Vol.9 No.3-5:Antifungal activity of essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum on Rhynchosporium secalis, the causal agent of barley Scald

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By: Naima Essouaadi1,2, Aicha El aissami3, , Abduladeem G.M.Al-Selwi4, Sanae Karim3, Mustapha Labhilili2, Houda Khalifi 1, Soukaina Hamoumi 1, Mohamed Benchacho1 andFatiha Bentata2*

1 Botanical laboratory, biotechnology and protection of plants, university of Science Kénitra Morocco

2Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Unit, Institute of Agricultural Research Rabat Morocco

3 Botanical laboratory, biotechnology and protection of plants, University of Science of Rabat –       Morocco

4Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat-Morocco

Abstract

Scald caused by Rhynchosporium secalis is one of the most devastating barley foliar diseases worldwide. Morocco has not been spared from this scourge. Our research focused on the antifungal effects of clove essential oil. Essential oils are extracted from the flower buds of aromatic plants using hydrodistillation. According to this study, the obtained extraction rate (9.07%) is quite satisfactory, making the plant a valuable natural resource. The aroma essential oil was identified by gas chromatography, and its main component was eugenol with a content of more than 52%, followed by eugenol acetate (25.94%), caryophyllene (7.845%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.74%). Two R. secalis isolates were tested for antibacterial efficacy. For the two isolates (Rs1 and Rs2) at a low concentration of 0.4 µl/ml, complete inhibition was observed under the action of S. aromaticum essential oil. According to our results, the essential oil has an antifungal effect on Scald.

Antifungal-activity-of-essential-oil-of-Syzygium-aromaticum-on-Rhynchosporium-secalis-the-causal-agent-of-barley-Scald

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Vol.9 No.3-4:Relationship between LSP1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to chronic kidney disease with hypertensive

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By: Ahmed MudherAL khaykanee1,Thulfeqar Ahmed Hamza2, Soura Alaa Hussein3

1 General Directorate of Education of Babylon Governorate, Iraq

2 Chemistry Department- College of Science for Women – University of Babylon, Iraq

3Al-Rafidain University College, Iraq

Abstract

Background: LSP1 gene polymorphisms have been tied with some diseases as well as some types of cancer.      Aims: aimed to Evaluate the link of LSP1gen  rs569550 andrs592373 linked with CKD with hypertension. Methods: 100 patients with CKD without hypertension, 100 patients with CKD with hypertension, and 100 controls were genotyped for LSP1gen  rs569550 andrs592373 using allele-specific Real-Time PCR analysis.

Results: genotype TT and GT of the LSP1 rs569550 were associated with a significantly lower risk of CKD with hypertension in patients with CKD without hypertensive  [OR (95 % CI) = 0.2 (0.08 – 0.4), P < 0.001and[OR (95 % CI) = 0.38 (0.28 – 1.23), P < 0.001*]. Patients less likely to be affected were carriers of the allele T . CKD with hypertensive than those they have the G allele [OR (95 % CI) = 0.43 (0.29 – 0.67), P < 0.001*].

Related LSP1rs592373  the variant genotypes, TC and CC were significantly associated with increased risk of CKD with hypertensive [OR (95 % CI) =4.01 (1.98 – 6.5), P < 0.001 and OR (95 % CI) =8.7 (3.01 –25.65), p <0.001 respectively]. Similar trends were observed at the allele levels, carriers of the C allele were at a higher risk for developing CKD with hypertensive [OR (95 % CI) = 3.02 (2.05 – 3.98), p< 0.001].

Conclusions: LSP1 rs569550 and rs592373 genes were associated with CKD with hypertensive sensitivity suggesting its inclusion in CKD with hypertensive in CKD without hypertensive patients.

