Posts

Vol.9 No.2-3:COVID-19 Laboratory diagnosis methods

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By: Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Abstract

Coronavirus-19 is caused by “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2” (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19 pandemic, has led to millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Efficient diagnostic tools are in high demand, as rapid and specific testing plays an important role in patient management and decelerating disease spread. the current technologies used to detect COVID-19 in clinical laboratories will be classified into main three categories, I– The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, II– Immunological or serological methods (Antigen and Antibody Detection), III– Biochemical and hematological methods which include 1- Inflammatory biomarkers (Elevated and decreased group), 2.Multi-organ damage/failure (Cardiac, Hepatic, and Renal).

COVID-19-Lab-Diagnosis-methods

Download PDF

Vol.8 No.3 – 3: Biochemical changes in Egyptian patients infected with COVID-19

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By: Ahmed M. El-Adly1*, Ahmed A. Wardany1, Mohey H. Shikhoun2

1Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 71524Assiut Branch, Egypt ahmedeladly.ast@azhar.edu.eg, ahmed_wr2000@azhar.edu.eg

2Analysis and Laboratories Department, Higher Technological Institute of Applied Health Sciences in Sohag, Ministry of Higher Education, Cairo, Egypt.; moheyshikhoun@gmail.com

Abstract

A pandemic-scale outbreak of the newly discovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), fast-spreading viral pneumonia, is currently occurring. Due to the disease’s overall vulnerability, different age groups have different clinical characteristics and test findings. The purpose of this study was to describe the COVID-19 laboratory results in various age and sex groups. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-2 RNA was used in the study, which had 1100 individuals with typical cold symptoms. It was reported that 660 of these cases tested positive for the test, while 440 tested negatives, therefore all cases underwent laboratory testing. Our research revealed that males had higher COVID-19 positivity than females (215/660; 67.4%), with males scoring 445/660; 32.6%). Age does not statistically differ between COVID-19 positive and negative cases. Hematological parameters in blood cells revealed that Lymphocytes differ significantly between COVID-19-infected and uninfected patients as these cells decline in the presence of COVID-19 infection. There are no significant differences in hemoglobin (Hgb percent), red blood cells (RBCs), total white blood cells (WBCS), basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils, as well as blood platelets (PLTS). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is unimportant, whereas COVID-19 infection increases ferritin and C-reactive proteins.

Biochemical-changes-in-Egyptian-patients-infected-with-COVID-19-1

Download PDF

Vol.7 No.4 – 8:The association between Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha level (TNF-α) and moderate COVID-19 patients in Egypt

/0 Comments/in , , /by

Sabah Farouk Alabd and Ahmed Abdelhalim Y. Mahmoud

Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Infection with viral agents causes upregulation of cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), which is considered an important mediator of inflammation. TNF-α has been associated with a poor prognosis in patients with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Patients and methods: This study included 66 mild COVID-19 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection and 22 healthy people as a control group, these study subjects were randomly selected irrespective of the age group and both genders were included, 1 ml blood sample was collected for performing serum TNF-α levels test, Reagents of EIAab is located at East Lake Hi-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan China.  Human tumor necrosis factor ELISA kit TNF-α serum levels immunoassay test catalog number E0133h. Results: This study reveals that serum TNF-α levels for mild COVID-19 patients and healthy control people were non-significant with a p-value of 0.1191 between the two groups. Conclusion: the serum TNF-α level is not a significant biomarker for diagnosis or prognosis of mild COVID-19 patients (Outpatients and patients under home observation), while other studies reported patients with COVID-19 demonstrated significantly elevated levels of TNF- 𝛼 upon admission to hospitals.

The-association-between-Tumor-Necrosis-Factor-alpha-level-TNF-α-and-mild

Download PDF

Vol.7 No.4 – 7:Characteristics of peripheral Leukocyte in moderate infection of COVID-19

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By: Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Blood leukocytes are an important part of the body’s defense system, and infection status can be predicted by measuring WBC levels. COVID-19 may involve many organ systems in its host. Studies suggest that hematological profiles change during SARS-CoV-2 illness. Patients and methods: This study included 504 mild infected patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, these study subjects were randomly selected irrespective of the age group and both genders were included, EDTA blood sample was collected for performing total and differential white blood cells (Diagon D-cell 60 hematology analyzer Europe-Diagon Ltd. Hungary). Results: The present study included patients aged from14 years to 75 years mean age was 44.5 ±30.5 who were confirmed to have Covid-19 based on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, female gender was more frequent (n=280, 55.6%) than Male gender (n=224, 44.4%). This study reveals normal total WBCs count in 320 patients (63.5%), neutrophilia with a sensitivity of 77.8%, and lymphopenia with a sensitivity of 73%. Conclusion: Neutrophilia has a sensitivity of 77.8% and lymphopenia has a sensitivity of 73% for diagnosis or prognosis of mild infection of COVID-19 patients (Outpatients and patients under home observation).

