and agricultural use. The study included determination of the major elements Ca, Na, K, Mg, P, F, the heavy metals, Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Mn, Ba, and the toxic metals, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ag, Mo, Co, Be, V, Ar, Sb, Ti, and U concentration in the water of these wells. The elements Na, K, P increased in the ground water following the passage of water from upper valley to lower valley, and the elements Ca, Na, Mg and Cl concentration in well water is affected by their nearness to the Red Sea water, and the wells of Hajar, El-nugemia and Nuweiba have the least concentrations of these elements while those near the coast, Mastourah, Rabigh, Kilayyah and Al-Abwa contain water with high concentrations of these elements. As for water content of the major elements, all well waters is acceptable for drinking, except Mastourah with a high concentration of Na and Mg, and Rabigh and Al-Abwa with a high concentration of Ca. All wells water is acceptable for drinking as regards their content of the heavy and toxic metal.

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Vol.4 No.3 – 1 : The Study of some Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties in Water Wells at Rabigh Governate, Saudi Arabia

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By : ¹Zaki Al-Hasawi , ²Reem Al-Hasawi , ¹Al-Zahrani saeed

 ¹Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

²Department of Chemistry Sciences, Faculty of Science and arts, King Abdul Aziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze water wells in seven sites lie along a valley which discharges into the Red Sea at Rabigh province in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. The analysis conducted in order to evaluate and determine whether the water in the study area is suitable for drinking and agricultural uses. Nevertheless, the study included some of the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. While the physical characteristic included odor, taste, and color, however the chemical characteristics included the pH, Electric conductivity (EC), Turbidity, Total Hardness (TH), Total Dissolved Salts (Solids) (TDS), ammonium (NH4-N), nitrates (NO3-N), nitrites (NO3-N), and bicarbonates (HCO3). In addition to microbiological aspects like the water concentrations of Total Coliform Bacteria (TCB) and the Fecal Coliform Bacteria (FCB). However, in the present study, our results indicated clear variations in the levels of physical and chemical concentrations. It was found that the levels of ammonium (NH4-N), nitrates (NO3-N), nitrites (NO3-N), and bicarbonates (HCO3) at all sites have levels below the standards recommended by the international and local organizations. The only exception was found at Rabigh and Colia, in which the levels of these parameters exceeded the permissible limits recommended by these organizations. Regarding the concentrations of the Total Coliform Bacteria and Fecal Coliform Bacteria, the water wells at all sites is acceptable for both drinking and agricultural use due to their concentrations were below the recommended standards. In this paper, we recommended that it is necessary that the quality of drinking water should be checked at regular time intervals and further studies are needed in the future in order to monitor the pollution in the study area.

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