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Vol.6 No.4 – 3: A Theory of Biodiversity and Gene Evolution

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By: Sobhy E. Hassab El-Nabi

Zoology Department – Faculty of Science Menufia University- Egypt

Abstract

The statement of theory: {Evolution of organisms and biodiversity depends mainly on gene evolution through the appearance of novel genes. Biodiversity results from the DNA modifications induced by visible and non-visible environmental effects, the variation of gene expression, stresses, mutation, and invasion of genetic materials. Each individual belongs to the same species of living organisms has its own identity of DNA fingerprint}. The principles of theory: Gene evolution depends mainly on gene duplication, a variety of environmental conditions, mutation, transposable elements, horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Also, de nove genes originated from non-coding DNA which mainly comes from retroviruses, exosome, micro-RNA, and invader nucleic acids from viruses, bacteria, or any parasite. Similarity and variations are the principles of life. In the same species, the similarity is produced from coding DNA while, individual variations arise from non-coding DNA. Aim and applications of theory: The main prediction of this theory is not only each individual of human beings have his unique DNA fingerprint, but also any individual in the same species has also a unique identity in DNA fingerprint. Any living organism acquires genetic materials through their intimate contacts with other organisms and environmental DNA. If the acquired genetic material reaches germ cells, it could transfer to the next generation giving new traits. Viruses are considered the main source of genetic transformation in all living organisms. The genomic materials of some viruses could integrate inside the human genome like hepatitis B and HIV. The human genome has about 5 % viral genetic material, especially from retroviruses. This theory could explain the appearance of new individuals according to the transfer of genetic materials during intimate contact between different species and support many researchers who discovered new species. Also, this theory may explain and will answer different questions; why husband and wife after some time, nearly acquire some similarities? Why people in the same geographical area nearly have a similar pattern? Why don’t siblings match their DNA fingerprint? Also, it explains the host-parasite relationship depending upon the transfer of DNA and RNA in between.

A-Theory-of-Biodiversity-and-Gene-Evolution-converted.

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Vol.2 No.10 -1 : Effect of anti-sca-1+ on diabetic rat histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical evaluation.

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By : Bahgat El-Fiky , Saber A. Sakr , Sobhy Hassab El Nabi , Mona El Gawish , Asmaa Uonis and Ahmed EL Kattan.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of metabolic dysregulation most notable glucose metabolism accompanied by long term complications. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential effect of Anti-Sca-1+ stem cells on type 1 diabetes induced in albino rats. The study was carried on 7 male and 24 female Albino rats (150 ± 5g). The female albino rats were divided into three main groups: normal control, diabetic group and diabetic rats treated by Anti-Sca-1+. Induction of diabetic rats was carried out by single dose injection of fasting rats for 48 h with a diluted solution of 40 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate (2%) in freshly prepared saline solution. Diabetic rats treated group was slaughtered into two phases; the first phase after 15 days of treatment, and the second phase after 30 days of treatment. Tissue samples were separated and kept in absolute 10% formalin solution for histological and immunohistochemical studies. SRY gene expression and biochemical study of glucose tolerance, c-peptide, insulin, glycated hemoglobin and glucose transporter 2 was evaluated. The results showed that, treatment of diabetic rats, with derivative bone marrow (Anti-Sca-1+) could greatly ameliorate glucose, insulin, c-peptide, HbA1c and glut2, Hafter 15 and 30 days of treatment, as compared to normal control group and these were confirmed by histological and immunological investigations, which indicate significant progress in the pancreas tissue, by marked significant increase of pancreatic islets size and improvement in the acinar cells after 30 days of treatment by Anti-Sca-1+.

1_Effect_of_anti-sca-1_on_diabetic_rat_histological__immunohistochemical_and_biochemical_evaluation

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Vol.2 No.07 -9 : Molecular and cytochemical comparative assessment between the two food additives,sunset yellow and curcumin-induce testicular toxicity in mice.

