Vol.5 No.4 – 6: Synthesis of Thiophenyl, Thiazolyl, and Pyridinyl Androstane Derivatives: A Novel Class of Potent Anti-inflammatory and Anti-ulcerogenic Heterocyclic Steroids

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By: Mervat M. Abd-Elhalima, Maher H. Helald, Dina S. El-kadya, Nahed H. Kameld, Amany A Sleemb, Omar M.E. Abdel-Salamc, Amira E. M. Abdallahd, Gamal A. Elmegeeda*

aHormones Dept., bPharmacology Dept., cToxicology and Narcotics Dept., Medical Research Division, National Research

Centre, Dokki, Giza-12622, Egypt, cChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo-11795, Egypt

Abstract

The investigation of drugs used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with limited side effects becomes an urgent need for inflammation patients. This search aimed at the preparation of novel hybrid hetero-steroids with structures especially non-ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. The heterocyclic steroids were formulated using simple and effective techniques. IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectra and elemental microanalysis were used to characterize the synthesized compound. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of some of these compounds was studied using carrageenan-induced paw oedema assay. Also, the effect of the different compounds on the development of gastric mucosal damage induced in rats by 96% EtOH administration was studied. The most marked and sustained inhibition of the oedema response was observed with the administration of the low and high doses (25 and 50 mg/kg) of compounds 8, 4, 23, 14 as well as by the high dose of compound 32. There was no significant difference in the degree of oedema inhibition between the low and high doses of compounds 8, 23, 14 at all-time points in the study. All investigated compounds administered at (50 mg/kg) dose inhibited gastric mucosal lesions induced in rats by 96% EtOH administration. Compounds 4, 9, 11, 26, 32 were the most effective in inhibiting lesion formation. No lesions were observed after the administration of compounds 9, 26 at 50 mg/kg. These findings are approaching a distinctive chance to create fresh anti-inflammatory drugs that eliminate the ulcerogenic liabilities connected with drugs presently on the market.

Synthesis of Thiophenyl, Thiazolyl and Pyridinyl Androstane Derivatives A Novel Class of Potent Anti-inflammatory and Anti-ulcerogenic Heterocyclic Steroids-converted

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Vol.5 No.4 – 5: CD47 Expression in Egyptian Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

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By: 1Samar Saber, 1Samir A. El-Masry, 2Salah Aref

1 Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Sadat University, Egypt

2 Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous clonal disease defined by the proliferation and accumulation in the bone marrow and blood of immature hematopoietic cells. CD47 -Signal Regulatory Protein α (Sirpα) Regulate the negative regulation of phagocytosis, an inhibitory receptor. CD47 overexpression in AML is overexpressed on peripheral blasts and stem cells with leukemia and correlates inversely with survival. Aim: Estimation of CD47 gene expression in Egyptian AML patients for evaluation of its role in the pathogenesis of the disease and as a prognostic marker related to overall survival (OS). Methods: The 55 patients with AML in addition to 21 healthy individuals as a control group were included in the current study. Blood samples from the control group and patients were subjected to a positive magnetic selection of CD34+ cells of leukemic, and then using flowcytometry the CD47 expression on these cells was estimated. Results: Statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001) between two groups AML patients and control group in Hemoglobin (g/dL), WBCs (103/µL) and PLTs count (103/µL). The results on incidences of CD47 differ significantly among FAP type in AML patients. The mean percent of CD47 were increased with FAP type excretion, 38.6 ± 39.5 at M1, 51.1±34.9 at M2, 60.2±51.9 at M3 while, those showed decrease 33.1±22.6 with M4 and 43.2±31.4 with M5. There was an inverse correlation between concentrations of CD47 gene expression and general survival, with enhanced expression also connected with worse general survival (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The results obtained by this study provide additional evidence of the role of CD47 gene as a predictive factor impact on prognosis and OS.

CD47 Expression in Egyptian Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia-converted

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Vol.5 No.4 – 4: Estimating Ground water Balance in the Presence of Climate Change Impact: A Case Study of Semi-Arid Area

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By: Mohammed Nanekely1, Furat Al-Faraj1,2,*, and Miklas Scholz3,4

1Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Salford, UK

The University of Salford,Newton Building, Salford M5 4WT, UK;m.a.a.nanekely@edu.salford.ac.uk

2 School of Engineering, The University of Bolton;

The University of Bolton, Bolton BL35AB, UK; f.al-faraj@bolton.ac.uk

3Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University;

Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg

4Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 221 00, Sweden;

Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa

m.scholz@salford.ac.uk

*Correspondence: f.al-faraj@bolton.ac.uk; f.a.m.al-faraj1@salford.ac.uk

Abstract

The exploitation and management of groundwater in an integrated manner is gaining global interest. Rapid population growth is frequently linked to climate change.In order to meet the growing demand for public water supply and irrigation, especially in arid and semi-arid climate regions, groundwater is used excessively. This paper considers Erbil province of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region as a representative case study for semi-arid climate areas where current practices of groundwater resources utilisation lack a solid regulatory framework and where monitoring systems are often absent. The role of climate change in the assessment of aquifers is assessed. Long-term average recharge and extraction rates in relation to groundwater storage have been evaluated with the aim to avoid adverse long-term impacts on groundwater resources. A groundwater balance method has been used to quantify the storage of groundwater within aquifers. Results revealed that there is a considerable imbalance between the input (groundwater recharge) to the Erbil province aquifers and corresponding output (groundwater withdrawn). The reduction of losses in water use, increases in irrigation efficiency, raising of public good water-use practices, and the establishment of a regulatory framework to appropriately manage groundwater resources are outlined.

Estimating Ground water Balance in the Presence of Climate Change Impact A Case Study of Semi-Arid Area-converted

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Vol.5 No.4 – 3: Production of Heliomycin from Actinomycete and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial Activities

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By: Abdulla A. Mahmoud,Ehab A. Essawy, Mohga S. Abdalla, and Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo , Egypt

Abstract

Heliomycin (1) was isolated from the culture broth of actinomycete AB5. The structure of the isolated compound (1) was characterized by spectroscopic methods including NMR and mass spectrometry data.The influence of cultural parameters affecting the production of biomass including different culture media, pH values, temperatures and incubation periods were investigated. Maximum production of secondary metabolites (2.78 g/l) was found in the culture medium of Waksman at initial pH 7.5 for four days at 35ºC. The antimicrobial activity of heliomycin (1) was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.

Production of Heliomycin from Aquatic Actinomycete and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial Activities

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