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Vol3 No.1 -4 : Silymarin extract modulates toxicity, injury, oxidative stress and PCNA alternations induced by tramadol in rat liver

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By : Nadhom Abd Khalaf

Abstract

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of silymarin supplementation on Tramadol induce injury, oxidative stress and PCNA expression alterations on liver in rats. For this purpose 40 male albino rats were divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks (group 1 was control, group 2 was silymarin, group 3 was Tramadol and group 4 was Tramadol plus silymarin). The obtained results revealed that; serum GPT, GOT, ALP, GGT activities and MDA levels in liver tissues were significantly increase in rats treated with Tramadol as compared to control group while, total protein, albumin, globulin levels in serum, GSH, SOD and catalase levels in liver tissues levels were significantly decrease in Tramadol group when compared with control rats. Liver sections in rats treated with Tramadol exhibited mild positive reactions were detected for PCNA-ir, marked dilation or congestion in central veins, marked cellular infiltrations, atrophied and vacuolated hepatocytes. Treated rats with Tramadol plus silymarin succeeded to modulate these observed abnormalities resulting from Tramadol as indicated by the reduction of enzymes activity and the pronounced improvement of the investigated biochemical, antioxidant parameters, oxidative stress, hepatic injury and PCNA alterations. Further studies are needed to investigate the impacts of tramadol on human health.

2017 JBSAR

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Vol.2 No.12 -2 : Effects of L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba on Pentylentetrazol-induced liver damage and oxidative stress in rats.

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By : Reda M. Fekry1 , Akaber TH Keshta1 , Wafaa K.Abo-Ghaneima and Ehab Tousson

Abstract

Pentylentetrazol (PTZ) kindling is an acknowledged models for epilepsy. The current study aimed to determine the possible protective and ameliorative effects of Lcarnitine and Ginkgo biloba (GB) against PTZ induced liver injury and oxidative stress in male rats. A total of 80 male albino rats were equally divided into eight groups; 1st group was the control; 2nd and 3rd were GB and Lcarnitine groups, respectively; 4th group was pentylenetetrazole rat group and the 5th and 6th groups were pre and post treated PTZ with L-carnitine groups respectively; the 7th and 8th groups were pre and post treated PTZ with GB respectively. Serum ALT, AST, ALP and MDA in liver tissue were significant increase in PTZ group when compare with control, while serum ALB and CAT, SOD, GST and TAC in liver tissue were significant decrease in PTZ group when compare with control. On other hand post and pre-treatment with L-carnitine and GB improved these parameters. Our results revealed that the treatment with L-carnitine improved these parameters more than GB and the results of post treatment were better than pre-treatment.

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Vol.2 No.12 -1 : The influence of naringenin on lambda-cyhalothrin induced nephrotoxicity in male rats.

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By : Ahmed Mokhtar Abu El-Saad

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the protective role of naringenin (NGN) against biochemical changes induced by lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) in the kidney of male rats. The animals were randomized into four groups (n=7/group). Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 received LCT (6.12 mg/kg bw, via gavage) once per day. Group 3 received NGN (50 mg/kg bw, via gavage), 30 min following LCT (6.12 mg/kg bw, via gavage). Group 4 received NGN (50 mg/kg bw, via gavage) for 21 days. By the end of the experimental period, exposure of rats to LCT, the following indices significantly increased compared with the control: serum levels of creatinine and urea; level of malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and activities of Nitric oxide synthetase (NOS), Cytochrome P-450 (Cyt P-450) in kidney tissues; levels of retinol-binding protein (RBP), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in urine. By contrast a marked drop in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), total sulfhydryl group (TSH) were evident in the kidney tissues of LCT exposed group compared to that of control. Furthermore, a sharp drop in the level of uric acid (UA) was also recorded in urine after LCT exposure. Co-treatment of NGN to the LCT-treated rats restored most of the aforementioned indices to near-normal levels. In conclusion, NGN appeared to be a promising agent for protection against LCT-induced nephrotoxicity.

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Vol.2 No.11 -4 : Physiological perturbations in gills and liver of Siganus canaliculatus as potential biomarkers of hydrocarbons pollution in Arabian Gulf of Saudi Arabia.

