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Vol.3 No.2 – 2 :Protective effect of Zamzam water against kidneys damage induced in male rats: Immunehistochemistry evidence

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By :Abbas Ch. Mraisel, Anas S.Abu ali & Inas,I.Waheeb

Abstract

Aim of study: The study was performed to investigate the role of Zamzam water (ZW) as antioxidant against histological changes that occurring in renal damage induced by n-hexane intoxication in rats by using immunohistochemical technique.

Method: The experiment was carried out at Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. A total of 20 male albino rats weighing 150-170g were obtained from the animal house of the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University. The rats were divided to four groups (5 rats in each cage). Control group were fed basal diet and given tap water (100ml/cage) daily for ten days. In group two the rats were given (n-hexan 300uL/kg .B.W) mixed with (0.5 ml) corn oil to each rat for last five days of experimental. Group three the rats were given (100ml/cage) of Zamzam water as drinking water daily for ten days. Group four the rats were given (100ml/cage ) of Zamzam water for five days , after that given n-hexan 300uL/kg .B.W) mixed with (0.5 ml) corn oil last five days of experimental with continuous given Zamzam water . Kidney tissues of each rat were immediately removed and after weighted put into 10% neutral buffer formalin as a fixative solution. Ki-67 or P53 receptor subunits were examined in deparaffinized sections (5 µm) using an Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase (ABC) immunohistochemical method.

The results: The results observed significantly increase in the weight of the kidneys in the group treated with n-hexane in compared with control group, also relative decrease in weight of the kidneys in the group co-treatment with zamzam water and n-hexane. The detection and distribution of PCNA immunoreactivity (PCNA-ir) in the kidney sections in the different groups under study were observed. Faint positive reaction for PCNA-ir in the kidney sections in control and Zamzam water group, Strong positive reactions for PCNA-ir were detected in n-Hexane group, while a moderate positive reaction for PCNA-ir in the kidney sections with pre -treatment Zamzam water revealed normal structure of malpighian capsule and renal tubules with moderate degeneration of epithelia cell.  Conclusions: Exposure to n- hexane showed higher toxic effect with severe kidney damage and treatment with zamzam water alone improved the antioxidant status of rats and could be useful as antioxidant against environmental stress induced by toxic chemicals.

Vol.3 No.2 - 2

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Vol3 No.2 -1 :Prevention of Etoposide induced kidney toxicity, electrolytes, injury and KI67 alternations in male rats treated with star anise

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By :Ali Salman Hassan Al-Ameri

Abstract

Star anise (Illicium verum) has been used in folk medicine of China, India, and most other Asian countries to treat stomach aches, vomiting, insomnia, dermal inflammation and rheumatic pain as well as a common spice usage. The present study was designed to investigate the possible ameliorating effect of star anise fruit extract against Etoposideinduced nephrotoxicity in rats to prove the evidence of its traditional pharmacological effectiveness. A total of 40 male Wister albino rats were divided randomly into four groups (1st group was control; 2nd group was treated with star anise, 3rd group was received Etoposide, and 4th group was treated with both star anise and Etoposide. The administration of Etoposide significantly caused elevation in creatinine, blood urea, sodium, potassium and chloride while calcium ions was significantly decrease when compared with control group. Co-treated rat with star anise and Etoposide maintained the levels of the measured some parameters (creatinine, chloride and calcium ions) closer to the normal values while urea, sodium and potassium ions were significantly decrease when compared with Etoposide group. Histopathological evidence, together with observed Ki67-ir, supported the detrimental effect of Etoposide and the ameliorating effect of star anise water extract on renal toxicity. Finally, it could be concluded that star anise has a promising role and it worth to be considered as a natural substance for ameliorating the renal toxicity and injury induced by Etoposide chemotherapy.

2017 JBSAR Ali Alameri

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Vol.2 No.12 -4 : Effects of propolis on histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations in testes of thyroidectomized rat.

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By : Ezar Hafez

Abstract

The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and its prohormone, thyroxine, are secreted by the thyroid gland which are responsible for the regulation of metabolism in all body tissues. This work aimed to study the histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical changes in the adult rat testes after thyroidectomy, in addition to the role of propolis in reducing these changes. Twenty five male Wistar rats were assigned randomly into equal (5) groups; control, sham operated, shamed propolis, thyroidectomized, thyroidectomy treated with propolis. Levels in compare to control the thyroidectomized rats showed significantly decrease in serum T3 and increase in TSH levels. Degeneration and increase in the seminiferous tubules lumen also noticed. Immunohistochemical results showed a remarkable reduction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in spermatogonia of thyroidectomized rat testes as compared with control group. The results revealed that, propolis has an ameroliating role on thyroidectomized rats testes by decreasing damage.

