Vol.6 No.3 – 8: Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation and chemical Composition of Gum Isolated from Fenugreek Seeds

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By: Bushra B. G. Al-Shamari, Rawdhah M. A. Al-Ali, and Ali A. S. Al-Sahi

Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq

Abstract

The present study aimed to extract the gum from fenugreek seed and studying the chemical composition, the preliminary phytochemical, and the flow properties. The extraction was conducted under different conditions (temperature, soaking period, and mixing ratios of seeds: water).  The highest yield was of the fenugreek gum was 30.44% around 1:25w/v at 40 Cº for 4 h.  Preliminary qualitative chemical test for gum shows the presence of carbohydrate, protein, amino acids, fixed oil, fats, and Ruthenium red while Arabic gum and Acacia showed that carbohydrates were only found, the fenugreek gum had 9.4 % moisture, 2.3 % ash, 2.49% protein and 0.9% fat. The total polysaccharide content of isolated gum was determined spectrophotometrically using the phenol–sulphuric acid method. The total polysaccharide content was 84.75%. Arabic gum and Acacia had 5.44, 5.56 % moisture, 3.74, 2.975% Ash, 0.0% protein, 0.0% fat and 90.80, 91.25% carbohydrates. The gum showed good flow properties it has good viscosity of 72.40 CP compared to the Arabic gum  and Acacia 9.1, 9.61 CP higher concentration of NaCl and CaCl caused a larger decrease in viscosity, increasing or decreasing the pH and temperature led to the decrease of viscosity, and micrometric properties such bulk density, tapped density, Hausner’s ratio, Carr’s index, particle size and Angle of repose Bulk density was found to be 0.37 g/ml, tapped density was 0.58 g/ml, Carr’s index  was 36.20%, Hausner’s ratio 1.56 and Angle of repose was found to be 34.02.

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Vol.6 No.3 – 7: Estimation of combining ability and it’s variances in the cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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By: Jassim M. Aziz aljubori, and Omar A. Ahmed Al-tamemi

Department of field Grop, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, Iraq

Abstract

Ten of the genotypes of bread wheat ( Abu-Graib(1), Kawz (2), Osais (3), Site mall(4), Florka (5), Kalak (6), Millan (7), Hithab (8), Ibaa 99 (9) and Sham 6 (10) were used in this study with its half-diallel crosses, all of them were planted to be (10 parents + 45 crosses) in Dialla Governorate – Blad ruz province in the ( 2017-2018) season. (RCBD) Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replicates to study the Combining Ability for the traits: number of the days to spike formation stage, plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), number of the grains in the spike, number of the spikes/plant, the weight of 1000 grains (g) and single plant yield (g). Analysis of variance table showed significant difference of all parents and first filial crosses in the all studied traits at (1%) level of probability and the ratio between general combining ability to specific combining ability was less than one in the traits: number of the days to spike forming, plant height, leaf area and number of the spike (m2), while in the grain number of the spike, weight of 1000 grains and single plant yield was more than one to refer to the role of the Dominance action of the genes. The parent (Florka) showed a general combining ability for plant height, a number of the grains, and the grains yield, while the crosses (Abo-Graib X Heithab ) and (Kawz X Site mall ) showed significant differences to specific combining ability to the desired direction for more number of the traits included grain yield.

Estimation-of-combining-ability-and-it’s-variances-in-the-cultivars-of-bread-wheat-converted-1

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Vol.6 No.3 – 6: Study of the effect of sunlight on the chemical composition of Milk

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By: Qaswaa Y. Jameel

Food science Department, colleges of Agricultural and Forestry – Mosul University, Iraq

Abstract

Light-induced degradation reactions make a serious problem for the milk because of the development of flavors and a decrease in nutritional quality, materials of Packaging are important to avoid this particular degradation of milk. In this study, were divided milk into two groups (light exposed ) + (light protected (foil overwrap)) under the same cooling conditions at 3°C for 15 days, those expectant during the show in stores of retail and markets. And the effect of this on the chemical composition of milk, the results of my study then showed that the appropriate blocking light with an overwrap of foil helped inhibit lipid and protein Lipolysis compared with the samples exposed to light under the same cooling conditions. Therefore, the appropriate Blocking of visible light with foil overwrap can increase milk’s shelf life.

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Vol.6 No.3 – 5: Standpoints on immune responses against COVID-19

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By: Mabrouk A. Abo-Zaid1, Ahmed H. Ismail1, Ali H Amin2, 3

1: Biology department, faculty of science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

2: Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia;

3: Zoology Department, faculty of science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic disease has firstly occurred in Wuhan, Hubei, China. Then the infection spread globally. Many researchers now suggest the strong similarities of COVID-19 with the previous pathogenic human beta coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. But there is limited knowledge about the immune response to COVID-19. So on the basis of the immune response of these viruses, we will try to predict how the immune system can deal with this infection. In this review, we focus on human coronavirus types and discuss current knowledge of immune response against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV immune response, which may be helpful in offering the perspectives on immune responses against COVID-19.

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Vol.6 No.3 – 4: Factors Contributing to Perinatal Mortality in a Sample of Hospitals in the Health Directorate of Baghdad Al-Karkh in April 2018 – August 2019

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By: Fawzi H. Atshan1, Ibtesam F. Hassan1, Munir T. Salman1, and Basim M. jwad2

1 DR.Fawzi Hashim Atshan; Public Health Department / Baghdad Health Directorate – Al-Karkh

1DR.Ibtesam Farage Hassan; Public Health Department / Baghdad Health Directorate – Al-Karkh

1DR.Munir Talib Salman; Public Health Department / Baghdad Health Directorate – Al-Karkh

2Dr. Basim M. Jwad; Department of pathology and poultry diseases, Collages of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract

The Perinatal mortality rate is an important index of community health condition and quality of health service provided to the mother and their fetus during the 28 weeks of gestation till, after delivery, there are many factors that threaten their life. This study aimed to determine the perinatal mortality rate in Baghdad AL Karkh health directorate and to identify the contributing factors and main causes of perinatal mortality. A study based on a record review of the perinatal mortality in three hospitals in Baghdad Al-karkh for one year starting from 1st April 2018 and at the end in March 2019. The total deliveries were 27,096, while the total deaths were 1217 deaths during the perinatal period the perinatal mortality rate was 45 /1000, 67% of them with newborn death, 57% of fetal gender was male, 64 % of perinatal deaths were delivered by cesarean section, the most common maternal contributing factors is the complication of labor and delivery was 24% while the fetal causes are Respiratory and cardiovascular disorders specific to the perinatal period was 56%, the study revealed a significant relation or association between gestational age, mode of delivery, place of delivery, a product of delivery and age of the baby when dead and in another side this study revealed a no association between the mother’s age, the gender of the baby and the weight of the baby. The main causes of perinatal mortality deaths occur during the first 2 days and maybe modifiable with simple targeted perinatal policies with, quality improvement of the health care providing in labor rooms and neonatal care units.

Factors Contributing to Perinatal Mortality in a Sample of Hospitals in the Health Directorate of Baghdad Al-Karkh in April 2018 – August 2019.

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