Characteristics-of-peripheral-Leukocyte-in-mild-infection-of-COVID-19

Download PDF

Vol.7 No.4 – 6:The prognostic value of elevated creatine kinase as an Independent Prognostic Factor for COVID-19 mild infection

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By: Sabah Farouk Alabd and Ahmed Abdelhalim Y. Mahmoud

Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt

DOI: 10.21608/jbaar.2021.237395

Abstract

Background: Creatine kinase (CK), which is a marker of muscle damage, was also often found to be elevated in deceased COVID-19 patients and those with severe disease, Therefore, higher CK could be used as a prognostic marker to indicate a more severe clinical picture of COVID-19. Patients and methods: This study included 225 out-hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, these study subjects were randomly selected irrespective of the age group and both genders were included, Assay procedure as manufactory instructions and Reagents of Spectrum diagnostics, optimized DGKC/IFCC liquid reagent, Egypt are used. Results: This study showed male gender was more frequent (n=135, 60%) than the female gender (n=90, 40%). This study reveals high serum CK levels in 45 patients (20%), which has a sensitivity of 20% as a biomarker for COVID-19 diagnosis in out-hospitalized patients (Outpatients and patients under home observation), with a p-value is <0.001 which is less than 0.05. Conclusion: CKhas a sensitivity of 20% in out-hospitalized patients (Outpatients and patients under home observation), thus elevated CK is best used as a rule-in test rather than a rule-out test.

The prognostic value of elevated creatine kinase as an Independent Prognostic Factor for COVID-19 mild infection 2

Download PDF

Vol.7 No.3 – 4:Association between thrombocytopenia and mild infection of COVID-19 patients

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By: Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Thrombocytopenia is a common manifestation and also an indicator of poor prognosis of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 according to previous researches, Some studies have found a relationship between thrombocytopenia and the severity of the COVID-19 and related mortality. Patients and methods: This study included 504 out hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection in Alexandria, Egypt, these study subjects were randomly selected irrespective of the age group and both genders were included, EDTA blood sample was collected for performing complete blood count and platelet count (Diagon D-cell 60 hematology analyzer Europe-Diagon Ltd. Hungary). Results: The present study included patients aged from14 years to 75 years mean age was 44.5 ±30.5 who were confirmed to have Covid-19 based on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the female gender was more frequent (n=280, 55.6%) than Male gender (n=224, 44.4%). This study reveals a normal platelet count in 456 patients (90.5%), and a mild low platelet count of 140-150× 109/L in 48 patients(9.5%), with a p-value, is 0.415 which is more than 0.05 not significant. And no patients in this studied group recorded platelet count less than 140× 109/L. Conclusion: Platelet was not a significant biomarker for COVID-19 diagnosis or prognosis in out-hospitalized patients (Outpatients and patients under home observation).

Association-between-thrombocytopenia-and-mild-infection-of-COVID-19-patients-converted

Download PDF

Vol.7 No.1 – 4: Lactate dehydrogenase level as a COVID-19 biomarker

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By: Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Email: dr.ahmedyameny@yahoo.com

DOI: 10.21608/jbaar.2021.173662

Abstract:

Background: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an intracellular enzyme found in cells in almost all organ systems, which catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate, LDH has been proved to be a prognostic factor with

high accuracy in diseases involving multiple organ injuries such as acute heart failure (AHF) and severe acute pancreatitis (AP), LDH is a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with COVID-19. Patients and methods: This study included 217 non hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection in Alexandria, Egypt, these study subjects were randomly selected irrespective of the age group and both genders were included, Assay procedure as manufactory instructions and Reagents of Chema Diagnostics Italy, LDH FL of reagent based on  DGKC recommendations. Results: The percentage of COVID-19 non hospitalized Patients relation to the serum LDH level, The present study included patients aged from14 years to 75 years mean age was 44.5 ±30.5 who were confirmed to have Covid-19 based on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, female gender was more frequent (n=119, 54.8%) than Male gender (n=98, 45.2%). This study reveals high serum LDH levels in 147 patients (67.7%), which was a significant biomarker for COVID-19 diagnosis in non-hospitalized patients (Outpatients and patients under home observation), with a p-value is 0.024 which less than 0.05. Conclusion and Recommendations: Serum LDH level is a good biomarker of infection in COVID-19 Outpatients and patients under home observation increased by 67.7%, many other studies revealed LDH is a good marker for COVD-19 hospitalized patients and severe infection.

Lactate dehydrogenase level as a COVID-19 biomarker-converted (3

Download PDF

Vol.6 No.3 – 5: Standpoints on immune responses against COVID-19

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By: Mabrouk A. Abo-Zaid1, Ahmed H. Ismail1, Ali H Amin2, 3

1: Biology department, faculty of science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

2: Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia;

3: Zoology Department, faculty of science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic disease has firstly occurred in Wuhan, Hubei, China. Then the infection spread globally. Many researchers now suggest the strong similarities of COVID-19 with the previous pathogenic human beta coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. But there is limited knowledge about the immune response to COVID-19. So on the basis of the immune response of these viruses, we will try to predict how the immune system can deal with this infection. In this review, we focus on human coronavirus types and discuss current knowledge of immune response against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV immune response, which may be helpful in offering the perspectives on immune responses against COVID-19.

Standpoints-on-immune-responses-against-COVID-19-converted

Download PDF