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Vol.5 No.3 – 9 : Comparing the level of some stress biomarkers among smoking and non-smoking healthy adults in Egypt

By: Asmaa Fathi Galal1*, Mai Sabry Saleh2, Nagat Mohamed Amer2, Amal Saad-Hussein2

1Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

2Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

Objective: The causal effect relation between smoking and stress is a subject that invites continuous research.  Hypothetically, investigation of stress biomarkers that are reported to be affected by tobacco intake may give us some explanation of the association between stress and smoking as a habit.  Consequently, the aim of the present study was to assess serum level of some stress biomarkers and compare them among smokers and non-smokers in a sample of Egyptian male health volunteers. Methods: Fifty-nine subjects were enrolled in the study (29 smokers and 30 non-smokers of matched age and gender). We measured serum levels of cortisol and interleukin-6 (IL-6) using ELISA technique, and serum levels of α-amylase, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) using colorimetric methods. Results: Serum cortisol levels were decreased in smokers, and IL-6, TG and TC were significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers, whereas, serum α-amylase did not show significant difference. Serum cortisol showed to be negatively correlated with serum IL-6 in smokers. Conclusions: The present studyassumes that smokers suffer from a state of chronic stress as evidenced by the observed decrease in serum cortisol due to negative feedback effect and increase in levels of serum IL-6, TG and TC. This in turn enhances craving to smoke to face stressors and leads to a vicious circuit that smokers fail to quit smoking.

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Vol.5 No.1 – 6 : A Correlational Approach on the Link between Emotional Intelligence and Stress Level of Nursing Students

By : Jordan H. Llego, RN, Ph.D., FRIHC, FRIN, FRIRes, Jennie L. Corpus, RN, FRIN

College of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Luzon 1

Perez, Boulevard, Dagupan City 2428 Philippines

(Email: llegojordan@gmail.com)

Abstract

The aim of this research study is to assess the level of emotional intelligence, the stress level and the link between the two variables. This study will use descriptive-correlational design through the use of a questionnaire; total enumeration was employed with 32 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and mean, and Pearson-r was utilized. The mean score reveals a score of 112.29, which means that the respondents have average emotional intelligence. The mean reveals a score of 20.59, which means that the respondents are experiencing a moderate level of stress. The Pearson-r yielded a score of (r= -0.32, n=34, p=0.70) which means that there is no significant relationship between the two variables. Conclusions include: the respondents can assess others’ emotion, moreover their emotion with acceptable level of emotional control, and thus they can interact satisfactorily with other people, and positively use their emotion with a positive outlook in life; the respondents are adapting to the stress they are experiencing; and the emotional intelligence of the respondents does not have a link with their stress level.


A Correlational Approach on the Link between Emotional Intelligence and Stress Level of Nursing Students jbaar.org

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