Vol.5 No.1 – 5 : Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and oxidative stress markers based -scores to improve the diagnostic accuracy of chronic kidney diseases

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By : Toson el-SA1 , Waly S1, Omran MM2,*

1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Biomarkers can detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) in an early stage. Patients and methods: 75 individuals suffering from chronic kidney disorders were included in this study. Serum Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) was assayed using ELISA. Nitric oxide (NO) in addition to total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was colormetrically measured. Results: NGAL was the most efficient marker among others. Its area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were 0.91 and 0.80 for differentiating patients with CKD from control individuals and discriminating patients in late stages from those in early stages, respectively. The stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) selected two novel indexes. The first is to differentiate patients in late stages from those in early stages of CKD; namely NGAL- Total antioxidant capacity (NT) score. The second is to differentiate all of these patients from those of the control subjects; namely NGAL- nitric oxide (NN) score. The AUCs of NT and NN score were 0. 84 and 0.93; respectively. Conclusion: NT and NN scores may add more in evaluation and prediction of the progression of CKD.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and oxidative stress markers based -scores to improve the diagnostic accuracy of chronic kidney diseases-converted

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Vol.5 No.1 – 4 : Evaluation of the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Millettia zechiana and its action on the evolution of anemia in albino rats.

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By : Karamoko Chérif Moustapha1,2*, Touré André Offianan2, Bla Kouakou Brice1, Tuo Karim2, N’guessan Yao Honoré1, Bidie Alain dit Philippe1

1University of Félix Houphouët Boigny, 22 PO Box 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire

2 Institut Pasteur of Côte d’Ivoire, 01 PO Box 490 Abidjan 01

Abstract

Background: Malaria is a parasitic infection that leads to anemia and death. Unfortunately, the upsurge of chemo-resistance prompted researchers to focus on new antimalarial drugs. Objectives: This work aimed to evaluate the antiplasmodial and antianemic activity of Millettia zechiana. Methods: the In vitro activity was assessed on clinical isolates and the standard strain of Plasmodium falciparum K1, using the SYBR green I test. Moreover, the antianemic activity was evaluated in phenylhydrazine-induced anemic albino rats. Results/discussion: The ethyl acetate and hydroethanolic extract exhibited an antiplasmodial activity with IC50s of 6.14 and 12.14 μg/mL respectively on the Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain. As for the in vivo antianemic activity, the ethyl acetate extract was the most active with better hematological reconstitution percentages. The presence of chemical compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and quinonic substances in both extracts, could be responsible for their activities. Conclusion: Millettia zechiana could be a potential source for novel antimalarial drugs and might be used as an improved traditional medicine on account of its availability.

Evaluation of the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Millettia zechiana and its action on the evolution of anemia in albino rats.-converted

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Vol.5 No.1 – 3 : Biochemical and pathological evaluation of the effectiveness of nano-targeted sono-photodynamic therapy in breast cancer

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By: Ahmed A Jasim1,2, Jubran M. Abdulrahman1,3 ,  Samir A. Abd El-kaream4,

Gihan Hosny1*

1Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Egypt.

2Al-NahrainUniversity, Biotechnology Research center, Baghdad, Iraq.

3Center of Research and Educational Studies, Ministry of Education, Baghdad, Iraq.

4Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: Sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) is a novel cancer treatment therapy that uses the light of a particular wavelength and sound of a particular frequency to activate a light- and sonosensitive material which attaches selectively tumor cells, causing their breakdown. The present work aims to investigate biochemically and pathologically the effectiveness of using SPDT in combination with either nano-5-aminolevulinic acid (nano-ALA) or nano-Chlorophyll (nano-Chl), as sono-photosensitizers, in curing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumor implanted to group of mice. Methods: A total of 130 male Swiss albino mice with age 60–65 day, weighing 20 ± 2.0 g, were used in this experiment. Two sources of energy were used; namely infrared laser (IR) and Ultrasound for 3 min. When the tumor had grown to about 10 mm in diameter at day 10 after inoculation, the treatment strategy was started. Six experimental groups were investigated. Biochemical analyses were carried out to detect the serum levels for activities of oxidative stress enzymes, liver and kidney functions. Pathological analyses were carried out to evaluate the effect of different treatment modalities on tumor treatment.  Results: It was observed that SPDT utilizing nano-ALA or nano-Chl ameliorated the activity levels of the studied enzymes in mice bearing tumor lesions, indicating the safe and non-toxic treatment modality. Pathological evaluation showed that targeted SPDT caused almost complete destruction of cancer cells. Conclusion: The results suggest that nano-ALA or nano-Chl could be used as novel and safe nano-materials with great potential as effective drug delivery system in cancer-targeted SPDT.

