Vol.7 No.2 – 6: Heterocyclic Compounds Containing N atoms as Corrosion Inhibitors: A review

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By: Auhood kadhim zaid* ,Samia Mezhr Merdas*, Muntaha Yassen Hayal**

*Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq.

**Pharmaceutical chemistry Branch, College of Pharmacy, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq

Abstract

Corrosion is the most important and costly cause of severe operational problems encountered in oil and gas production systems. It may occur anywhere in the production system, from the oil/gas well bottom to the final transfer of produced gas or oil to the refinery. Internal corrosion of carbon steel pipelines is a common and serious problem in oil and gas production, which is designed for long-term operation. It involves an interaction between the metal wall and the flowing fluids. This problem has caused the consideration of many corrosion control programs and research in various oilfields around the world. There is global use of carbon steels as materials of construction for pipes in the oil and gas industries.  Compounds triazoles and their derivatives have attracted huge attention due to their simple preparation and superior corrosion inhibition activity towards mild steel in acidic environments. Therefore, the present review aims to highlight the carried out using Compounds triazoles and their derivatives for steel protection in different corrosive environments.

Heterocyclic Compounds Containing N atoms as Corrosion Inhibitors A review-converted

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Vol.7 No.2 – 5: Genetic variations in some Egyptian Zea mexicana genotypes based on RAPD and AFLP markers

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By: K.H. Radwan1,2*, G.A. Abdelfattah1,3, M.A. Badawi1,4, E. M. Zayed5, M.M. Tarrd6. Manal M. S. El-Baghdady1, Reem M. Abd El-Maksoud1

1. Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza -12619, Egypt

2. National biotechnology Network of Expertise, ASRT, Egypt.

3. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA

4. Dép. des Sciences Biologiques, Univ. du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada

5. Cell Study Research Department (CSRD), Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt

6. Forage Crops Research Department (FCRD), Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza-12619, Egypt.

Abstract

Maize-Teosinte hybrids are of significant interest to maize breeders as a resource of genetic diversity during the maize domestication process as a genetic pool for maize improvement. This study examines the genetic diversity and population structure of 16 Zea mexicana populations which are currently active in Zea breeding programs in Egypt using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. RAPD analysis (14 primers) produced 141 bands; out of which, 102 (72.3%) were polymorphic. On the other hand, AFLP (5 primer combinations) yielded 276 peaks including 267 (96.7%) polymorphic ones with an average of 53.4 peaks per primer combination. A total of 11 unique RAPD markers were created by 6 primers and identified 8 genotypes. The five primer combinations generated 56 unique amplicons that successfully distinguished 12 out of the 16 genotypes tested. Furthermore, the number of observed alleles (Na), effective multiplex ratio (EMR), and polymorphic information content (PIC) indices showed higher values for AFLP (2.00, 53.4, and 0.21) than for RAPD (1.67, 7.3, and 0.15). Cluster analysis based on Nei and Li genetic distance and an Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) revealed 5 main clusters representing the 16 Zea mexicana confirming the population structure analysis obtained. High variability of the studied teosinte genotypes using RAPD and AFLP markers will provide valuable tools for Zea mexicana breeding programs in Egypt.

Genetic variations in some Egyptian Zea mexicana genotypes based on RAPD and AFLP Markers-converted

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Vol.7 No.2 – 4: A comparative study of student’s performance based upon TBL among two colleges in Khartoum, Sudan 2020

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Safinaz I Khalil1; Hiba Elzaki2; Mohammed EA Elameen2

1Department of Pharmacology, Alfajr College of sciences and Technology, Sudan

2Department of Community Medicine, Alfajr College of Sciences and Technology POBox 234 Alfajr College of Sciences and Technology, Sudan

