Vol.9 No.1-5: Effect of Phoenix dactylifera seeds extract on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice

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By: Karim Samy El-Said*, Walaa Abasery Amoush, Amro El-Sherbeni Mohamed

Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt

Abstract

Heavy metals are common contaminants that have negative impacts on the body’s organs and systems. Date (Phoenix dactylifera) has a great interest in biomedical applications and traditional medicine for managing several diseases. This study evaluated the impact of Phoenix dactylifera seed extract (PDSE) on cadmium (Cd)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Fifty mice were equally divided into five groups, G1 was negative control, G2 was injected i.p. with PDSE (300 mg/kg b.wt) daily, G3 was injected i.p. with Cd (6.5 mg/kg b.wt) daily, G4 was injected with Cd and PDSE as in G2 and 3, respectively. G5 was injected with Cd as in G3 and then with EDTA (25 mg/kg b.wt). On day 15, sera samples were collected for biochemical parameters assessment. Liver tissues were collected for the determination of oxidants/antioxidants biomarkers and histopathological investigations. The results showed that treatment with PDSE significantly ameliorated the hepatic dysfunctions in the Cd-intoxicated mice evidenced by significant improvement in the ALT, AST, ALP, and total protein levels as well as in the total bilirubin and GGT levels.

Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the SOD and CAT activities with a significant decrease in MDA levels after treatment of Cd-injected mice with PDSE. Also, treatment with PDSE resulted in improvement in the hepatic architectures alterations induced by Cd. PDSE showed promising metal chelating activities in vitro and in Cd-intoxicated mice by ameliorating biochemical and histopathological alterations in the liver tissues induced by Cd of mice.

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Vol.9 No.1-4:VITAMIN D AND VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENE VARIANT IN EGYPTIAN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

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By: Doaa Mohammed Sultan1, Iman A. Mandour2, Khaled Mohamed Geba3, Asmaa Galal-Khallaf3 and Noha A. Radwan2

1Department of Zoology Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt

2Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Kasr Alainy Medical School, Cairo University, Egypt

3Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Monifeya University, Egypt

ABSTRACT:

Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with a controversial etiology. Both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved in the risk of developing the disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) BsmI variant with MS and to investigate the interaction of this variant with vitamin D levels. Method: 100 subjects were recruited for this study. Fifty patients were diagnosed with MS and 50 were healthy individuals. BsmI was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses in both groups and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were determined in MS patients by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The distribution of the genotype of VDR polymorphism BsmI did not differ significantly between MS patients and healthy controls. The G allele of BsmI was a statistically significant higher percentage in MS patients (p-value 0.045). There is no statistically significant difference in the level of 25(OH)D between MS patients and the control group. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that the VDR gene variant BsmI G allele may increase the risk of the development of MS.

VITAMIN-D-AND-VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR-GENE-VARIANT-IN-EGYPTIAN-MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS-PATIENTS-A-CASE-CONTOL-STUDY

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Vol.9 No.1-3:Parotoid gland secretions of the Egyptian toad (Bufo relgularis): In vivo antitumor effect on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing mice

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By: Sabry Ali El-Naggar1*, Mohamed Aboulfotouh Basyony1, Seham Mohamed El-Feki1*, Ramadan Mahmoud Kandyel1

1Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Parotoid gland secretions (PGS) contain several bioactive compounds with potential applications for drug development. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo antitumor effect of PGS collected from the Egyptian toad, Bufo relgularis using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice (EAC). Methods: The median lethal dose (LD50) of PGS was determined, then forty CD-1 female mice were divided into 4 groups (n=10) as follows: Group (Gp1) served as a negative control. Gp2-Gp4 had inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p) with 1×106 EAC cells/mouse. Then, Gp2 was left as a positive control (EAC- bearing mice). After 24 hours, Gp3 had injected i.p with Cisplatin (Cis) (2 mg/kg) on day 1 for 7 consecutive days. Gp4 had injected with 1/10 LD50 of PGS (7.85 mg/kg, b.wt) i.p for 7 consecutive days. All groups were sacrificed on day 14 to collect blood samples. The percentages of total body weight (% bwt) change, tumor volume, and total tumor cell counts were determined. Alanine and aspartate transaminases (ALT and AST), antioxidant /oxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, and MDA), and histological investigations of liver tissues were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the % b.wt changes were increased in EAC- bearing mice, while the treatment of EAC- bearing mice with PGS decreased its % b.wt changes. The treatment of EAC- bearing mice with PGS decreased the tumor volume and its counts. PGS treatment led to an improvement in AST, ALT, and antioxidant enzyme activities, and ameliorated the histopathological changes in the liver induced by EAC inoculation. Conclusion: We concluded that PGS had a potential anticancer effect against EAC- bearing mice.

