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Vol.3 No.4 – 11: Nephroprotective Effect of Melatonin against Aluminum Phosphide Induced Renal Tissue Damage in Rats

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By: Mohamed SA. El-Gerbed

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damenhour University, Damenhour, Egypt

Abstract

Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a cheap, effective and commonly used agricultural pesticide. The present experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of melatonin against aluminum phosphide -induced renal toxicity in rats. Forty male rats were divided into four groups.  group I: rats maintained as control, group II: rats received melatonin, group III: rats received AlP, group IV: rats received AlP and melatonin with same previous doses. Data showed that AlP “GIII” treatment resulted in a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea level. Also, a markedly significant increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA). On the other hand, the administration of AlP causes a significant decrease in enzymatic antioxidants activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase) in the kidney. The histopathological examination of the kidney of AlP -treated group rats, revealed kidney injury with necrotic changes, enlargement of many glomeruli, tubular dilatation and leukocytic infiltration. Electron micrographs of the renal corpuscle showed obvious signs of injury, focal segmental thickening, and podocyte changes, mesangial cells appeared highly deteriorated. Also, proximal convoluted tubules lining cells revealed tremendous alterations and abnormalities in architectural features, an increasing number of the irregular shape of mitochondria with fragmented cristae. Moreover, kidney tissues showed markedly higher p53 induction.  Additionally, treatment with melatonin alleviates the nephrotoxicity of AlP by significantly renormalize the Serum enzymatic and biochemical parameters. The biochemical results were supported by histopathological and ultrastructural observations of the kidney. Moreover, inhibition of p53 with melatonin was seen. From these results, it could suggest that the melatonin might be useful for preventing nephrotoxicity caused by aluminum phosphide through ameliorative effects on (especially parameters) biochemical indices, oxidative stress, histological and ultrastructural changes.

Nephroprotective-Effect-of-Melatonin-Against-Aluminium-Phosphide-Induced-Renal-Tissue-Damage-in-Rats-converted-1

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Vol.2 No.07 -5 : Melatonin counteracts age-related progression of oxidative stress in young Down syndrome patients.

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By : Mohamed E. Abdraboh1*, Mohamed A. El missiry1, Azza I Othman1,Faeza A. El-Dahtory2, Nissren Khafaga1

Abstract

Melatonin (MLT) is a pineal gland hormone known for its potent antioxidant effect associated with neural protection. The presence of three copies of the SOD gene is considered to be the main cause of oxidative stress-dependent neural degeneration and dementia that Down syndrome (DS) patients may suffer from. In this study we aim to assess a possible protective effect of MLTagainst the age-related progression of oxidative stress-induced damage in lymphocytes of DS patients. Lymphocytes from infants with DS were treated with mitomycin C (an H2O2 promoter) in order to mimic the oxidative stress status of aged patients in presence and absence of MLT. The data indicated a significant effect of MLT in downregulating the levels of the oxidative radicalsH2O2 and NO compared to untreated DS patients’ lymphocytes. This downregulation was accompanied by a profound effect of MLT in reducing the number of oxidative stress-dependent damaged chromosomes, along with a reduction in cell apoptosis and DNA protection in the p53 dependent pathway. These observations suggest that early administration of exogenous MLT in young DS patients may help in gaining control over growth-related progression of mental retardation, or at least delaying the onset of DS-related pathological complications.

5_Melatonin_counteracts_age-related_progression_of_oxidative_stress_in_young_Down_syndrome_patients
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Vol.1 No.6 -3 : Comparison between the ameliorative potentials of canagliflozin and metformin on the testicular damage in diabetic rats .

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By : Margit Semmler1, Abdel-Baset M. Aref2

Abstract

To evaluate the Renoprotective efficacy of melatonin against long term exposure induced changes of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), cell proliferation and DNA synthesis was determined in the epithelial cells of cortical and medullary renal tubules in female and male mice applying quantitative autoradiographic analysis and using 3H thymidine as a radioactive label. A total of 30 male and female adult albino mice were divided into 3 groups, each of 10 individuals: control (group C), DMBA exposed (group D) and DMBA/melatonin exposed (group D+M) mice. In female mice, long term exposure for 150 days to a single injection of DMBA (10mg/ 100g b.w.) stimulated the incorporation rate of 3H thymidine into the epithelium of cortical renal tubules by 6774% compared to control. The number of grains over labeled nuclei was reduced by 57.1%. Daily injected with melatonin (100 g/ 100g b.w.) during the last 60 days of exposure to a single dose of DMBA attenuated cell division rate of the epithelial cells by 80% compared to group D, but remained 1275% higher than that of group C. The mean grain count over labeled nuclei was increased by 59.5% compared to group D, but remained 31.5% lower than that of control. In medullary portion of the renal tubules, DMBA induced changes were less pronounced than that in the cortical area. The cell division was stimulated by 833% compared to control and remained 8.1x lower than the percentage increase in the cortical part. The mean grain count over labeled nuclei was reduced by 40.4% compared to group C. Daily injected with melatonin (100 g/ 100g b.w.) during the last 60 days of exposure to a single dose of DMBA reduced the mitotic cell division by 83.9% compared to group D and thereby showing a similar effect as in the cortical part of the renal tubules. Compared to group C, the 3H labeling index remained 50% higher. In the cortical portion, the comparable value was 1275% higher than that of control. The mean grain count over labeled nuclei was increased by 26.2% compared to group D and remained 24.8% lower than in group C.