Biochemical and pathological evaluation of the effectiveness of nano-converted

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Vol.5 No.1 – 2 : Role of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 for Diagnosing Acute Myocardial Infarction

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By : Mohamed M. Omrana*, Faten M. Zahranb, Mohamed Kadryc,

Arafa A. M. Belal c, Reihan M.Sd

a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science,  Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt;

b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt;

c Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt;

 d Cardiology Department, Faculty of  Medicine, New Damietta, Al-Azhar University, Egypt;

*Corresponding author: Mohamed Mostafa Omran, PhD: E-mail: drmmomran@yahoo.com

Abstract

Background:Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) controlled and promoted by inflammation within coronary plaque. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is pro-inflammatory mediator, that’s playing a major role in plaque rupture. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of MCP-1 for early diagnosis of AMI among chest pain (CP) patients. Methods: MCP-1 and cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) were performed for all studied patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers. Results: Baseline level of MCP-1 has good capacity for discriminating patients with AMI from non coronary chest pain (NCCP), stable angina (SA) and unstable angina (UA)  patients with efficiency 91%, 91% and 83%; Respectively. Area under the curves (AUCs) of MCP-1 for diagnosis AMI patients at 0-6 hours and > 6-12 hours after onset time of CP were 0.69 (P < 0.001); and 0.71(P < 0.0001); respectively, compared with cTnI were 0.58 (P < 0.001) and 0.67 (P < 0.001); respectively. However, at > 12-24 hours, cTnI has AUC 0.93 (P < 0.0001) compared with MCP-1 0.74 (P < 0.0001). In conclusion: Independent early baseline MCP-1 has given sufficient diagnostic information for patients with AMI.

Role of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 for Diagnosing

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Vol.5 No.1 – 1 : Protective role of rosemary extract against Etoposide induced liver toxicity, injury and KI67 alterations in rats

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By: *Ehab Tousson, Ahmed Masoud, Ezar Hafez, Majd Almakhatreh

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

*Corresponding author: toussonehab@yahoo.com

Abstract

Etoposide is chemotherapeutic drugs that inhibit topoisomerase II activity and long been used for treatment of human malignancies. The present study was designed to investigate the possible protective effect of rosemary extract against Etoposide-induced liver toxicity, injury and KI67 alterations in rats. A total of 40 male Wister albino rats were divided randomly into four groups (1st group was control; 2nd group was treated with rosemary, 3rd group was received Etoposide, and 4th group was treated with both rosemary and Etoposide. The administration of Etoposide significantly caused elevation in ALT, AST, ALP and liver damage while albumen, total proteins and KI67 expressions were significantly decrease when compared with control group. Co-treated rat with rosemary and Etoposide maintained the levels of the measured parameters. Finally, it could be concluded that rosemary has a promising role and it worth to be considered as a natural substance for protective the liver toxicity and injury induced by Etoposide chemotherapy.

Protective role of rosemary extract against Etoposide induced liver toxicity, injury and KI67 alternations in rats-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 19 : Annexin V and CXCR4 Expression in Adult Immune Thrombocytopenia. Control Randomized Study. (Annexin in ITP)

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By : Rania M fawzy1, Amal S Nasr1, Noha M. El Husseiny2*, Mona Gamil2, Heba H. El Demellawy3, Hend M Hassan1, Ibrahim A. Ibrahim 2

1 Clinical Pathology Department – Faculty of Medicine-Cairo University- Egypt.

2-Internal medicine Department – Faculty of Medicine- Cairo University– Egypt.

