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Vol.6 No.5 – 2:Effect of seawater and salicylic acid on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the embryonic callus tissue of the date palm plant (Phoenix dactilylfera L.) cultivar Barhi cultivated ex vivo

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By: Abdalamir Rahim Ebed1 and Khayon Ali Mohsin2

1. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq

2. Palm Research center, University of Basrah, Iraq

Abstract

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Palm Research Center of the University of Basrah. The study studied the effect of different concentrations of seawater (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) and different concentrations of Salicylic acid (0, 50, and 100 mg / L) (MS) with a concentration of 4.6 g / l to add some amino acids and some vitamins and use of NAA at a concentration of 10 mg / L and  2,4.D at a concentration of 20 mg / L. The results of the study showed that increased seawater in the medium increased In the concentration of amino acid proline and phenols and significantly reduced In the total carbohydrate either increased the concentration of salicylic acid has led to a significant increase in total carbohydrates and phenols and significantly reduced in the amino acid proline. As for the effect of seawater on the actual antioxidant enzymes, the results of the present study showed that its increased concentration in the medium resulted in a significant increase in the effectiveness of SOD, CAT, and APX enzymes and significantly reduced the effect of enzymes (PO and GR) salicylic acid increased in the medium to a significant increase in all enzymes studied.  

تاثير ماء البحر وحامض السالسليك في فعالية الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة-converted

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Vol.2 No.12 -6 : Effect of fast neutrons-irradiated diets on liver structure and function of male albino rats

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By : Samir A. Nassar , Mahmoud R. Mahmoud , Magda S. Hanafy and Hagar A. Khalaf

Abstract

Presently, there is a growing need for the technology of food irradiation since it provides an effective process in food preservation and quality improvement . Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the effects of fast neutron- irradiated wheat grains on the structure and function of the liver of albino rats. . Rats were categorized into two main groups (G1 & G2 ) ,40 animals for each. Each group was subdivided equally to four subgroups ( A,B,C&D for G1 and AA,BB,CC&DD for G2). A and AA served as control animals for G1 and G2 respectively and given non-irradiated diets ,while B,C&D were given irradiated diets at three different fluencies of fast neutrons;4.3×105 ,2.0×106 and 1.4×107 n/Cm2 respectively .But ,BB,CC and DD were given a diet of irradiated wheat of the second generation ( harvested from cultivation of the irradiated grains of the first generation ) at the same previous fluencies. Serum albumin and total protein, biochemical markers of liver function ( ALP, ALT and AST ) and the histopathological alterations of liver would be tested. Rresults of the present work highlight the detectable effect of irradiated wheat grains by the moderate ( 106 ) and the highest ( 107 ) fluencies of fast neutrons on albumin and total protein concentrations ( as indices of liver synthetic capacity). However the lowest (105) fluency exerted no detectable effect. The application of feeding with grains of the 2nd. generation on G2 experimental subgroups ( BB, CC & DD ) recorded a slight increase did not approaching a significant value ( p > 0.05 ) concerning albumin and total protein levels, in all treated animals Concerning the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) and transaminases ( ALT & AST ) , they recorded minor fluctuations between the positive and negative range in the exposed animals of both groups ( G1 & G2) as compared to controls . But , these little differences did not approaching a significant record except for ALP inBB subgroup of G2 . On histopathological examination of liver tissue , sporadic spontaneous lesions , known to occur in rats , were the only findings , with no specific relation to the studied stress factor .Therefore , it can be concluded that fast neutron-irradiated diets does not cause changes of any toxicological significance in experimental animals , at the conditions of the current experiment , in spite of minor changes in biochemical parameters . But , it is necessary to demonstrate the safety of radiationprocessed food in case of human consumption.

6. Effect of fast neutrons-irradiated diets on liver structure and function of male albino rats

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Vol.1 No.3 -6 : Toxic effects of some pesticides on the enzymatic activities and spermatogenesis of the land snail Monacha cantiana.

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By : Sharaf, H.M.*,Abd El-Atti M.S. and Salama, M.A.

Abstract

Laboratory studies have been carried out on the toxic effects of three different pesticides namely, Diazinon, Lambdacyhalothrin and Methomyl as poisonous baits against the land snail, Monacha cantiana. The activities of five vital tissue enzymes, as Catalase (CAT), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Aspartate transaminase (AST). Alanine transaminase(ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were examined after exposure of these snails to LC50 (5ppm) of the tested pesticides for 96hr. Results showed clearly that all sublethal concentrations of tested pesticides lead to a significant increase in the activities of the enzymatic levels within tissues of treated snails. On the other hand, LC25 (2.5 ppm) of Diazinon was found to produce severe histopathological alterations in the hermaphrodite gland of M. cantiana, including, deterioration in germinal epithelium of the acini spermatocytes as well as reduction in numbers of sperms which are inhibited to develop to the late stages of maturity.

6. Toxic effects of some pesticides on the enzymatic activities and spermatogenesis of the land snail Monacha cantiana.

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