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Vol.8 No.3 – 3: Biochemical changes in Egyptian patients infected with COVID-19

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By: Ahmed M. El-Adly1*, Ahmed A. Wardany1, Mohey H. Shikhoun2

1Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 71524Assiut Branch, Egypt ahmedeladly.ast@azhar.edu.eg, ahmed_wr2000@azhar.edu.eg

2Analysis and Laboratories Department, Higher Technological Institute of Applied Health Sciences in Sohag, Ministry of Higher Education, Cairo, Egypt.; moheyshikhoun@gmail.com

Abstract

A pandemic-scale outbreak of the newly discovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), fast-spreading viral pneumonia, is currently occurring. Due to the disease’s overall vulnerability, different age groups have different clinical characteristics and test findings. The purpose of this study was to describe the COVID-19 laboratory results in various age and sex groups. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-2 RNA was used in the study, which had 1100 individuals with typical cold symptoms. It was reported that 660 of these cases tested positive for the test, while 440 tested negatives, therefore all cases underwent laboratory testing. Our research revealed that males had higher COVID-19 positivity than females (215/660; 67.4%), with males scoring 445/660; 32.6%). Age does not statistically differ between COVID-19 positive and negative cases. Hematological parameters in blood cells revealed that Lymphocytes differ significantly between COVID-19-infected and uninfected patients as these cells decline in the presence of COVID-19 infection. There are no significant differences in hemoglobin (Hgb percent), red blood cells (RBCs), total white blood cells (WBCS), basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils, as well as blood platelets (PLTS). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is unimportant, whereas COVID-19 infection increases ferritin and C-reactive proteins.

Biochemical-changes-in-Egyptian-patients-infected-with-COVID-19-1

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Vol.5 No.2 – 3 : Efficiency of collagen III, metalloproteinase 1, carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19.9 for colon cancer diagnosis

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By; Abdelfattah M. Attallah1, Mohamed A. El-Far2, Mohamed M. Omran3, Mohamed A. Abdelrazek 1, Kareem  A. Attallah1, Mohamed S. Elbendary1, Sara A. Soliman1, Rehab A. Atwa1

1Research & Development Department, Biotechnology Research Center, New Damietta City, Egypt

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Currently, blood markers are noninvasive methods for diagnosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated four biomarkers (Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9), collagen III and metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1)) and their combination as substitute method to enhance diagnosis of CRC. Subjects and methods: one hundred ninety five patients had undergone colonoscopy examination were inclusive in the study (135 CRC and 60 benign growths). In addition, 45 healthy individuals were included.  Multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were applied for evaluation the diagnostic power of single and their combination. Results:  levels of collagen III, CEA and CA 19.9 increased while MMP-1 decreased with  progression of CRC  (stages, positive lymph node invasion, distant organ metastasis and high grades)  with a significant difference (P <0.01- P < 0.0001). Combination of MMP-1, CEA, CA 19-9 and Collagen III yielded MC3 index had diagnostic power greater than each single marker could achieve alone. When differentiate colon cancer from benign growth, AUC of MC3 index was 0.91 yielded 85.2% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity. Moreover, MC3 index for patients with late stages, lymph node invasion, organ metastasis and high-grade had AUC = 0.81, 0.82, 0.80 and 0.80 higher than CEA and CA19.9.Conclusion:  MC3 index is a can be used as an effective index for early detection of CRC.

Efficiency of collagen III, metalloproteinase 1, carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19.9 for colon cancer diagnosis

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Vol.5 No.1 – 5 : Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and oxidative stress markers based -scores to improve the diagnostic accuracy of chronic kidney diseases

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By : Toson el-SA1 , Waly S1, Omran MM2,*

1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Biomarkers can detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) in an early stage. Patients and methods: 75 individuals suffering from chronic kidney disorders were included in this study. Serum Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) was assayed using ELISA. Nitric oxide (NO) in addition to total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was colormetrically measured. Results: NGAL was the most efficient marker among others. Its area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were 0.91 and 0.80 for differentiating patients with CKD from control individuals and discriminating patients in late stages from those in early stages, respectively. The stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) selected two novel indexes. The first is to differentiate patients in late stages from those in early stages of CKD; namely NGAL- Total antioxidant capacity (NT) score. The second is to differentiate all of these patients from those of the control subjects; namely NGAL- nitric oxide (NN) score. The AUCs of NT and NN score were 0. 84 and 0.93; respectively. Conclusion: NT and NN scores may add more in evaluation and prediction of the progression of CKD.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and oxidative stress markers based -scores to improve the diagnostic accuracy of chronic kidney diseases-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 11 : Comparison between glypican-3 and alpha-fetoprotein in discrimination of hepatocellular carcinoma from cirrhotic patients

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By: Abdelfattah Mohamed Attallah*1, Mohamed Abd El-Hafez El-Far 2, Mohamed Mostafa Omran3, Aya Mohamed Saeed1, Mohamed Sayed Elbendary1, Kareem Abdelfattah Attallah1, Khaled Farid Mari4

1* Research & Development Department, Biotechnology Research Center, New Damietta City, Egypt

2 Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

3 Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt

4 Tropical medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Liver cirrhosis progression could be a consequence for developing HCC. Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used as, a marker for detection of HCC, but it has poor sensitivity. Objective: Evaluate the diagnostic power of serum AFP and Glypican-3 (GPC3) as biomarkers of development of HCC. Subjects and Methods: A total of 182 patients, 110 patients with HCC and 72 patients with liver cirrhosis were included. AFP and GPC3 were determined using ELISA. The diagnostic power was evaluated using Area under Roc curve (AUC). Results: levels of AFP and GPC3 in sera of HCC patients were higher than in those with liver cirrhosis (p < 0.0001). AFP had Area under curve (AUC) = 0.772 with sensitivity 39.1%, specificity 97.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) 97.7%, negative predictive value (NPV) 34.3% and efficiency 53.4% while GPC3 had AUC=0.841 yielded sensitivity 76.4%, specificity 86.1%, PPV 94.4%, NPV 64.3% and efficiency 78.8%. There was significant weak correlation (r = 0.241; P < 0.001) between AFP and GPC3. Conclusions: GPC3 is good marker for HCC diagnosis. Therefore, GPC3 may be more useful than AFP in differentiating HCC from cirrhotic patients.

Comparison between glypican-3 and alpha-fetoprotein in discrimination of hepatocellular carcinoma from cirrhotic patients-converted

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