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Vol.4 No.2 – 3 : Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae) associated with human corpses in Alexandria, Egypt

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By : Tarek I. Tantawi , Ibrahim E. El-Shenawy , Hoda F. Abd El-Salam , Somia A. Madkour , Nevine M. Mahany

 

Abstract

During the period from 20 May 2000 to 8 May 2002, 15 human corpses found in different seasons and habitats in Alexandria, Egypt were investigated for insect evidence. The aim of the present study was to identify and record the different species of flies infesting the corpses to establish a database for the potential use of insects as forensic indicators in Alexandria. Insect collecting was performed during autopsy at El-Esaaf Morgue, Kom El-Deka, Alexandria. All the corpses examined were enrolled in death investigations. Larvae of six fly species belonging to three families were collected from the corpses; Calliphora vicina, Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala, and Lucilia sericata (Calliphoridae); Sarcophaga argyrostoma (Sarcophagidae); and Muscina stabulans (Muscidae). These fly species were the initial colonizers of the corpses and, hence, are important in minimum postmortem interval estimates in Alexandria. Larvae of Calliphoridae were the most common and abundant insects, collected from 86.66% of the corpses and infested corpses in all seasons and habitats. Chr. albiceps was the most common species, invading 73.33% of the corpses of which 33.33% of infestations were found in urban, indoor situations. Outdoor infestations of corpses by this species accounted for 40%. Larvae of Chr. albiceps were collected from corpses in all seasons and were found to monopolize six corpses. Chr. megacephala, L. sericata, and S. argyrostoma were able to invade each 20% of the corpses where they acted as primary flies. S. argyrostoma was found to be a highly indicative species to corpses found in urban, indoor habitats during the warmer seasons. Three cases of forensic entomology interest are presented and discussed.

Flies (Diptera) vol4 issue 2

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Vol.3 No.4 – 10 :Morphological and molecular characterization of some olive (Olea europaea) cultivars in El-Arish, Egypt

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BY: Amina Abdel Hamid Mohamed 1*, Mohamed A. Nagaty 2,  Manal M. S. El-Baghdady1  , Khaled H. Radwan 1, 3

1 Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza -12619, Egypt.

2 Plant Production Department, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt.

3 National Biotechnology Network for Expertise- Egypt.

Abstract

Morphological characters, along with three different random PCR based markers, (ISSR, SCoT and RAMP) were used to characterize and to assess the genetic diversity among the main nine olive cultivars in El-Arish, Egypt. Analyses of 16 morphological characters revealed the existence of a recorded genetic variability among the studied cultivars. Moreover, 12 ISSR primers, 13 SCoT primers and 11 RAMP primer combinations (PCs) produced 197, 242 and 172 of total loc with 163, 236 and 140 of them being polymorphic respectively. Average polymorphism information content (PIC value) of 0.26, 0.31 and 0.26 detected for ISSR, SCoT and RAMP markers respectively.  Based on morphological and the selected molecular markers, the nine olive cultivars were grouped in two distinct clusters. The highest genetic similarity observed was that between Teffahi and Ageezi, while the least similarity was that recorded between Ageezi Shami and Koroneiki.

The tested marker systems would serve as a complementary tool to provide a more complete understanding of the diversity available in olive populations in Egypt.

Morphological-and-molecular-characterization-of-some-olive-Olea-europaea-cultivars-in-El-_Arish-Egypt-converted

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Vol.3 No.4 – 6: Schistosomiasis haematobium Prevalence and Risk factors in EL-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt

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By : Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Ahmed A. Yameny (Email: dr.ahmedyameny@yahoo.com)

Abstract

Schistosoma haematobium infection is an important water-borne disease in Egypt, its prevalence decreased to less than 0.2 % (2016). There are more than 300 villages in Egypt with a prevalence of more than 3%, especially among school children, Which require prolonged treatment and continuous examinations, The Ministry of Health and Population in Egypt has announced the start of a campaign to confirm the final elimination of schistosomiasis by 2020, this study was conducted to detect the prevalence of  Schistosoma haematobium and risk factors among 1000 patients attending Ministry of Health Laboratory Centers, in El-Fayoum Governorate by microscopic examination in rural and urban areas, the prevalence among study patients was 7.9%, an interview questionnaire was designed to obtain demographic data and risk factors, such as residential status, age,  water contact activity, occupation, and education level, the higher percentage of infection was 10.3% among 11-21 years group, infection among males was higher than that among females (9.0% vs.6. 8% respectively). The percentage of infection was 11.2 % for rural residence compared to 2.4% for urban residence, regarding occupation the higher percentage of infection was 27.6% among farmers and /or fishermen. According to contact with canal water, the percentage of infection among those who had water contact was 16.9% and only 0.9% for people with no water contact. This study, therefore, recommended that a schistosomiasis control program in these infected areas should be done to educate the population on risk factors that predispose an individual to urinary schistosomiasis and the need for proper control of snails the intermediate host besides treatment of infected people.

