Vol.3 No.3 – 2: Effects of Occupational Exposure to Pesticides on Male Sex Hormones

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By : Mohga S. Abdallah, Amal Saad-Hussein, Eman M Shahy, Manar Seleem, and Asmaa M. Abdel-Aleem

Abstract

Pesticides have been extensively studied for their toxic hazards. The effect of exposure to pesticides has been studied among occupationally exposed workers. This study aimed to determine the role of occupational exposure to pesticides on male reproductive hormones. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone of 51 pesticide sprayers occupationally exposed to pesticides and 50 controls were estimated. Results revealed significant increase in FSH concentration among the workers compared to controls. While, there were no significant difference in the concentrations of LH and testosterone between the two groups. In conclusion: occupational exposure to pesticides may result in significant increase of FSH, but not affecting LH and testosterone in the studied pesticide sprayers, and that could be attributed to their use of non-persistent pesticides and the resting durations between the peaks of their occupational exposures.

Asmaa 9 2017 final

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Vol.3 No.3 – 1 : Effect of Sulforaphane and Methotrexate combined treatment on Histone Deacetylase Activity in Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma

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By : Mai M. El-Keey; Mohamad A. El Ghonamy; Tarek M. Ali1; Wafaa M. Ibrahim; Ehab Tousson.

Abstract

Histone acetylation is one of the posttranslational modification that plays a role in the regulation of gene expression, also modulation of acetylation with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) had been considered a novel strategy for cancer chemoprevention.This study was aimed to investigate the activity of histone deacetylaseenzyme (HDAC) in tumor cell model Solid Ehrlich carcinoma under the effect of the antitumor drug methotrexate in combination with sulforaphane (SFN) which is a natural compound found in cruciferous vegetables. In the present study sulforaphane was extracted from cabbage outer leaves. The HDAC activity significantly increased in tumor bearing mice, non-significantly decreased after treatment with methotrexate and significantly decreased after treatment with methotrexate with oral supplement by sulforaphane. However, The DNA damage decreased significantly in tumor tissue of tumor bearing mice after treatment with methotrexate and increased significantly in tumor tissue of tumor bearing mice treated with oral sulforaphane in combination with methotrexate treatment after carcinogenesis. In conclusion the sulforaphane have antitumor effect via its pro-oxidant activity and affect the HDAC activity via its metabolite’s in an inhibitory manner that inhanced the effect of methotrexate.

Effect of Sulforaphane and Methotrexate combined treatment on Histone Deacetylase Activity in Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma

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Vol.3 No.2 – 4 : Investigating the effect of therapeutic ultrasound irradiation on the liver and kidney function of male albino mice

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By : Moustafa Hussein Moustafa

Abstract

In the current explanatory study an experimental methods were conducted to anticipate the effect of therapeutic Ultrasound irradiation on liver and kidney of male albino mice. The histopathological studies revealed a convenient apparent aberration. These finding were supported by hematological investigation of complete blood count (CBC), blood enzymes like aspartate amino transferase (AST or SGOT) and alanine amino transferase (ALT or SGPT), also Creatinine and Urea levels were detected. The results showed no significant alteration in the physiological function of both liver and kidney. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant contents were carried out. the level of Glutathione (GST), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were still in normal ranges.

moustafa 6-2017 vol3 issue2

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Vol.3 No.2 – 3: The evolving schistosomiasis agenda 2017-2020 in Egypt : Moving from control toward final elimination

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By : Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of pathological biochemistry and hematology, Egypt

Ahmed A. Yameny (dr.ahmedyameny@yahoo.com)

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is one of the most important diseases of humans in tropical and subtropical parts of the world, it is a  chronic disease, it comes after malaria in socioeconomic and public health importance among parasitic diseases. It is estimated that about 779 million people are at risk of infection, about   240 million are infected, of whom  120 million are symptomatic and 20  million have serious consequences (WHO, 2014). This infection has been recorded in Egypt from early pharaonic times (3200 B.C.) by the demonstration of Schistosome eggs and circulating Schistosome antigens in mummies. After the discovery of the parasite’s life cycle in1915, Egypt started to fight against the disease by implementing pilot projects using either snail control or chemotherapy. In Egypt, between 1989 and 1996, about 2.5 million schistosomiasis cases were diagnosed and treated, mentioning that the prevalence of schistosomiasis was close to 40% in 1983 at the national level.   The Ministry of Health and Population in Egypt has announced the start of a campaign to confirm the final elimination of schistosomiasis by 2020 after the ministry has achieved success in reducing the prevalence of schistosomiasis to about 0.2% by the end of 2016.

