By: Abrar Mohamed Gamar Mohamed^1,2*,Abdelrahman Hamza Abdelmoneim Hamza^2,3, Hiba Awadelkareem Osman Fadl^4,5, Afra Mohamed Suliman Albkrye⁶, Hadeel Abdelsamea Mohamed Ahmed⁷, Hazem Abdo Mohamed Abubaker⁸ and Sahar Gamal Elbager^9,10

^1*Faculty of Medicine, Al-Zaiem Al-Azhari University, Khartoum, Sudan. abrar.gamer94@gmail.com

²Clinical Immunology Resident, Sudan Medical Specialization Board, Khartoum, Sudan.

³Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan. abduhamza009@gmail.com

⁴Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan. heba2015@hotmail.com

⁵Department of Medical Laboratory, Sudanese Medical Research Association, Khartoum, Sudan.

⁶Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bahri University, Khartoum, Sudan. aframoh2016@bahri.edu.sd

⁷Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan. hadeelabdelsamea@gmail.com

⁸Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. mr.haziem@hotmail.com

⁹Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. saharelbagir@gmail.com

¹⁰Department of Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

Abstract:

Background: Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic myopathy caused by mutations in the Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 gene. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 gene deficiency is one of the most common causes of exercise-induced myopathy. In this study, non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism was analyzed for its functional and structural impact which is deleterious to Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 protein. Methods: The data on human Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1gene was retrieved from the NCBI database on 9 JUNE 2021 and then analyzed using different bioinformatics prediction algorithms, namely: SIFT, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, SNAP2, PANTHER, SNPs and GO, PMut, and I-Mutant to detect the deleterious nsSNPs and its association with diseases. In addition, a Consurf web server was used to detect the functional SNPs in the conserved region. Chimera, Project Hope, and MutPred2 software were used to visualize and analyze the effect of nsSNPs on the functions and structure of the AMPD1 protein. Finally, both the STRING database and KEGG were used for the prediction of protein-protein interaction.  Results: A total of 6178 SNPs were reported in the human AMPD1 gene. In this study 583 missense nsSNPs were selected for investigation and only 72 nsSNPs were shortlisted and computationally evaluated for their impact on AMPD1 protein. From all servers that were used collectively (K320I, R421W, R458C, R458H, R51C, R757L, R761H, and G246S) nsSNPs were predicted as deleterious, associated with disease, highly conserved, and decrease effective stability of AMPD1 protein. In addition, the AMPD1 protein was predicted to have strong interactions with ten proteins involved in various ranges of biological processes.

Conclusion: The present study undertakes a systematic bioinformatics approach to identify functionally important nsSNPs in the human AMPD1 gene to understand how these mutations affect the protein function and structure and hence promote a myoadenylate deaminase deficiency.

In_Silico_approach_for_identification_prediction_of_AMPD1_gene

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