3  Internal Medicine Department- Faculty of Medicine-Beni-Sweif University- Egypt

*Correspondence: noha_el_husseiny77@yahoo.com

Abstract

Background: Annexin V is a cellular protein used to detect apoptotic cells by its ability to bind to phosphatidylserine, a marker of apoptosis when it is on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane.CXCR4 is expressed on cells of megakaryocytic series, especially platelets,  and plays an important role in megakaryopoiesis. Both were  used to study pathogenesis  of ITP in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate Annexin V as marker of early apoptosis and the CXCR4 expression as marker of megakaryopoiesis  in adult patients with ITP. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 60 patients with ITP with a mean age 39.23± 12.49 and 40 healthy subjects with a mean age 36.08± 9.4 as a control group. Using the flow cytometry, we investigated apoptotic markers of platelets annexin V and megakaryopoiesis marker CXCR4  expression. Results: The percentage of the platelet with early apoptosis positive markers (Annexin -D1) were less frequent in the ITP group compared to the control group (p<0.001), the percentage of the platelet with late apoptosis positive markers (Annexin -D2), living platelet (Annexin-D3), necrotic platelet (Annexin-D4) were more frequent in the ITP group compared to the control group (p=0.62, p<0.001, p=0.016) respectively.  The percentage of the platelets with CXCR4 expression was lower in ITP patients compared to the controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: pathogenesis of ITP in adults is complicated. Platelet Annexin V together with CXCR4 expression may detect apoptosis resistance in adult patients with ITP.

Annexin V and CXCR4 Expression in Adult Immune Thrombocytopenia. Control Randomized Study.-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 18 : Knowledge of Adolescents Regarding the Factors Contributing to Mental Health at a Selected Nursing College in Indore

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By : Jinu K Rajan

Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences

Majmaah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Email:jinukrajan@rediffmail.com

Abstract

Background: Mental health is simultaneous success at working, loving, creating with the capacity for nature and flexible resolution of conflicts between instincts, conscience and reality (American Psychiatric Association, 2001).Materials and Methods. The main objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of adolescents regarding the factors contributing to mental health in a selected college and to compare the knowledge of adolescents on factors contributing to mental health with their selected demographic data. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 100 college students between 17 to 21 years of age group, selected by stratified random sampling to assess their knowledge regarding factors contributing to mental health by using close ended questionnaire at Index Nursing College , Indore. Results : Observation shows that highest percentage (32%) of the college students were in the age group of 21 year and above of, majority (60%) of them were female students, almost all (90%) of them were from nuclear family, highest percentage (42%) of them were belongs to income group of Rs. 1251 and above, highest percentage (53%) of them were from urban area, majority (63%) of them were Hindus and majority (64%) of them received information from mass media. The total mean knowledge score of college students was 12.37±4.53 which is 56.23% of maximum obtainable score which revealing average knowledge, whereas highest mean score (1.42±0.62) which is 71% of maximum score on verbatim for relaxation revealing good knowledge & lowest mean score (3.63±1.91) which is 51.86% of maximum score on nutrition for mental health revealed average knowledge. Association of demographic variables with the knowledge  score shows that significant association was found between knowledge scores & age and class in which studying, whereas no significant association was found between knowledge score and sex, type of family, per month per capita income, residence, religion and source of information. Conclusion: From the findings of the present study it can be concluded that, the knowledge of students regarding factors contributing mental was good on regarding to relaxation. Over all mean, SD and mean score revealed that students having average knowledge regarding factors contributing mental health. The knowledge scores of the students when compared with selected demographic variables revealed significant association was found on age and class in which studying.

Knowledge of Adolescents Regarding the Factors Contributing to Mental Health at a Selected Nursing College in Indore-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 17 : Evaluation of circulating antigen in urine technique for diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infection

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By : Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Ahmed A. Yameny (Email: dr.ahmedyameny@yahoo.com)

DOI: 10.21608/jbaar.2018.155494

Abstract

Background : Diagnosis of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis by detecting circulating Schistosome antigens in serum and urine have been developed and assessed to dissolve problems with parasitological diagnosis in low endemic areas or for early diagnosis, this study aimed to evaluate commercially available kit, using circulating antigen in urine as alternative for microscopic testing of urine to diagnose S.haematobium infection Subjects and methods: This study is a cross-sectional study designed to evaluate circulating antigen a commercially available kit was used for determine urinary schistosomiasis  in the study population, this performed on 50 positive S.haematobium samples and 50 negative samples for individuals matching in age and sex , in addition, urine microscopic examination was done for detection of S.haematobium eggs by sedimentation centrifugation and nuclepore filteration techniques. Results :  The results showed that circulating antigen kit in urine had a sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 76%.. PPVs was 70% whereas NPVs was 63.3 %. As for diagnostic efficiency, it was 66%, where the area under the curve (AUC) was sufficient 0.63 . Conclusion and Recommendations: Years ago this commercial kit used in our study and in all medical laboratories in Egypt for detection of schistosome antigen in urine is called schistofast bilharzial antigen in urine , this study showed low sensitivity (56%) and lowe specificity (76) than expected resuls for detection of circulating antigen and they are generally more expensive than microscopic examination.