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By : Mohamed A. Ismail

Abstract

The present work was planned to study the effects of E110 (sunset yellow) as a common synthetic in Egypt and E110 (curcumin) as a natural food-drug colorants on the testis of the male mouse. The plan of work was designed to cover six parameters: histopathological, cytochemical (involving DNA and total proteins), testis weight, sperm parameters (i.e., sperm abnormalities and sperm motility), and measuring testosterone levels in blood sera. The mice were divided into three groups, ten per each. The first group remained as controls, whilst the second orally given sunset yellow-E110 (30 mg/kg b.wt/day) as SY-group and the third one E100 ‘CU-group’ also gavage 37 mg/kg b.wt., both fed on their acceptable daily intake (ADI) dosages for 60 days. The results detected that SY revealed distinct alterations in the desired parameters, particularly histological changes in structure of seminiferous tubules such as vacuolation, necrosis and multinucleate cells. Whilst, the cytochemical DNA and proteinic profiles of the SY-treatment mice exhibited severe damage in the DNA and total protein configurations. However, such deteriorations in the spermatogenic epithelia were also approved with changes in the other criteria after administration with E110. From such alterations, the E110 recorded a highly significant increase (P< 0.0001) in the abnormalities of sperm morphology and motility. Moreover, the testosterone levels in sera of male mice indicated the significant differences among groups. The molecular protocol manifested SY (E110) - induced DNA polymorphic changes in confrontation with control by primer OPC07, whilst CU (E100) kept on the control pattern. In conclusion, the present study explored the possibility of using the applied six parameters to assessment and differentiate between the two food flavours indicating that E100 (CU) is more biosafe than the synthetic additive E110 (SY).

9_Molecular_and_cytochemical_comparative_assessment_between_the_two_food_additives_sunset_yellow_and_curcumin-induce_testicular_toxicity_in_mice

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Vol.2 No.2 -8 : Gene evolution and diversity of living organisms theory.

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By : Sobhy E. Hassab El-Nabi

Abstract

Statement of the theory is {Evolution of organisms depends mainly on gene evolution through the appearance of novel genes. Diversity of Living organisms results from genetic variations. Each Individual in the same species of Living Organisms has its own Identity of DNA Finger-print. Variations of Individuals Results from Effect of Environmental Factors, Mutation and Invader of Genetic Materials}. Gene evolution depends mainly on gene duplication ,variation of environmental conditions, mutation, transposable elements, horizontal gene transfer (HGT),de nove gene that originated from non-coding DNA which mainly comes from retrovirus and micro-RNA. And invader nucleic acids from viruses, bacteria or any parasite.The main prediction of this theory is not only each individual of human being has unique DNA fingerprint, but also any individual in the same species has also unique identity in DNA fingerprint. Any living organisms acquire genetic materials through its intimate contacts with another organisms . If the acquired genetic material reach to germ cells, it could transfer to next generation giving new traits.Viruses considered the main source for genetic transformation in all living organisms. The genomic materials of some viruses could integrate inside human genome like hepatitis B and HIV. The human genome has about 5 % virus genetic material especially from retroviruses.This theory could explain the appearance of new individuals according to transfer of genetic materials during intimate contact between different species, and support many researchers who discovered new species. Also ,this theory explain and will answer different questions , why husband and wife after some time, nearly acquire some similarities ?, why people in the same geographical area nearly have a similar pattern ?. The answer on this questions is return to the transfer of micro RNA which found in food, fluids and environment that surround the organisms. Also, similarity may return to transfer of transposable elements through intimate contacts within individuals . This theory also, explain the host-parasite relationship depending through transfer of DNA and RNA between them. We developed in our lab. Simple technique for detection of DNA and RNA from tissue lysate, through it micro- RNA could be detected. We detected the instability and dynamicity of DNA through sister chromatide exchange (SCE). Also we detect individual variation in the same species through haplotype analysis, this support our theory.

8. Gene evolution and diversity of living organisms theory.

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