4_Effects_of_propolis_on_histopathological_and_immunohistochemical_alterations_in_testes_of_thyroidectomized_rat
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Vol.2 No.6 -3 : Pomegranate peel Extract Protects Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice.

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By : Amal A. El-Daly

Abstract

Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) is a toxicant heavy metal displays adverse properties in humans creating public health risks. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is widely known as antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study investigated the cadmium induced structural effects in mice and evaluated the beneficial effect of alcoholic extract of P. granatum fruit peel (PPE) to protective CdCl2 nephrotoxicity. Animals were divided into 4 groups; group 1: control, group 2: given 25ml/kg PPE, group 3: given CdCl2 at a dose level of 2mg/kg and group 4: given CdCl2 and PPE. The animals were given the previous treatment daily for 14days. CdCl2 intoxication led to obvious many histopathological alterations in kidney glomeruli accompanied with wide and congested blood vessels, renal tubules missed their distinct form with cytoplasmic vacuolation of their epithelial cells and pyknotic nuclei and leucocytes cells infiltration in the intertubular spaces. On the other hand, the immunohistochemical staining of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions were positive after CdCl2 exposure compared with the control group. Ultrastructure observations revealed thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and fusion of the podocytes foot processes, tubular epithelial cells vacoulation with pyknotic nuclei, perforation and vacoulation of mitochondria, deterioration of endoplasmic reticulum, and increase of lysosomes. CdCl2-exposure accompanied by increased level of serum urea, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as well as significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) besides decreased of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level. In contrast, co-administration of PPE plus CdCl2 ameliorated these parameters around the normal levels. It contributed the improvement by the histological, ultrastructure and decreased Bcl-2 and α smooth muscle protein expression, and kidney function through significant decrease in urea, creatinine and BUN, reduced the level of serum MDA as lipid peroxidation marker and restored the altered antioxidant system activity. It was concluded that Cd induced nephrotoxicity at a dose level 2 mg/kg b.w. in mice. The PPE may be involved in the protection of toxicity displayed by CdCl2 induction attributed to the high antioxidant capacity.

3. Pomegranate peel Extract Protects Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice.
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Vol.2 No.6 -4 : Intestinal Form of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease in Growing Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

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By : Abou-Shafey A. E*1; Metwally A. Y2; Massoud. A. A1; Barakat M. E3. and Elwan M. M1

Abstract

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD) is extremely acute highly fatal, contagious disease with mortality rates of 80-90% of the infected rabbits. RHD causes hepatic, intestinal and lymphoid necrosis with massive terminal intravascular coagulopathy. The etiological agent is a member of caliciviridae lagovirus, Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV); it is a single stranded RNA, non-enveloped and replicates in the cytoplasm. In pathogenesis studies, the primary sites of replication were in the small intestinal crypt and villous epithelium, hepatocytes and splenic lymphocytes. Apoptosis (programmed cell death) has been reported as being a constant feature of the pathogenesis of RHD. This work was planned to study the lesions associated with RHDV in small intestine at different intervals. Eighteen growing New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) aged 2-3 months allotted into two equal groups: control group (non infected) and infected group in which rabbits were experimentally inoculated with rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) through the nostril. All animals were dissected at 24, 48 and 72 hrs post infection. Histopathological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies were done for small intestine.
Macroscopic lesions in infected grower rabbits were consistent with RHD infection including congestion and haemorrhages of lung, liver necrosis and splenomegaly. Moreover, congestion of small intestine with multiple focal necrotic spots appeared from serosa and mucosa of intestine. Histopathological findings of the small intestine 24 hrs post infection (pi) showing necrosis of the crypts and villi atrophy, at 48 hrs pi shortening of villi and severe lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria were seen. 72 hrs pi showing severe atrophy and destruction of both villi and crypts. Immunohistochemical labeling for RHDV antigen on small intestine at different intervals 24, 48 and 72 hrs pi showed that epithelial cells and areas of focal necrosis exhibit strong immunolabeling in the intestinal villi where reactivity increases progressively. Serum biochemistry revealed highly significant increase in AST, ALT, urea and creatinine. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of the macroscopic lesions of small intestine in RHDV infected rabbits.

4. Intestinal Form of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease in Growing Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
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