The-evolving-schistosomiasis-agenda-2017-2020-in-Egypt-Final-Edition-converted

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Vol.3 No.2 – 2 :Protective effect of Zamzam water against kidneys damage induced in male rats: Immunehistochemistry evidence

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By :Abbas Ch. Mraisel, Anas S.Abu ali & Inas,I.Waheeb

Abstract

Aim of study: The study was performed to investigate the role of Zamzam water (ZW) as antioxidant against histological changes that occurring in renal damage induced by n-hexane intoxication in rats by using immunohistochemical technique.

Method: The experiment was carried out at Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. A total of 20 male albino rats weighing 150-170g were obtained from the animal house of the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University. The rats were divided to four groups (5 rats in each cage). Control group were fed basal diet and given tap water (100ml/cage) daily for ten days. In group two the rats were given (n-hexan 300uL/kg .B.W) mixed with (0.5 ml) corn oil to each rat for last five days of experimental. Group three the rats were given (100ml/cage) of Zamzam water as drinking water daily for ten days. Group four the rats were given (100ml/cage ) of Zamzam water for five days , after that given n-hexan 300uL/kg .B.W) mixed with (0.5 ml) corn oil last five days of experimental with continuous given Zamzam water . Kidney tissues of each rat were immediately removed and after weighted put into 10% neutral buffer formalin as a fixative solution. Ki-67 or P53 receptor subunits were examined in deparaffinized sections (5 µm) using an Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase (ABC) immunohistochemical method.

The results: The results observed significantly increase in the weight of the kidneys in the group treated with n-hexane in compared with control group, also relative decrease in weight of the kidneys in the group co-treatment with zamzam water and n-hexane. The detection and distribution of PCNA immunoreactivity (PCNA-ir) in the kidney sections in the different groups under study were observed. Faint positive reaction for PCNA-ir in the kidney sections in control and Zamzam water group, Strong positive reactions for PCNA-ir were detected in n-Hexane group, while a moderate positive reaction for PCNA-ir in the kidney sections with pre -treatment Zamzam water revealed normal structure of malpighian capsule and renal tubules with moderate degeneration of epithelia cell.  Conclusions: Exposure to n- hexane showed higher toxic effect with severe kidney damage and treatment with zamzam water alone improved the antioxidant status of rats and could be useful as antioxidant against environmental stress induced by toxic chemicals.

Vol.3 No.2 - 2

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Vol3 No.2 -1 :Prevention of Etoposide induced kidney toxicity, electrolytes, injury and KI67 alternations in male rats treated with star anise

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By :Ali Salman Hassan Al-Ameri

Abstract

Star anise (Illicium verum) has been used in folk medicine of China, India, and most other Asian countries to treat stomach aches, vomiting, insomnia, dermal inflammation and rheumatic pain as well as a common spice usage. The present study was designed to investigate the possible ameliorating effect of star anise fruit extract against Etoposideinduced nephrotoxicity in rats to prove the evidence of its traditional pharmacological effectiveness. A total of 40 male Wister albino rats were divided randomly into four groups (1st group was control; 2nd group was treated with star anise, 3rd group was received Etoposide, and 4th group was treated with both star anise and Etoposide. The administration of Etoposide significantly caused elevation in creatinine, blood urea, sodium, potassium and chloride while calcium ions was significantly decrease when compared with control group. Co-treated rat with star anise and Etoposide maintained the levels of the measured some parameters (creatinine, chloride and calcium ions) closer to the normal values while urea, sodium and potassium ions were significantly decrease when compared with Etoposide group. Histopathological evidence, together with observed Ki67-ir, supported the detrimental effect of Etoposide and the ameliorating effect of star anise water extract on renal toxicity. Finally, it could be concluded that star anise has a promising role and it worth to be considered as a natural substance for ameliorating the renal toxicity and injury induced by Etoposide chemotherapy.