Evaluation of circulating antigen in urine technique for diagnosis of schistosoma haematobium infection-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 16 : Morphospecies diversity of soil invertebrates in Cultivated and Uncultivated fields

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By: Abrar Maqtan1, Hishamuddin Omar1, Muskhazli Mustafa1, Nur Ain Izzati M Zainudin1, Daljit Singh Karam2

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Abstract

The soil environment is teeming with living organisms full of biological life and is one of the most abundant and diverse ecosystems on earth. However, due to unsustainable agriculture practices, the fertile topsoil is often lost; the soil becomes useless for agriculture. Therefore, we cannot lose sight on the fundamental role of the soil biological entities in maintaining the sustainability of the soil, and the role of organism’s biodiversity in the soil to counter against various stress. Therefore, the main objective of this work is detecting diversity and density of soil invertebrates between cultivated field (Ladang 2) and uncultivated field (CEFS), Results showed that the highest abundance to invertebrates was recorded at CEFS 834 with 3.7 m2 density and the lowest was in Ladang 2: 225 with 1.2 m2 density, belonging to 35 different morphospecies from 4 Phylum, 4 subphyla, 6 class, 2 subclass and 19 orders.  A total of 15 morphospecies were collected in the cultivated field Ladang 2, while 25 morphospecies were collected in the uncultivated filed CEFS. Out of 25 morphospecies found in this area, 10 were exclusive to this environment. Annelida, Amphipoda, Isopoda, Collembola and Hymenoptera were the dominant taxa in CEFS, comprising: 8.15%, 10.55%, 17.98%, 14.14% and 26.97% respectively. But Acarina, Coleoptera and Insect larva 39.68%, 5.95% and 3.97% respectively were the dominated taxa in Ladang 2. The diversity was highest in the CEFS (H = 2.29) and lowest in the Ladang2 field (H = 1.74). Unfortunately, many aspects of the soil invertebrates have not been documented in Malaysia. For example, why they become dominant in certain location and what is the impact on that particular ecosystem.  This study showed that it is essential to maintain natural habitat because agricultural practices have major influence on soil invertebrate diversity and hopefully through this study able to suggest sound agriculture management to safeguard the soil ecosystems. Due to the limited information pertaining to soil invertebrates in Malaysia and limited scope of this study, it is premature to make any conclusion and therefore warrant further studies.

Morphospecies diversity of soil invertebrates in Cultivated and Uncultivated-converted

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Vol.4 No.4 – 15 : Gonad variation and development of freshwater mussel Chambardia rubens Lamarck, 1819 (Bivalvia: Mutelidae) from the River Nile in Egypt

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BY: Mostafa Morad1*, Mona Fathi Fol2, Irene Sameh Gamil1 and Reda Mohammad Mansour1

    • 1-Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt.
    • 2-Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.

Abstract

The gametogenesis, reproductive cycle and larval morphology of Chambardia rubens (Bivalvia: Mutelidae) are studied for the first time in Egypt. A total of 46 mussels were collected seasonally from winter to autumn 2017 from Benha (Qaluobiya Governorate) along the River Nile in Egypt. Histological examinations demonstrates that C. rubens is a dioecious species and 22 were females with prevalence rate 47.8% and 24 were males with prevalence rate 52.2 %. The gonads of both male and female specimens were found to be paired and symmetrical organs, situated between the digestive gland and intestine. Oogenesis was divided into four stages; oogonia, previtellogenic oocytes, vitellogenic oocytes and postvitellogenic oocytes while spermatogenesis passed through spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. Sperm morulae were also detected. The reproductive cycle was intense in winter including the four developmental stages of gonads; developing, ripe (mature), spawning and spent stages, respectively. The eggs and larval stages (lasidia) were incubated for a short period within the inner demibranchs so C. rubens can be considered as endobranchous and tachytictic brooders. Light microscopy revealed that the eggs with vitelline membrane and the larvae contain internal threads with an anterior outgrowth. Scanning electron microscopy examinations revealed that the eggs are with smooth membrane without any folds with the presence of anterior outgrowth in the larvae.

Gonad variation and development of freshwater mussel Chambardia rubens Lamarck, 1819 Bivalvia Mutelidae from the River Nile in Egypt-converted

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