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By : Ahmed Mokhtar Abu El-Saad

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the state of health of gills and liver tissues of Rabbitfish, Siganus canaliculatus, inhabiting three different coastal localities in the Saudi coast of the Arabian Gulf, namely Al-Dammam, Dareen and Maniefa, with varying degrees of pollution affected by anthropogenic inputs including fractionated hydrocarbons. Al-Dammam coast was the less impacted site, and thus considered as a reference location. High concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in sediments and tissues at sites with anthropogenic activities (Dareen and Maniefa). Also, biochemical indicators were used to assess the impact of different levels of environmental pollution in gills and liver of the fish. The biomarkers: glycogen, total lipid, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione were found to be significantly lower in tissues of Rabbitfish caught from polluted locations compared to the reference values. However, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, catalase, glutathione-s-transferase and lipid peroxidation displayed significantly higher levels in the Rabbitfish caught from polluted locations. Overall, our results highlight the importance of estimating a set of related biomarkers to gain a preferable comprehend of protective mechanisms activated under a given environmental situation. It can be concluded that marine contamination can affect the antioxidant defense status of the gills and liver of studied fish. This has led to the suggestion that the marine Rabbitfish S. canaliculatus could be considered as a good bioindicator of environmental contamination by aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Vol.2 No.08 -3 : Ameliorative effect of olive leaves extract on hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

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By : Saber A. Sakr1 , Karoline K. Abdel-Aziz2, , Attalla F. El-kott2, Heba S. Khalifa2

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease. Olive leaves consists of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and volatile oil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and the curative effect of olive leaves extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups, Group I; Animals were served as control. Group II; Animals were received oral Olive leaves extract (OLE) 0.5 mg/kg of body weight/day. Group III; Animals were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (45mg /kg of body weight) to induce diabetes. Group IV, Animals were received a single dose of streptozotocin and after 7 days received Olive leaves extract for four weeks. The results indicatet that injection of STZ provoked a significant increase (P<0.005) in serum ALT, AST and lipids. Moreover, Serum malondialdehyde was increased and the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT decreased. Histopathologically, the OLE group didn't show any histopathological changes. Diabetic animals showed many histopathological changes in liver e.g. destruction of liver architecture, congestion of blood vessels, Leucocytic infiltration, and cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes. The pancreas showed severe damages in the pancreas architecture and atrophy of β-cells. When animals treated with OLE, an improvement was observed in the biochemical parameters and liver and pancreas histology of these animals. It is concluded that OLE exhibited a pronounced hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and ameliorative effects in diabetic rats and this is may be attributed to the presence of its phenolic compounds.

3_Ameliorative_effect_of_olive_leaves_extract_on_hepatotoxicity_and_oxidative_stress_in_streptozotocin-induced_diabetic_rats
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Vol.2 No.07 -5 : Melatonin counteracts age-related progression of oxidative stress in young Down syndrome patients.

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By : Mohamed E. Abdraboh1*, Mohamed A. El missiry1, Azza I Othman1,Faeza A. El-Dahtory2, Nissren Khafaga1

Abstract

Melatonin (MLT) is a pineal gland hormone known for its potent antioxidant effect associated with neural protection. The presence of three copies of the SOD gene is considered to be the main cause of oxidative stress-dependent neural degeneration and dementia that Down syndrome (DS) patients may suffer from. In this study we aim to assess a possible protective effect of MLTagainst the age-related progression of oxidative stress-induced damage in lymphocytes of DS patients. Lymphocytes from infants with DS were treated with mitomycin C (an H2O2 promoter) in order to mimic the oxidative stress status of aged patients in presence and absence of MLT. The data indicated a significant effect of MLT in downregulating the levels of the oxidative radicalsH2O2 and NO compared to untreated DS patients’ lymphocytes. This downregulation was accompanied by a profound effect of MLT in reducing the number of oxidative stress-dependent damaged chromosomes, along with a reduction in cell apoptosis and DNA protection in the p53 dependent pathway. These observations suggest that early administration of exogenous MLT in young DS patients may help in gaining control over growth-related progression of mental retardation, or at least delaying the onset of DS-related pathological complications.

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Vol.2 No.5 -7 : Folic acid ameliorates L-thyroxin induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in albino rats.

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By : Somya Y. Shalaby¹, Saber A. Sakr¹, Ehab Tousson², Mohamed Rabea¹

Abstract

Thyroid hormones have been known to regulate the energy metabolism of most tissues including liver. Alterations in their normal levels cause some biochemical and clinical abnormalities such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The present study evaluated the effect of thyroid hormone, L-thyroxin on liver of albino rats. Additionally the ameliorating role of folic acid supplementation was investigated. Fifty male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (group I, control; group II, folic acid; group III, L-thyroxin sodium administration (100 μg/kg / body weight); group IV, L-thyroxin and folic acid group and V, recovery group). The results showed that there were a significant increase in ALT, AST, MDA and nitric oxide in L-thyroxin treated rats as compared to control group. On the other hand, a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) in L-thyroxin treated rats as compared to control group. Histological results showed that liver sections of L-thyroxin group showed histopathological lesions such as leucocytic infiltrations, congestion of central and portal veins and cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes with the presence of pyknotic nuclei, in addition to fatty infiltration. Immunohistochemical results revealed that strong positive expression of PCNA, P53, and Bcl-2 were detected in the liver section in L-thyroxin treated rats and recovered rats as compared to control and folic acid groups. However; mild to moderate positive expressions of PCNA, P53, and Bcl-2 were observed in rats treated with L-thyroxin and folic acid in liver section. This reflects oxidative stress associated with hyperthyroid state.