2017 JBSAR Ali Alameri

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Vol3 No.1 -4 : Silymarin extract modulates toxicity, injury, oxidative stress and PCNA alternations induced by tramadol in rat liver

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By : Nadhom Abd Khalaf

Abstract

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of silymarin supplementation on Tramadol induce injury, oxidative stress and PCNA expression alterations on liver in rats. For this purpose 40 male albino rats were divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks (group 1 was control, group 2 was silymarin, group 3 was Tramadol and group 4 was Tramadol plus silymarin). The obtained results revealed that; serum GPT, GOT, ALP, GGT activities and MDA levels in liver tissues were significantly increase in rats treated with Tramadol as compared to control group while, total protein, albumin, globulin levels in serum, GSH, SOD and catalase levels in liver tissues levels were significantly decrease in Tramadol group when compared with control rats. Liver sections in rats treated with Tramadol exhibited mild positive reactions were detected for PCNA-ir, marked dilation or congestion in central veins, marked cellular infiltrations, atrophied and vacuolated hepatocytes. Treated rats with Tramadol plus silymarin succeeded to modulate these observed abnormalities resulting from Tramadol as indicated by the reduction of enzymes activity and the pronounced improvement of the investigated biochemical, antioxidant parameters, oxidative stress, hepatic injury and PCNA alterations. Further studies are needed to investigate the impacts of tramadol on human health.

2017 JBSAR

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Vol3 No.1 -3 :Effect of Some Environmental Factors and Antifungals on Growth of Epidermophyton floccosum

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By : Talal Hussain Saleh

Abstract

Epidermophyton floccosum was isolated from infected patient with tinea unquium. The identification
based on morphological and microscopic features. The study showed that (SDA) was the best medium compared with (PDA). Optimum temperature of growth was 25ºC on (SDA) for (14) days while the temperature 37ºC showed great redaction in the growth. The optimum PH of growth was 6 on (SDA) at 25ºC for (14) days while the PH 8 showed greatly reduction in the growth. The antifungals susceptibility tests showed that Terbinafine (TER) was high active agents for inhibition of growth that other antifungal (Itraconazole). While the results showed resistant to Fluconazole.

بحث دكتور طلال

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Vol3 No.1 -2 : Hepatitis Delta Virus among Hepatitis B Virus Infected Patients in Jordan: Where Do We Stand?

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By : ’Samer F. Swedan, 2Ziad A. Elnasser and ’Majd N. Brik Hnidi

Abstract

Infection by Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) which can only replicate in the presence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prevalence of HDV in Jordan is lacking. Blood samples were randomly obtained from 100 patients seropositive for active HBV. Sera were analyzed using highly sensitive and specific ELISA kits for the presence of specific HBV and HDV antigens and antibodies. Overall, samples were collected from 70 males and 30 females with an average age of 37.9 years and an age range of 13-62 years. The 94% of samples were from individuals older than 18 years. All samples were confirmed for the presence of active HBV infection. The 1 and 3% of the HBV infected individuals demonstrated markers of active and recovered HDV infection, respectively. These findings suggest that HBV positive individuals have a small but significant risk of acquiring HDV. We recommend the implementation of periodical testing for HDV infection among all HBV infected individuals and the administration of the HBV vaccine to unvaccinated individuals.

بحث مجد
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Vol3 No.1 -1 : Therapeutic effectiveness of fenugreek seeds on pancreatic toxicity in young and adult male rats exposed to water nitrate pollution

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By : Azza M. El-Wakf ; Ashraf Z. Mahamoud*; Hanaa A. Hassan, Abeer E. Abdrabouh. and Marwa N. Habza

Abstract

Water nitrate pollution has been demonstrated to induce pancreatic toxicity, with increased risk of devel-oping diabetes and exocrine pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to evaluate mechanisms that lead to pan-creatic toxicity in nitrate exposed young and adult male rats, as well as the preventive effect of fenugreek seeds against these changes. Nitrate exposure of both ages showed almost identical changes, including sig-nificant reduction in serum insulin with elevation in blood glycosylated hemoglobin , serum glucose , acid phosphatase, α-amylase and pancreatic tumor marker (carcinoembryonic antigen),indicating a tendency for developing diabetes, in association with pancreatic cancer which seemed of greatest value in the young group. An elevation in pancreas levels of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, with a re-duction in the antioxidants; superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as glutathione and its metabolizing enzymes; glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase and γ- glutamyl transferase were also demonstrated. This goes with marked changes in insulin gene profile, as indicated by appearance of new band with a molecu-lar weight 275 bp and absence of three (1100, 825 and 750) bands as compared to the control of each age. Feeding fenugreek seeds powder to all nitrate exposed rats prevented changes in serum glucose, insulin, pancreatic tumor marker, oxidative stress biomarkers and insulin gene profile, indicating effectiveness of this plant to elicit cyto-protection against nitrate – induced pancreatic toxicity, probably through its antioxi-dant properties.

Vol 3 No. 1-1
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