Relationship-between-LSP1-polymorphisms-and-the-susceptibility-to-chronic-kidney-disease-with-hypertensive

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Vol.9 No.3-3: Effects of COVID-19 vaccine on experimentally infected mice with Schistosoma mansoni

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By: Salwa Fouad Oshiba1*, Nancy Mahmoud Harba1, Manal Ahmed El Melegy1, Shaymaa Sabry El Gammal2, Asmaa Ramadan Hegazy1, Noha Ahmed Abokhalil1

1 Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

2 Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt

Abstract

Background: In developing countries, schistosomiasis is a serious illness. Schistosomiasis continues to reach new areas despite coordinated management strategies. Therefore, to increase vaccination effectiveness, additional antigens and adjuvants must be discovered. Additionally, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine that has already been developed must be used to combat other illnesses that are currently present. The ongoing study goal was to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccine’s impact on experimentally Schistosoma (S.) mansoni-infected mice.

Main body: Seventy-two mice were used in that research. The mice were placed into eight groups, each with eight mice, except for two chronic groups, each included twelve mice. Two intramuscular injections of the vaccine were administered at intervals of three weeks. Two weeks following the first dosage of the vaccine, S. mansoni infection was performed. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 vaccination on S. mansoni infection, tests were performed on worm load, hepatic and intestinal ova count, oogram pattern, hepatic granuloma number and diameter, and Masson’s trichrome for fibrosis. To evaluate toxicity and morbidity; urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes were performed. To measure the immunological effects; interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 serum concentrations were measured. For further analysis, immunohistochemical staining on liver sections for detection of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and alpha-smooth muscle (α-SM) was performed. Results revealed that the COVID-19 vaccination was linked to a considerable reduction in tissue egg load and worm burden along with an increase in the percentage of eggs that were dead. The number and diameter of the granulomas were significantly reduced. Additionally, a lower proportion of fibrosis was seen on Masson’s trichrome-stained sections. Decreased schistosomiasis-related morbidity and reduction in the H scores of TGF-β and α-SM in the tissues were also observed.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 vaccine reduces the worm burden, pathology, and morbidity of S. mansoni. These findings indicated that more research into the effects of various COVID-19 vaccines on schistosomes is necessary both alone and in conjunction with other Schistosoma vaccines.

Effects-of-COVID-19-vaccine-on-experimentally-infected-mice-with-Schistosoma-mansoni-1

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Vol.9 No.3-2:Biomolecular evaluation of apoptosis, cell cycle, oxidative stress, and limiting enzymes of the glycolytic pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 treated with crude snake venom with or without sorafenib

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By: Maha Y. Abdel Al Shakour1, Emad M. Elzayat2*, Khalid M. Mahmoud3,

Mamdouh I. Nassar4, Abdel Hamid Z. Abdel-Hamid5

1PhD student at Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

2* Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

3Pharmacognosy Department, NRC, Giza, Egypt

4Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

5Therapeutic Chemistry Department, NRC, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Natural venoms have biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects.  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a worldwide problem and difficult to treat by chemotherapeutic agents especially sorafenib (SOR), as it evokes many harsh side effects and is disable to differentiate between normal and cancer cells. Objective: The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that combining crude venoms of the snake or the bee or the scorpion could synergistically enhance the antiproliferative effects of SOR in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Experimental design: Separate crude venoms have been applied to HepG2 cells and normal human retinal cells(RBE1) for estimation of IC50. The most effective venom has been combined with sorafenib in five nonconstant ratios and the combination index (CI) was estimated to expose their synergistic or antagonistic action. The best combination was used for downstream analysis. Results: The crude snake venom exhibited the most cytotoxic effect and the least IC50. It has been combined with sorafenib, and the combination index (CI) was calculated. IC25 SV + IC10 SOR was the best combination with CI=0.209 indicating high synergistic cytotoxic activity against HepG2. The underlining molecular mechanisms of action, in terms of the expression level of apoptotic genes (p53, Bax, Caspase 3, and Bcl2), flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle, oxidative stress markers as well as the activity of some limiting enzymes in the glycolytic pathway (ALDOB, PK and LDH) have been investigated.

Conclusion: Our results suggest a novel synergistic, and anti-proliferative effect of snake venom with sorafenib on HepG2 cells.

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