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Vol.2 No.6 -3 : Pomegranate peel Extract Protects Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice.

By : Amal A. El-Daly

Abstract

Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) is a toxicant heavy metal displays adverse properties in humans creating public health risks. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is widely known as antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study investigated the cadmium induced structural effects in mice and evaluated the beneficial effect of alcoholic extract of P. granatum fruit peel (PPE) to protective CdCl2 nephrotoxicity. Animals were divided into 4 groups; group 1: control, group 2: given 25ml/kg PPE, group 3: given CdCl2 at a dose level of 2mg/kg and group 4: given CdCl2 and PPE. The animals were given the previous treatment daily for 14days. CdCl2 intoxication led to obvious many histopathological alterations in kidney glomeruli accompanied with wide and congested blood vessels, renal tubules missed their distinct form with cytoplasmic vacuolation of their epithelial cells and pyknotic nuclei and leucocytes cells infiltration in the intertubular spaces. On the other hand, the immunohistochemical staining of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions were positive after CdCl2 exposure compared with the control group. Ultrastructure observations revealed thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and fusion of the podocytes foot processes, tubular epithelial cells vacoulation with pyknotic nuclei, perforation and vacoulation of mitochondria, deterioration of endoplasmic reticulum, and increase of lysosomes. CdCl2-exposure accompanied by increased level of serum urea, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as well as significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) besides decreased of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level. In contrast, co-administration of PPE plus CdCl2 ameliorated these parameters around the normal levels. It contributed the improvement by the histological, ultrastructure and decreased Bcl-2 and α smooth muscle protein expression, and kidney function through significant decrease in urea, creatinine and BUN, reduced the level of serum MDA as lipid peroxidation marker and restored the altered antioxidant system activity. It was concluded that Cd induced nephrotoxicity at a dose level 2 mg/kg b.w. in mice. The PPE may be involved in the protection of toxicity displayed by CdCl2 induction attributed to the high antioxidant capacity.


3. Pomegranate peel Extract Protects Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice.
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Vol.2 No.3 -7 : Hematotoxicity of diazinon pesticide at different time intervals in male albino rats.

By : Faten R. Abdel Ghaffar; Hany M. Ibrahim; Imam A. Hassouna; Ibrahim A. Elelaimy and Heba M. Abd El latif.

Abstract

Diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide has been used in agriculture for several years. The aim of the present study was to analyze the hematotoxic effects of diazinon (DZN) at different time intervals (10, 20 and 30 days) on adult male albino rats. The changes in some hematological parameters; RBCs count, Hb content, Ht%, RBCs indices, total and differential count of WBCs, Platelets count, PT, APTT and bleeding time; were investigated. The antioxidant system in RBCs membrane; GSH, GST, GR, GPx, CAT and SOD; as well as LPO, as oxidative stress marker, were estimated. The current study showed that; DZN (14.88 mg/kg b.w.) at different time intervals resulted in decline in RBCs count, Hb content, Ht value, total WBCs count, platelets count, and relative lymphocytes and monocytes counts when compared with their control groups. On the other side, DZN caused increase in MCV, MCH, relative granulocytes count, bleeding time, PT and APTT. Furthermore, DZN decreased the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes (GST, GR, GPx, CAT and SOD) and GSH level. On the other hand, DZN caused increase in LPO. Generally, these all changes were directly proportional to the development of intoxication time. So, the current research concludes that DZN has hematotoxic effects which appeared in time-dependent manner.


7. Hematotoxicity of diazinon pesticide at different time intervals in male albino rats.
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