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Vol.9 No.3-5:Antifungal activity of essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum on Rhynchosporium secalis, the causal agent of barley Scald

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By: Naima Essouaadi1,2, Aicha El aissami3, , Abduladeem G.M.Al-Selwi4, Sanae Karim3, Mustapha Labhilili2, Houda Khalifi 1, Soukaina Hamoumi 1, Mohamed Benchacho1 andFatiha Bentata2*

1 Botanical laboratory, biotechnology and protection of plants, university of Science Kénitra Morocco

2Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Unit, Institute of Agricultural Research Rabat Morocco

3 Botanical laboratory, biotechnology and protection of plants, University of Science of Rabat –       Morocco

4Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat-Morocco

Abstract

Scald caused by Rhynchosporium secalis is one of the most devastating barley foliar diseases worldwide. Morocco has not been spared from this scourge. Our research focused on the antifungal effects of clove essential oil. Essential oils are extracted from the flower buds of aromatic plants using hydrodistillation. According to this study, the obtained extraction rate (9.07%) is quite satisfactory, making the plant a valuable natural resource. The aroma essential oil was identified by gas chromatography, and its main component was eugenol with a content of more than 52%, followed by eugenol acetate (25.94%), caryophyllene (7.845%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.74%). Two R. secalis isolates were tested for antibacterial efficacy. For the two isolates (Rs1 and Rs2) at a low concentration of 0.4 µl/ml, complete inhibition was observed under the action of S. aromaticum essential oil. According to our results, the essential oil has an antifungal effect on Scald.

Antifungal-activity-of-essential-oil-of-Syzygium-aromaticum-on-Rhynchosporium-secalis-the-causal-agent-of-barley-Scald

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Vol.6 No.3 – 8: Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation and chemical Composition of Gum Isolated from Fenugreek Seeds

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By: Bushra B. G. Al-Shamari, Rawdhah M. A. Al-Ali, and Ali A. S. Al-Sahi

Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq

Abstract

The present study aimed to extract the gum from fenugreek seed and studying the chemical composition, the preliminary phytochemical, and the flow properties. The extraction was conducted under different conditions (temperature, soaking period, and mixing ratios of seeds: water).  The highest yield was of the fenugreek gum was 30.44% around 1:25w/v at 40 Cº for 4 h.  Preliminary qualitative chemical test for gum shows the presence of carbohydrate, protein, amino acids, fixed oil, fats, and Ruthenium red while Arabic gum and Acacia showed that carbohydrates were only found, the fenugreek gum had 9.4 % moisture, 2.3 % ash, 2.49% protein and 0.9% fat. The total polysaccharide content of isolated gum was determined spectrophotometrically using the phenol–sulphuric acid method. The total polysaccharide content was 84.75%. Arabic gum and Acacia had 5.44, 5.56 % moisture, 3.74, 2.975% Ash, 0.0% protein, 0.0% fat and 90.80, 91.25% carbohydrates. The gum showed good flow properties it has good viscosity of 72.40 CP compared to the Arabic gum  and Acacia 9.1, 9.61 CP higher concentration of NaCl and CaCl caused a larger decrease in viscosity, increasing or decreasing the pH and temperature led to the decrease of viscosity, and micrometric properties such bulk density, tapped density, Hausner’s ratio, Carr’s index, particle size and Angle of repose Bulk density was found to be 0.37 g/ml, tapped density was 0.58 g/ml, Carr’s index  was 36.20%, Hausner’s ratio 1.56 and Angle of repose was found to be 34.02.

Preliminary-phytochemical-Evaluation-and-chemical-composition-of-gum-converted

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