Vol.3 No.4 – 1: Ecophysiological and Histopathological Impacts of Organic Pollution on Two Freshwater Fish Species, Mansoura City, Egypt.

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By : Sherif H. Abdeen, Abeer E. Abdrabouh, Mohamed I. Mashaly, Ahmed E. Hagras, Ali A. Al-halany

Abstract

Organic pollution is one of environmental hazards, especially in aquatic ecosystems. This study was focusing on levels of total organic carbon (TOC%) in sediment of two freshwater habitats different in quality, as well as tissues including; muscles and gonads of two fish species inhabiting both sites during four seasons of one year of study. Ammar drain as a polluted site showed significantly higher levels of TOC% in both sediment and fish tissues comparing to River Nile as a reference site. Data also illustrated that, fish from polluted site showed remarkable decrease in blood indices; RBCs count, Hb content and Hct%, while WBCs count was mostly elevated, especially during autumn. Accompanying to these results, antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were generally decreased during most seasons in fish samples from Ammar drain. Also, histopathological changes in muscles and gonads were observed, where sever deteriorations in these tissues were more discriminating in fish species from Ammar drain compared to River Nile locality. From the obtained results, polluted water drains affect general health and structure of their inhabiting fish species.

Dr.Abeer Dec 2017

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Vol.3 No.3 – 4: Gene-Behavior Theory: Relation between behavioral deviation and satellite DNA causing increased selective disease susceptibility within communities

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By : Seif Salah-Eldin Mohammed

Abstract

The regional differences in the mix of cancers and diseases provoke many questions regarding the causes that control the susceptibility, in this work, it is proven that the behavioral deviance is the main cause for the increased selective disease susceptibility through cross-sectional studies. Theoretically, it is suggested that human leucocyte antigens is a marker for a deviated ancestors, and satellite DNA is an expression to the common-sense and reflects the behavior, causing increased disease susceptibility if deviated. The conformity approach which used in the human-community theory explain many social and genetic mechanisms, especially, how human-human interactions affect the genetic damage/repair.

JBAAR 2017-9 Issue 3 (The Gene-Behavior Theory)

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Vol.3 No.3 – 3: The Antioxidant defense Responses of Sea cucumber Holothuriapolii Against Rickettsia-like organism (RLOs) Infection and Heavy Metal Pollution in Alexandria coast

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By : Mohamed M. Elghazaly and Aml Z. Ghoneim

Abstract

Holothuriapolii, the common black sea cucumber (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea), is abundant in Mediterranean Sea alongAlexandria coast. This species was given the great valued commercially and for human consumption.The present study was objective to assess the biological effect of marine pollution on the sea cucumber,Holothuriapolii collected from two locations in Alexandria coast; Abo-Qir station as an industrial area compared with Miami station as a reference area, using the oxidative stress biomarkers approach, heavy metals bio-accumulation, and Rickettsia-like organism (RLOs) infection. Sea cucumber samples were collected from bothstations in Alexandria, during two seasons; winter (January) and summer (July) 2016. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to detect Zn, Mn, pb, Cu and Cd in the body wall of the animal as wellas in water samples.
The resultsshowed a significant decrease in the antioxidant parameters; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione reductase (GSH), and Glutathione transferase(GST) activities, while theMalondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly increased in the body wall tissue of sea cucumber collected from Abo-Qir station as compared with Miami station.The concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Pb, Cu and Cd) in body wall of sea cucumber and sea water samples at the two stations differed significantly, showed increasing in the industrial area (Abo-Qir station) compared with Miami station. As parasites areubiquitous in the marine pollutant environment, so thepresent study proved that the sea cucumber samples collected from Abo-Qir station were infected by Rickettsia-like organism (RLOs), found inthe digestive tract and the respiratory tree of this marine animal. The present results of pollutant biomarkers indicated that, the degree of pollution increased in summer as compared with winter season in the two locations.

This study alsosuggestedthat the sea cucumberwas anideal bioindicator animal for marine pollution. The suppression of antioxidant biomarkers inthe tissue of sea cucumber compared with high values of MDA confirmed the presence of anthropogenic contaminants in Abo-Qir station, which essentially due to the industrial rejections. Also,Rickettsia-like organism (RLOs) infection and the bio-accumulation of theheavy metalsin the tissues of sea cucumber obstructed the antioxidant defense responses in the animal.