Parotoid-gland-secretions-of-the-Egyptian-toad-Bufo-relgularis-In-vivo-antitumor-effect-on-Ehrlich-ascites-carcinoma-bearing-mice

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Vol.9 No.1 – 2:In Silico approach for identification, prediction of AMPD1 gene nsSNPs associated with Myoadenylate Deaminase deficiency

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By: Abrar Mohamed Gamar Mohamed1,2*,Abdelrahman Hamza Abdelmoneim Hamza2,3, Hiba Awadelkareem Osman Fadl4,5, Afra Mohamed Suliman Albkrye6, Hadeel Abdelsamea Mohamed Ahmed7, Hazem Abdo Mohamed Abubaker8 and Sahar Gamal Elbager9,10

1*Faculty of Medicine, Al-Zaiem Al-Azhari University, Khartoum, Sudan. abrar.gamer94@gmail.com

2Clinical Immunology Resident, Sudan Medical Specialization Board, Khartoum, Sudan.

3Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan. abduhamza009@gmail.com

4Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan. heba2015@hotmail.com

5Department of Medical Laboratory, Sudanese Medical Research Association, Khartoum, Sudan.

6Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bahri University, Khartoum, Sudan. aframoh2016@bahri.edu.sd

7Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan. hadeelabdelsamea@gmail.com

8Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. mr.haziem@hotmail.com

9Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. saharelbagir@gmail.com

10Department of Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

Abstract:

Background: Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic myopathy caused by mutations in the Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 gene. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 gene deficiency is one of the most common causes of exercise-induced myopathy. In this study, non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism was analyzed for its functional and structural impact which is deleterious to Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 protein. Methods: The data on human Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1gene was retrieved from the NCBI database on 9 JUNE 2021 and then analyzed using different bioinformatics prediction algorithms, namely: SIFT, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, SNAP2, PANTHER, SNPs and GO, PMut, and I-Mutant to detect the deleterious nsSNPs and its association with diseases. In addition, a Consurf web server was used to detect the functional SNPs in the conserved region. Chimera, Project Hope, and MutPred2 software were used to visualize and analyze the effect of nsSNPs on the functions and structure of the AMPD1 protein. Finally, both the STRING database and KEGG were used for the prediction of protein-protein interaction.  Results: A total of 6178 SNPs were reported in the human AMPD1 gene. In this study 583 missense nsSNPs were selected for investigation and only 72 nsSNPs were shortlisted and computationally evaluated for their impact on AMPD1 protein. From all servers that were used collectively (K320I, R421W, R458C, R458H, R51C, R757L, R761H, and G246S) nsSNPs were predicted as deleterious, associated with disease, highly conserved, and decrease effective stability of AMPD1 protein. In addition, the AMPD1 protein was predicted to have strong interactions with ten proteins involved in various ranges of biological processes.

Conclusion: The present study undertakes a systematic bioinformatics approach to identify functionally important nsSNPs in the human AMPD1 gene to understand how these mutations affect the protein function and structure and hence promote a myoadenylate deaminase deficiency.

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Vol.9 No.1 – 1: Study of the protective role of polyphenol antioxidants from extracted Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) against chlorpyrifos pesticide-induced toxicity in male rats

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By: Samer Ali Hasan1,*, Hind Bahjat Mohammed Aldik2, Farah Dheyaa Ahmed Haddad3

1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq

2 General Directorate of Education Baghdad Rusafa first, Iraq

3 General Directorate of Education Baghdad Karkh first, Iraq

Abstract:

Pesticides have been associated with oxidative stress and enhanced reactive oxygen species generation (chlorpyrifos). This study aimed to determine whether extracted damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) may effectively prevent chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in male rats. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) plasma levels have been measured in chlorpyrifos-intoxicated animals to quantitatively evaluate lipid peroxidation, and these measurements have shown a marked increase in the plasma levels of these animals. However, rats given damiana alone experienced a decrease in lipid peroxidation and an increase in the majority of the measured parameters. Furthermore, damiana pretreatment of chlorpyrifos-intoxicated rats significantly decreased (lipid peroxidation) in comparison to the control group. While plasma total protein (TP), albumin (A), urea, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), as well as glutathione content (GSH), fell significantly. The plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and triglycerides (TG) examined were considerably more significant in the rats exposed to chlorpyrifos than in the control group, although the level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) was lower. So according to our findings, chlorpyrifos pesticide caused renal and hepatic disorders via oxidative stress causing biochemical alterations. Otherwise, damiana showed a possible protective effect against chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity which may be attributed to the antioxidant properties of its polyphenolic compounds and its capacity to scavenge active free radicals.

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