7. Folic acid ameliorates L-thyroxin induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in albino rats.
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Vol.2 No.3 -7 : Hematotoxicity of diazinon pesticide at different time intervals in male albino rats.

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By : Faten R. Abdel Ghaffar; Hany M. Ibrahim; Imam A. Hassouna; Ibrahim A. Elelaimy and Heba M. Abd El latif.

Abstract

Diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide has been used in agriculture for several years. The aim of the present study was to analyze the hematotoxic effects of diazinon (DZN) at different time intervals (10, 20 and 30 days) on adult male albino rats. The changes in some hematological parameters; RBCs count, Hb content, Ht%, RBCs indices, total and differential count of WBCs, Platelets count, PT, APTT and bleeding time; were investigated. The antioxidant system in RBCs membrane; GSH, GST, GR, GPx, CAT and SOD; as well as LPO, as oxidative stress marker, were estimated. The current study showed that; DZN (14.88 mg/kg b.w.) at different time intervals resulted in decline in RBCs count, Hb content, Ht value, total WBCs count, platelets count, and relative lymphocytes and monocytes counts when compared with their control groups. On the other side, DZN caused increase in MCV, MCH, relative granulocytes count, bleeding time, PT and APTT. Furthermore, DZN decreased the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes (GST, GR, GPx, CAT and SOD) and GSH level. On the other hand, DZN caused increase in LPO. Generally, these all changes were directly proportional to the development of intoxication time. So, the current research concludes that DZN has hematotoxic effects which appeared in time-dependent manner.

7. Hematotoxicity of diazinon pesticide at different time intervals in male albino rats.
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Vol.2 No.2 -3 : Ameliorating effect of propolis extract against equigan induced.

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By : Ahmed Massouda, Ehab Toussona, Nahla Zedanb and Ali E. Abd elwahaba

Abstract

Equigan is an androgenic steroid that improves the growth and food conversion in meat producing animals. The present study was performed to determine the ameliorating effect of propolis in the toxicity of the rat testes induced with Equigan. Fourty male albino rat were divided into four groups (10 animals each); the control group includes animals that injected intramuscularly with olive oil. The second group includes rats received propolis. The third group is the experimental group included animals that received intramuscular injections of Equigan. The last group was co-administrated group where rats received Equigan along with propolis. The results suggest that misuse of growth promoter Equigan may contribute to continuous damage of the testicular function and structure that shown a significant increase in nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in Equigan group when compared to the control group, these results decrease in co-administrated Equigan with propolis. On the other hand a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, Glutathione (GSH) and total thiol in Equigan group when compared with control group, and a significant increase in co-administrated Equigan with propolis. It was concluded that; propolis has ameliorating role on the biochemical alterations in Equigan induced testicular toxicity in male rat.

3. Ameliorating effect of propolis extract against equigan induced.
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Vol.2 No.2 -4 : Comparative cardioprotective effect of Egyptian Silybum marianum extract and Chinese silymarin in experimentally liver fibrosis.

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By : 1Ehab Tousson; 2Afrah F. Salama; 3Mahmoud A. Elony; and 2٭Mona A. Dora

Abstract

Liver fibrosis is one of the common problems effects on the human health. Many herbal, medicinal and pharmaceutical plants and their extracts are widely studied by many researches. Chinese silymarin got a bright reputation in relieve of liver fibrosis. The current study is a comparative study between the effect of Chinese silymarin (commercial drug) and the extracted silymarin from the natural Egyptian plant on the cardiac toxicity due to liver fibrosis induced by ethanol in rats. A total of 72 female Albino rats were divided into six groups; G1, Control; G2,Fibrosis; G3,Chinese silymarin; G4, Fibrosis + Chinese silymarin; G5, Egyptian silymarin extract; G6, Fibrosis + Egyptian silymarin extract. Results showed that, heart enzymes activities LDH, lipid profiles in serum and MDA in tissues were a significant increase in Fibrosis group when compared with control group. On the other hand; creatine kinase (CK) in serum, total protein, total thiol, TAC, CAT and GST in cardiac tissues were a significant decrease in Fibrosis group when compared with control group. The current results revealed that; the Egyptian plant extract improved the lipid profile, heart functions and its oxidative stress parameters as comparison with the used medical Chinese silymarin.

4. Comparative cardioprotective effect of Egyptian Silybum marianum extract and Chinese silymarin in experimentally liver fibrosis.
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