The Antioxidant defense Responses of Sea cucumber Holothuria polii Against Rickettsia-like organism (RLOs) Infection and Heavy Metal Pollution in Alexandria coast-converted

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Vol.3 No.3 – 2: Effects of Occupational Exposure to Pesticides on Male Sex Hormones

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By : Mohga S. Abdallah, Amal Saad-Hussein, Eman M Shahy, Manar Seleem, and Asmaa M. Abdel-Aleem

Abstract

Pesticides have been extensively studied for their toxic hazards. The effect of exposure to pesticides has been studied among occupationally exposed workers. This study aimed to determine the role of occupational exposure to pesticides on male reproductive hormones. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone of 51 pesticide sprayers occupationally exposed to pesticides and 50 controls were estimated. Results revealed significant increase in FSH concentration among the workers compared to controls. While, there were no significant difference in the concentrations of LH and testosterone between the two groups. In conclusion: occupational exposure to pesticides may result in significant increase of FSH, but not affecting LH and testosterone in the studied pesticide sprayers, and that could be attributed to their use of non-persistent pesticides and the resting durations between the peaks of their occupational exposures.

Asmaa 9 2017 final

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Vol.3 No.3 – 1 : Effect of Sulforaphane and Methotrexate combined treatment on Histone Deacetylase Activity in Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma

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By : Mai M. El-Keey; Mohamad A. El Ghonamy; Tarek M. Ali1; Wafaa M. Ibrahim; Ehab Tousson.

Abstract

Histone acetylation is one of the posttranslational modification that plays a role in the regulation of gene expression, also modulation of acetylation with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) had been considered a novel strategy for cancer chemoprevention.This study was aimed to investigate the activity of histone deacetylaseenzyme (HDAC) in tumor cell model Solid Ehrlich carcinoma under the effect of the antitumor drug methotrexate in combination with sulforaphane (SFN) which is a natural compound found in cruciferous vegetables. In the present study sulforaphane was extracted from cabbage outer leaves. The HDAC activity significantly increased in tumor bearing mice, non-significantly decreased after treatment with methotrexate and significantly decreased after treatment with methotrexate with oral supplement by sulforaphane. However, The DNA damage decreased significantly in tumor tissue of tumor bearing mice after treatment with methotrexate and increased significantly in tumor tissue of tumor bearing mice treated with oral sulforaphane in combination with methotrexate treatment after carcinogenesis. In conclusion the sulforaphane have antitumor effect via its pro-oxidant activity and affect the HDAC activity via its metabolite’s in an inhibitory manner that inhanced the effect of methotrexate.

Effect of Sulforaphane and Methotrexate combined treatment on Histone Deacetylase Activity in Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma

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Vol.3 No.2 – 4 : Investigating the effect of therapeutic ultrasound irradiation on the liver and kidney function of male albino mice

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By : Moustafa Hussein Moustafa

Abstract

In the current explanatory study an experimental methods were conducted to anticipate the effect of therapeutic Ultrasound irradiation on liver and kidney of male albino mice. The histopathological studies revealed a convenient apparent aberration. These finding were supported by hematological investigation of complete blood count (CBC), blood enzymes like aspartate amino transferase (AST or SGOT) and alanine amino transferase (ALT or SGPT), also Creatinine and Urea levels were detected. The results showed no significant alteration in the physiological function of both liver and kidney. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant contents were carried out. the level of Glutathione (GST), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were still in normal ranges.

moustafa 6-2017 vol3 issue2

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Vol.3 No.2 – 3: The evolving schistosomiasis agenda 2017-2020 in Egypt : Moving from control toward final elimination

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By : Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of pathological biochemistry and hematology, Egypt

Ahmed A. Yameny (dr.ahmedyameny@yahoo.com)

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is one of the most important diseases of humans in tropical and subtropical parts of the world, it is a  chronic disease, it comes after malaria in socioeconomic and public health importance among parasitic diseases. It is estimated that about 779 million people are at risk of infection, about   240 million are infected, of whom  120 million are symptomatic and 20  million have serious consequences (WHO, 2014). This infection has been recorded in Egypt from early pharaonic times (3200 B.C.) by the demonstration of Schistosome eggs and circulating Schistosome antigens in mummies. After the discovery of the parasite’s life cycle in1915, Egypt started to fight against the disease by implementing pilot projects using either snail control or chemotherapy. In Egypt, between 1989 and 1996, about 2.5 million schistosomiasis cases were diagnosed and treated, mentioning that the prevalence of schistosomiasis was close to 40% in 1983 at the national level.   The Ministry of Health and Population in Egypt has announced the start of a campaign to confirm the final elimination of schistosomiasis by 2020 after the ministry has achieved success in reducing the prevalence of schistosomiasis to about 0.2% by the end of 2016.

The-evolving-schistosomiasis-agenda-2017-2020-in-Egypt-Final-Edition-converted

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Vol.3 No.2 – 2 :Protective effect of Zamzam water against kidneys damage induced in male rats: Immunehistochemistry evidence

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By :Abbas Ch. Mraisel, Anas S.Abu ali & Inas,I.Waheeb

Abstract

Aim of study: The study was performed to investigate the role of Zamzam water (ZW) as antioxidant against histological changes that occurring in renal damage induced by n-hexane intoxication in rats by using immunohistochemical technique.