<strong>Schistosomiasis-haematobium-Prevalence-and-Risk-factors-converted</strong>

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Vol.3 No.4 – 3: Clinical and microbiological efficacy of medicinal maggots in the treatment of pressure ulcers in Egypt

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By : Tarek I. Tantawi, Yousry M. Gohar, Soheir G. William, Mamdouh M. Kotb, Nesreen A. Abou Zeid

Abstract

Pressure ulcers are a significant public health problem, especially for patients in long term care facilities. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of maggot therapy in the treatment of pressure ulcers. The study was conducted on 14 bed-bound patients with 14 pressure ulcers at Alexandria Main University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt. The blow fly Lucilia sericata was used for maggot therapy. Each ulcer was treated by one maggot cycle of 3 days per week. The ulcers were investigated weekly for changes in their size, the size of necrotic tissue, and the bacterial burden before and after each maggot cycle. Of the 14 ulcers treated with maggot therapy, three ulcers were completely debrided of which one ulcer needed only one cycle and two ulcers were debrided by two cycles. Nine ulcers had > 50% of their size occupied by a red healthy granulation tissue during a mean period of 2.14 weeks. The mean of initial bacterial burden of ulcers was significantly decreased from 4.86 ´ 108 CFU/ml exudate to 1.92 ´ 104 CFU/ml exudate (p=0.01814) below the 105 threshold of natural healing after the first maggot cycle. The clinical and microbiological outcomes demonstrate that maggot therapy is a rapid, simple, efficient, and cost-effective tool for treating pressure ulcers which do not respond to conventional treatment and surgical intervention.

Tantawi MT NEW MS

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Vol.2 No.12 – 7 : Evaluation of Health Centers Laboratory Results for Schistosoma haematobium Infection in El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt

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By : Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Ahmed A. Yameny (Email: dr.ahmedyameny@yahoo.com)

Abstract

Background : Logically ,successful treatment requires correct diagnosis based on the accuracy , reproducibility, and interpretability of investigations and examinations. The mission of health laboratory services is to provide high quality services in the right place and at the right time in respect of the needs of patients, the community  health staff including not only clinicians but also epidemiologist and environmental sanitarians. Quality is the degree to which care services influence the probability of optimal patient outcomes .” American Medical Association, 1991. Quality is never an accident . Research objective : To assess the quality of results presented  by health centers laboratories, for diagnosis of  S.haematobium in El-Fayoum Governorate. Subjects and methods: Across -sectional study was carried . This study was carried out in Ministry of  Health Laboratory Centers,in  El- Fayoum Governorate. A list of health centers was obtained from Ministry of Health (MOH). Ten Health Laboratories  were included in this study : Two central laboratories (Control Laboratory and Evaluation Laboratory)  and eight laboratories in eight  centers were chosen randomly from the list , from each laboratory 100 random urine samples were obtained and total sample size was 1000 urine samples . Results: In all centers the number of positive cases were lower than that detected by the study except in lab.1(El-Hadka health centerlaboratory), it detect one false positive case. The case was had a red blood cells in urine.And lab. No.9,(El-Sadeek primary school laboratory), there was no positive cases either by the researcher or the health center laboratories, and the total percentage of positive cases detected by health center laboratories was 67.1 % in relation to that detected by researcher.
Conclusion and recommendations : In all health centers laboratories the number of positive cases were lower than that detected by the researcher, and the total percentage of positive cases detected by health center laboratories was 67.1 % in relation to that detected by researcher. So using of Nuclepore membrane filteration technique is important for diagnosis of S.haematobium and continuous training for health centre laboratories staff is very important.

Evaluation of Health Centers Laboratory Results for Schistosoma haematobium Infection in El-converted

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Vol.2 No.5 -3 : Heavy Metal Analysis in Some Water Types from Egypt and Saudi Arabia, and Future Aspirations of Water Resources Management.

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By : Ahmed M. El-Naggar

Abstract

A comparative evaluation of the heavy metals Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper and Zinc in versatile water resources in Egypt and Saudi Arabia was conducted during the summer of 2015. All the studied water brands contained markedly scarce amounts of Arsenic, which was under the limit of detection. Chromium was also found to be under the limit of detection in Baraka, Nestle Pure Life, Hayat, Aman Siwa and Siwa from the water market at Mansoura (Egypt). Similar finding was recorded for Cadmium in Aman Siwa and Lead in Hayat, Aman Siwa and Siwa water brands. The highest levels of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead and Zinc were recorded in Baraka, Aquafina, Dasani, Safi and Aquafina water brands, respectively. However, the lowest amounts of these metals were detected in Siwa, Safi, Safi, Nestle Pure Life and Aman Siwa, respectively. Ablution water showed undesirable amounts of Zinc (0.25 ppm). Street coolers recorded relatively low amounts of Chromium (0.09 ppm) and Zinc (0.10 ppm). Zamzam water was free of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc, however it recorded low amounts of Copper (0.004 ppm) and undesirable levels of Chromium (0.13 ppm). The level of Chromium detected in the purified River Nile’s water was 0.125 in the tap water and 0.110 ppm in vending machines. On the other hand, the amounts of Zinc were 0.085 and 0.546 ppm in the two water brands, respectively. The heavy metal analysis provided insight into the quality of water sources under investigation. The study discussed the effects of heavy metals on the human health and their effects on the community health in the long term. The study reviewed future aspirations for the management of water resources in Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

3. Heavy Metal Analysis in Some Water Types from Egypt and Saudi Arabia, and Future Aspirations of Water Resources Management.

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