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Vol.5 No.4 – 12: Annona muricata Attenuates Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress and Renal Toxicity in Wistar Rats

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By: Johnson Olaleye Oladele1,3, Olu Israel Oyewole1*, Moses Oyedotun Oyeleke3, Omowumi Oyeronke Adewale2, and Oluwamuyiwa Emmanuel Adeloju1

1Phytomedicine and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.

2Cancer Research and Molecular Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry,  Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria

3Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences,

Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria.

Abstract

Cadmium is a known industrial toxicant that accumulates in the kidney and causes oxidative damage. The present study was carried out to evaluate the attenuating effects of Annona muricata seed extracts against cadmium mediated renal toxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-eight (28) Wistar albino rats sorted into four groups of seven rats per group were used in this study. Group A serves as the control and received distilled water orally. Group B, C, and D were administered 5 mg/kg body weight cadmium chloride with Group C and D were treated daily with 200 and 500 mg/kg body weight of ethanolic seed extract of Annona muricata  (ESEAM)respectively by oral administration while group B was left untreated for 14 days. Results obtained showed that cadmium significantly (P<0.05) increased the serum level of urea and creatinine. Oxidative stress was induced by cadmium with a significant increase in MDA level and decrease concentration in ascorbic acid, GSH, GPx, SOD and CAT in the kidney. Efficacy of Annona muricata seed extracts against renal toxicity was evaluated in terms of biochemical estimation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, histopathological changes and rate of lipid peroxidation. Treatment with ESEAM prevented deteriorative effects induced by Cd through a protective mechanism that involved the reduction of increased oxidative stress.

Annona muricata Attenuates Cadmium JBAAR-converted

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Vol.2 No.6 -3 : Pomegranate peel Extract Protects Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice.

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By : Amal A. El-Daly

Abstract

Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) is a toxicant heavy metal displays adverse properties in humans creating public health risks. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is widely known as antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study investigated the cadmium induced structural effects in mice and evaluated the beneficial effect of alcoholic extract of P. granatum fruit peel (PPE) to protective CdCl2 nephrotoxicity. Animals were divided into 4 groups; group 1: control, group 2: given 25ml/kg PPE, group 3: given CdCl2 at a dose level of 2mg/kg and group 4: given CdCl2 and PPE. The animals were given the previous treatment daily for 14days. CdCl2 intoxication led to obvious many histopathological alterations in kidney glomeruli accompanied with wide and congested blood vessels, renal tubules missed their distinct form with cytoplasmic vacuolation of their epithelial cells and pyknotic nuclei and leucocytes cells infiltration in the intertubular spaces. On the other hand, the immunohistochemical staining of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions were positive after CdCl2 exposure compared with the control group. Ultrastructure observations revealed thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and fusion of the podocytes foot processes, tubular epithelial cells vacoulation with pyknotic nuclei, perforation and vacoulation of mitochondria, deterioration of endoplasmic reticulum, and increase of lysosomes. CdCl2-exposure accompanied by increased level of serum urea, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as well as significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) besides decreased of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level. In contrast, co-administration of PPE plus CdCl2 ameliorated these parameters around the normal levels. It contributed the improvement by the histological, ultrastructure and decreased Bcl-2 and α smooth muscle protein expression, and kidney function through significant decrease in urea, creatinine and BUN, reduced the level of serum MDA as lipid peroxidation marker and restored the altered antioxidant system activity. It was concluded that Cd induced nephrotoxicity at a dose level 2 mg/kg b.w. in mice. The PPE may be involved in the protection of toxicity displayed by CdCl2 induction attributed to the high antioxidant capacity.

3. Pomegranate peel Extract Protects Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice.
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