Method: The experiment was carried out at Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. A total of 20 male albino rats weighing 150-170g were obtained from the animal house of the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University. The rats were divided to four groups (5 rats in each cage). Control group were fed basal diet and given tap water (100ml/cage) daily for ten days. In group two the rats were given (n-hexan 300uL/kg .B.W) mixed with (0.5 ml) corn oil to each rat for last five days of experimental. Group three the rats were given (100ml/cage) of Zamzam water as drinking water daily for ten days. Group four the rats were given (100ml/cage ) of Zamzam water for five days , after that given n-hexan 300uL/kg .B.W) mixed with (0.5 ml) corn oil last five days of experimental with continuous given Zamzam water . Kidney tissues of each rat were immediately removed and after weighted put into 10% neutral buffer formalin as a fixative solution. Ki-67 or P53 receptor subunits were examined in deparaffinized sections (5 µm) using an Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase (ABC) immunohistochemical method.

The results: The results observed significantly increase in the weight of the kidneys in the group treated with n-hexane in compared with control group, also relative decrease in weight of the kidneys in the group co-treatment with zamzam water and n-hexane. The detection and distribution of PCNA immunoreactivity (PCNA-ir) in the kidney sections in the different groups under study were observed. Faint positive reaction for PCNA-ir in the kidney sections in control and Zamzam water group, Strong positive reactions for PCNA-ir were detected in n-Hexane group, while a moderate positive reaction for PCNA-ir in the kidney sections with pre -treatment Zamzam water revealed normal structure of malpighian capsule and renal tubules with moderate degeneration of epithelia cell.  Conclusions: Exposure to n- hexane showed higher toxic effect with severe kidney damage and treatment with zamzam water alone improved the antioxidant status of rats and could be useful as antioxidant against environmental stress induced by toxic chemicals.

Vol.3 No.2 - 2

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Vol3 No.2 -1 :Prevention of Etoposide induced kidney toxicity, electrolytes, injury and KI67 alternations in male rats treated with star anise

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By :Ali Salman Hassan Al-Ameri

Abstract

Star anise (Illicium verum) has been used in folk medicine of China, India, and most other Asian countries to treat stomach aches, vomiting, insomnia, dermal inflammation and rheumatic pain as well as a common spice usage. The present study was designed to investigate the possible ameliorating effect of star anise fruit extract against Etoposideinduced nephrotoxicity in rats to prove the evidence of its traditional pharmacological effectiveness. A total of 40 male Wister albino rats were divided randomly into four groups (1st group was control; 2nd group was treated with star anise, 3rd group was received Etoposide, and 4th group was treated with both star anise and Etoposide. The administration of Etoposide significantly caused elevation in creatinine, blood urea, sodium, potassium and chloride while calcium ions was significantly decrease when compared with control group. Co-treated rat with star anise and Etoposide maintained the levels of the measured some parameters (creatinine, chloride and calcium ions) closer to the normal values while urea, sodium and potassium ions were significantly decrease when compared with Etoposide group. Histopathological evidence, together with observed Ki67-ir, supported the detrimental effect of Etoposide and the ameliorating effect of star anise water extract on renal toxicity. Finally, it could be concluded that star anise has a promising role and it worth to be considered as a natural substance for ameliorating the renal toxicity and injury induced by Etoposide chemotherapy.

2017 JBSAR Ali Alameri

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Vol3 No.1 -4 : Silymarin extract modulates toxicity, injury, oxidative stress and PCNA alternations induced by tramadol in rat liver

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By : Nadhom Abd Khalaf

Abstract

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of silymarin supplementation on Tramadol induce injury, oxidative stress and PCNA expression alterations on liver in rats. For this purpose 40 male albino rats were divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks (group 1 was control, group 2 was silymarin, group 3 was Tramadol and group 4 was Tramadol plus silymarin). The obtained results revealed that; serum GPT, GOT, ALP, GGT activities and MDA levels in liver tissues were significantly increase in rats treated with Tramadol as compared to control group while, total protein, albumin, globulin levels in serum, GSH, SOD and catalase levels in liver tissues levels were significantly decrease in Tramadol group when compared with control rats. Liver sections in rats treated with Tramadol exhibited mild positive reactions were detected for PCNA-ir, marked dilation or congestion in central veins, marked cellular infiltrations, atrophied and vacuolated hepatocytes. Treated rats with Tramadol plus silymarin succeeded to modulate these observed abnormalities resulting from Tramadol as indicated by the reduction of enzymes activity and the pronounced improvement of the investigated biochemical, antioxidant parameters, oxidative stress, hepatic injury and PCNA alterations. Further studies are needed to investigate the impacts of tramadol on human health.

2017 JBSAR

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