3. Comparison between the ameliorative potentials of canagliflozin and metformin on the testicular damage in diabetic rats .
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Vol.1 No.6 -5 : The renoprotective efficacy of melatonin against dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced changes after long term exposure in Mice.

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By : Margit Semmler1, Abdel-Baset M. Aref2

Abstract

To evaluate the Renoprotective efficacy of melatonin against long term exposure induced changes of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), cell proliferation and DNA synthesis was determined in the epithelial cells of cortical and medullary renal tubules in female and male mice applying quantitative autoradiographic analysis and using 3H thymidine as a radioactive label. A total of 30 male and female adult albino mice were divided into 3 groups, each of 10 individuals: control (group C), DMBA exposed (group D) and DMBA/melatonin exposed (group D+M) mice. In female mice, long term exposure for 150 days to a single injection of DMBA (10mg/ 100g b.w.) stimulated the incorporation rate of 3H thymidine into the epithelium of cortical renal tubules by 6774% compared to control. The number of grains over labeled nuclei was reduced by 57.1%. Daily injected with melatonin (100 g/ 100g b.w.) during the last 60 days of exposure to a single dose of DMBA attenuated cell division rate of the epithelial cells by 80% compared to group D, but remained 1275% higher than that of group C. The mean grain count over labeled nuclei was increased by 59.5% compared to group D, but remained 31.5% lower than that of control. In medullary portion of the renal tubules, DMBA induced changes were less pronounced than that in the cortical area. The cell division was stimulated by 833% compared to control and remained 8.1x lower than the percentage increase in the cortical part. The mean grain count over labeled nuclei was reduced by 40.4% compared to group C. Daily injected with melatonin (100 g/ 100g b.w.) during the last 60 days of exposure to a single dose of DMBA reduced the mitotic cell division by 83.9% compared to group D and thereby showing a similar effect as in the cortical part of the renal tubules. Compared to group C, the 3H labeling index remained 50% higher. In the cortical portion, the comparable value was 1275% higher than that of control. The mean grain count over labeled nuclei was increased by 26.2% compared to group D and remained 24.8% lower than in group C.

anthracene induced changes after long term exposure in Mice.”]
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Vol.1 No.3 -5 : Preventive effect of melatonin against dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced changes in renal tubules of Mice an Autoradiographic Study.

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By : Margit Semmler1, Abdel-Baset M. Aref2

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate the possible preventive effect of melatonin against dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in epithelial cells of cortical and medullary renal tubules in mice applying the method of quantitative autoradiography. Exposure to a single injection of DMBA (10mg/ 100g b.w.) and examined after 60 days revealed different changes in cell proliferation in the two portions of the tubules. In males, the mean values raised by 388% and 363% for cortical and medullary renal tubules respectively compared to control. The mean grain count over labelled nuclei was reduced 51% and 35.2% respectively for the two portions of the renal tubules. In females the cell division was stimulated by 125% in the cortical tubules and whereas in the medullary portion it remained nearly unchanged compared to control. In males, the mean grain count over labelled nuclei was lower by 47.6% in cortical renal tubules and by 67.3% in medullary renal tubules. In females, the mean grain count over labelled nuclei was in both portions reduced by about 60%. Long term exposure to a single injection of DMBA for 120 days increased the cell proliferation in males and females in both portions of the renal tubules. A daily melatonin injection (100 μg/ 100g b.w.) for 60 and 120 days proliferation rate by 79.8% and 83.9% respectively in males for the two portions, while the mean grain count over labelled nuclei was lower by 20% and 39% respectively. In females melatonin attenuated cell proliferation by 67% and 43% in cortical and medullary respectively compared to the DMBA exposed group. and reached thereby the level of control. The grain counts over labelled nuclei were reduced identically by 105% in cortical and medullary renal tubules, but remained still 20% under that of control.

5. Preventive effect of melatonin against dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced changes in renal tubules of Mice an Autoradiographic Study.
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