Abstract

Introduction: Team-Based Learning establishes as a potential ramification educational strategy that ensures student’s high performance. TBL guarantees active learning and critical thinking this impacts student’s competency and improves their future achievements.  This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of TBL as a powerful educational strategy that fosters them for Problem based learning Curriculum. Methodology: Study Design: Descriptive prospective study.  Study Area: College A and College B, Pharmacology course, Medicine, Khartoum, Sudan. Study duration from July 2019 –January 2020. Study Population Medical students in College A and College B in an introductory Pharmacology Course. Sample size: All students in the second year, college of Medicine attending the Pharmacology course will be included in college A and all students in the third year, college of Medicine attending the Pharmacology course included in college B. Methods: Purposeful convenient sampling method all second-year medical students who attended the introductory Pharmacology course in College A and all students in the third year who attended Pharmacology course in College B  taught by the same Pharmacology Staff facilitator and received the same final exam questions. College A, students were taught in integrated course student-centered, team-based learning where they have a traditional lecture hall strategy. They are examined using best of four as a tool for assessment  College B, students were taught in a traditional lecture hall method, teacher-centered. They are examined using the best of four as a tool for assessment. Final results were collected from each group in College A and college B and compared. Results: showed that the mean ranks for the subclasses of the final examination performance that there was a significant result 0.001 obtained in college A students and college B students grade F with a mean rank of 7.08 and 16.22 respectively. For students who had grade C also this is a significant result of 0.019 where students in college A mean rank was 25.89 and 38.46 respectively. For students who had grade A again, there is a significant result of 0.004 where a student in college A mean rank was 61 in comparison to students in college B where the student’s mean rank was 43.88. In the other subclasses C+, B, and B+ there were no significant differences 0.952, 0.419, and 0.837 respectively. Conclusion: TBL improved the outcome of the students at the exam in the extremes of marks those with category mark C and those in category mark A.

A-comparative-study-of-student’s-performance-based-upon-TBL-among-two-colleges-in-Khartoum-Sudan-2020-converted-1

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Vol.7 No.2 – 3: Ultrastructure of spermatogenesis and gonad somatic cells of a hermaphrodite gland of Eobania vermiculata (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) Müller, 1774 in Egypt

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Mostafa Yahia Morad

Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt

Abstract

The spermatogenesis of adult snail Eobaniavermiculata was investigated using transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies. The hermaphrodite gland (ovotestis) is composed of many lobes which have numerous acini. Each acinus was filled with many stages of spermatogenesis and one or more oocytes. The oocytes were usually separated from the rest of the acinus by follicle cells. Spermatogenesis is divided into 5 stages; spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa. The gonadal somatic cells; Sertoli cells are divided into two types, cortical Sertoli cells, and luminal Sertoli cells.

Ultrastructure-of-spermatogenesis-and-gonad-somatic-cells-of-hermaphrodite-gland-of-Eobania-vermiculata-Gastropoda-Pulmonata-Müller-1774-in-Egypt-2

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Vol.7 No.2 – 2: Immunopathogenic mechanisms of primary glomerulonephritis

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L. M karzakova1; N. V Zhuravleva2; A. Y Abdelgafur2; S I Kudryashov2; A. M Nawar2

1Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the department of internal diseases, Chuvash state university; 15, Moscow avenue, Cheboksary, 428015, Russian Federation

2Chuvash State University named after I. N. Ulyanov “Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, 428015, Cheboksary, Russia

Abstract

The low effectiveness of the existing ways of treatment of glomerulonephritis (GN) requires the development of new treatment methods and profound studying of mechanisms of development of (GN). A review of modern literature data indicates a relationship between the development of (GN) with infection and activation of various components of the immune response. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns of infectious pathogens act as “danger signals” that activate Toll-like receptors of innate immune cells, as a result, a cascade of intracellular chain reactions is triggered, causing the production of growth factors and cytokines. The cytokine environment determines the pathway of differentiation of (CD 4+) helper cells into (Th1), (Th2), (Th17), and regulatory T cells (T reg). According to published data, a key link in the (GN) immunopathogenesis is an imbalance in the ratio of the activity of subpopulations of T helper cells, manifesting inhibition activity of (T reg) on a background of activation of effector cells ( T eff ) – (Th1), (Th2), (Th17). The activity of (Th1), (Th17)-cells are realized in the cellular mechanisms of the immunopathogenesis of (GN), while  (Th2)-cells provide activation of the humoral component of adaptive immunity and the production of antibodies involved in the formation of immune complexes (ICs). This is a general scheme of the immunopathogenesis of (GN), which has specific variations depending on the clinical and morphological form of (GN). In post-infectious (GN), the activation of the humoral link of adaptive immunity with the formation of (ICs) and their subsequent deposition in the capillaries of the glomeruli comes to the fore. A feature of the immune complex process in patients with (IgA) nephropathy is the formation of “nephritogenic” ICs containing abnormal (IgA) (with impaired glycosylation of the IgA molecule) and anti-glycan antibodies. (ICs) isolated from patients with membranous nephropathy contain the podocyte receptor of phospholipase A2 (PLA 2 R) and anti- (PLA 2 R) autoantibodies belonging to (IgG 4). The central link in the immunopathogenesis of minimal changes in nephropathy is the development of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction. The prevalence of activation of the cellular mechanism of adaptive immunity acts as the main mechanism for the development of focal segmental nephrosclerosis.

Immunopathogenic-mechanisms-of-primary-glomerulonephritis-converted

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