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Vol.3 No.4 – 11: Nephroprotective Effect of Melatonin against Aluminum Phosphide Induced Renal Tissue Damage in Rats

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By: Mohamed SA. El-Gerbed

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damenhour University, Damenhour, Egypt

Abstract

Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a cheap, effective and commonly used agricultural pesticide. The present experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of melatonin against aluminum phosphide -induced renal toxicity in rats. Forty male rats were divided into four groups.  group I: rats maintained as control, group II: rats received melatonin, group III: rats received AlP, group IV: rats received AlP and melatonin with same previous doses. Data showed that AlP “GIII” treatment resulted in a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea level. Also, a markedly significant increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA). On the other hand, the administration of AlP causes a significant decrease in enzymatic antioxidants activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase) in the kidney. The histopathological examination of the kidney of AlP -treated group rats, revealed kidney injury with necrotic changes, enlargement of many glomeruli, tubular dilatation and leukocytic infiltration. Electron micrographs of the renal corpuscle showed obvious signs of injury, focal segmental thickening, and podocyte changes, mesangial cells appeared highly deteriorated. Also, proximal convoluted tubules lining cells revealed tremendous alterations and abnormalities in architectural features, an increasing number of the irregular shape of mitochondria with fragmented cristae. Moreover, kidney tissues showed markedly higher p53 induction.  Additionally, treatment with melatonin alleviates the nephrotoxicity of AlP by significantly renormalize the Serum enzymatic and biochemical parameters. The biochemical results were supported by histopathological and ultrastructural observations of the kidney. Moreover, inhibition of p53 with melatonin was seen. From these results, it could suggest that the melatonin might be useful for preventing nephrotoxicity caused by aluminum phosphide through ameliorative effects on (especially parameters) biochemical indices, oxidative stress, histological and ultrastructural changes.

Nephroprotective-Effect-of-Melatonin-Against-Aluminium-Phosphide-Induced-Renal-Tissue-Damage-in-Rats-converted-1

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Vol.2 No.12 -1 : The influence of naringenin on lambda-cyhalothrin induced nephrotoxicity in male rats.

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By : Ahmed Mokhtar Abu El-Saad

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the protective role of naringenin (NGN) against biochemical changes induced by lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) in the kidney of male rats. The animals were randomized into four groups (n=7/group). Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 received LCT (6.12 mg/kg bw, via gavage) once per day. Group 3 received NGN (50 mg/kg bw, via gavage), 30 min following LCT (6.12 mg/kg bw, via gavage). Group 4 received NGN (50 mg/kg bw, via gavage) for 21 days. By the end of the experimental period, exposure of rats to LCT, the following indices significantly increased compared with the control: serum levels of creatinine and urea; level of malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and activities of Nitric oxide synthetase (NOS), Cytochrome P-450 (Cyt P-450) in kidney tissues; levels of retinol-binding protein (RBP), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in urine. By contrast a marked drop in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), total sulfhydryl group (TSH) were evident in the kidney tissues of LCT exposed group compared to that of control. Furthermore, a sharp drop in the level of uric acid (UA) was also recorded in urine after LCT exposure. Co-treatment of NGN to the LCT-treated rats restored most of the aforementioned indices to near-normal levels. In conclusion, NGN appeared to be a promising agent for protection against LCT-induced nephrotoxicity.

1_The_influence_of_naringenin_on_lambda-cyhalothrin_induced_nephrotoxicity_in_male_rats
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Vol.2 No.6 -3 : Pomegranate peel Extract Protects Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice.

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By : Amal A. El-Daly

Abstract

Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) is a toxicant heavy metal displays adverse properties in humans creating public health risks. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is widely known as antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study investigated the cadmium induced structural effects in mice and evaluated the beneficial effect of alcoholic extract of P. granatum fruit peel (PPE) to protective CdCl2 nephrotoxicity. Animals were divided into 4 groups; group 1: control, group 2: given 25ml/kg PPE, group 3: given CdCl2 at a dose level of 2mg/kg and group 4: given CdCl2 and PPE. The animals were given the previous treatment daily for 14days. CdCl2 intoxication led to obvious many histopathological alterations in kidney glomeruli accompanied with wide and congested blood vessels, renal tubules missed their distinct form with cytoplasmic vacuolation of their epithelial cells and pyknotic nuclei and leucocytes cells infiltration in the intertubular spaces. On the other hand, the immunohistochemical staining of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions were positive after CdCl2 exposure compared with the control group. Ultrastructure observations revealed thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and fusion of the podocytes foot processes, tubular epithelial cells vacoulation with pyknotic nuclei, perforation and vacoulation of mitochondria, deterioration of endoplasmic reticulum, and increase of lysosomes. CdCl2-exposure accompanied by increased level of serum urea, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as well as significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) besides decreased of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level. In contrast, co-administration of PPE plus CdCl2 ameliorated these parameters around the normal levels. It contributed the improvement by the histological, ultrastructure and decreased Bcl-2 and α smooth muscle protein expression, and kidney function through significant decrease in urea, creatinine and BUN, reduced the level of serum MDA as lipid peroxidation marker and restored the altered antioxidant system activity. It was concluded that Cd induced nephrotoxicity at a dose level 2 mg/kg b.w. in mice. The PPE may be involved in the protection of toxicity displayed by CdCl2 induction attributed to the high antioxidant capacity.

3. Pomegranate peel Extract Protects Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice.
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Vol.2 No.6 -7 : Protective effect of Coenzyme Q10 against gentamicin induced acute renal failure in mice.

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By : Abdel Razik H. Farrag1, Rania A. Ibrahim2, Shimaa N. El-Sayed2

Abstract

Gentamicin is an antibiotic whose clinical use is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an effective antioxidant and used for therapy of a number of diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the possible protective effect of CoQ10 against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Thirty five adult male mice were used in this study and were randomly divided into five groups, each consisting of seven animals as follows: group I: normal control; group II: treated with CoQ10 (30 mg/kg/day, orally for 14 days); group III: treated with gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day, i.p. for 14 days); group IV: treated with CoQ10 and gentamicin for 14 days; group V: treated with gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day) i.p. for 14 days, after that the animals were given CoQ10 (30 mg/kg/day) orally for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected and serum was separated for the estimation of serum creatinine and urea. Then the mice were sacrificed and kidneys were removed for histopathological study. The biochemical results showed that Coenzyme Q10 administration with gentamicin injections significantly decreased serum urea and creatinine when compared with gentamicin group. Light microscopic examination of the renal tissues from gentamicin-treated mice revealed severe histopathological changes, whereas specimens obtained from CoQ10 treated mice revealed only mild changes. Conclusion: It appears that CoQ10 has some protective role against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity.

7. Protective effect of Coenzyme Q10 against gentamicin induced acute renal failure in mice.
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