Vol.2 No.2 -1 : Effectiveness of nano composite and ceramic in treatment of drinking water.

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By : Mohamed T. Shaaban1, Mahmoud M. Hazaa2, Alshaimaa A. Aglan3

Abstract

Ground water contains some dissolved heavy metals and other elements which are so dangerous matter that all must face and find solutions for it. This study aims to use safe methods for water treatment using nano composite and ceramic particles.TDS (Total Dissolved Salts) with nano composite decreased from (740 to 654) mg/L while with ceramic it decreased from (740 to 538) mg/L. Conductivity decreased from (1195 to 1080) μS/cm in presence of nano composite while with ceramic it was reduced from (1195 to 893) μS/cm. Fe with nano composite reduced from (0.41 to 0.23) mg/L while with ceramic it reduced from (0.41 to 0.11) mg/L and Mn decreased from (1.2 to 0.6) mg/L with nano composite while with ceramic it decreased from (1.2 to 0.12) mg/L. Total hardness with nano composite decreased from (400 to 330) mg/L while with ceramic it decreased from (400 to 250) mg/L. Sulfate increased from (82 to 104) mg/L with nano composite while with ceramic it increased from (82 to 120) mg/L. Phosphate reduced from (0.45 to 0.34) mg/L with nano composite while with ceramic it reduced from (0.45 to 0.15) mg/L. Ammonia with nano composite decreased from (0.8 to 0.5) mg/L while with ceramic it decreased from (0.8 to 0.55) mg/L. Ground water is contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and coliforms. The bacteriological results showed that all the treated sample had no pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio cholera, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae).

1. Effectiveness of nano composite and ceramic in treatment of drinking water.
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Vol.2 No.2 -2 : Effect of L-arginine on methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.

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By : Ashour A – S Abdel-Mawla1, Safia M Hassan2, Ekram N Abd Al-Haleem3 and Safeyah Z El-Hangoor4

Abstract

Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used in the treatment of many different types of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Its cytotoxic nature also lends a substantial risk of life-threatening side effects. L-arginine is beneficial in the treatment of hepatic injury, hepatic cirrhosis and fatty liver degeneration. The present work aims to study the effect of L-arginine on hepatotoxicity of methotrexate in albino rats. Five groups of albino rats were used. Group I: control. Group II: rats were administered (MTX) in a daily oral dose of 0.45 mg/kg, for 28 days. Group III: rats were administered L-arginine in a daily oral dose of 300 mg/kg, for 28 days. Group IV: rats were received L- arginine 2 hrs before (MTX). Group V: rats were received L-arginine 2 hrs after (MTX). The results revealed different histopathological changes in liver of MTX-treated rats such as focal areas of necrosis and increased numbers of activated Kupffer cells, an apparent increase in the amount of collagen fibers and strong immunoreactive expression of α- SMA. Biochemical results revealed a significant increase in the serum levels of ALT, AST, bilirubin and decreasing the level of antioxidant enzymes. L-agrinine minimized the hepatotoxicity of MTX by decreasing the level of ALT, AST and bilirubin, MDA and increasing the antioxidant enzymes. It is concluded that L-arginine protects liver from hepatotoxicity of methotrexate and this due to its antioxidant activity.

2. Effect of L-arginine on methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.
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Vol.2 No.2 -3 : Ameliorating effect of propolis extract against equigan induced.

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By : Ahmed Massouda, Ehab Toussona, Nahla Zedanb and Ali E. Abd elwahaba

Abstract

Equigan is an androgenic steroid that improves the growth and food conversion in meat producing animals. The present study was performed to determine the ameliorating effect of propolis in the toxicity of the rat testes induced with Equigan. Fourty male albino rat were divided into four groups (10 animals each); the control group includes animals that injected intramuscularly with olive oil. The second group includes rats received propolis. The third group is the experimental group included animals that received intramuscular injections of Equigan. The last group was co-administrated group where rats received Equigan along with propolis. The results suggest that misuse of growth promoter Equigan may contribute to continuous damage of the testicular function and structure that shown a significant increase in nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in Equigan group when compared to the control group, these results decrease in co-administrated Equigan with propolis. On the other hand a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, Glutathione (GSH) and total thiol in Equigan group when compared with control group, and a significant increase in co-administrated Equigan with propolis. It was concluded that; propolis has ameliorating role on the biochemical alterations in Equigan induced testicular toxicity in male rat.

3. Ameliorating effect of propolis extract against equigan induced.
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Vol.2 No.2 -4 : Comparative cardioprotective effect of Egyptian Silybum marianum extract and Chinese silymarin in experimentally liver fibrosis.

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By : 1Ehab Tousson; 2Afrah F. Salama; 3Mahmoud A. Elony; and 2٭Mona A. Dora

Abstract

Liver fibrosis is one of the common problems effects on the human health. Many herbal, medicinal and pharmaceutical plants and their extracts are widely studied by many researches. Chinese silymarin got a bright reputation in relieve of liver fibrosis. The current study is a comparative study between the effect of Chinese silymarin (commercial drug) and the extracted silymarin from the natural Egyptian plant on the cardiac toxicity due to liver fibrosis induced by ethanol in rats. A total of 72 female Albino rats were divided into six groups; G1, Control; G2,Fibrosis; G3,Chinese silymarin; G4, Fibrosis + Chinese silymarin; G5, Egyptian silymarin extract; G6, Fibrosis + Egyptian silymarin extract. Results showed that, heart enzymes activities LDH, lipid profiles in serum and MDA in tissues were a significant increase in Fibrosis group when compared with control group. On the other hand; creatine kinase (CK) in serum, total protein, total thiol, TAC, CAT and GST in cardiac tissues were a significant decrease in Fibrosis group when compared with control group. The current results revealed that; the Egyptian plant extract improved the lipid profile, heart functions and its oxidative stress parameters as comparison with the used medical Chinese silymarin.

4. Comparative cardioprotective effect of Egyptian Silybum marianum extract and Chinese silymarin in experimentally liver fibrosis.
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Vol.2 No.2 -5 : Some biochemical markers and expression of indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase in Egyptian patients with chronic Hepatitis C.

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By : Salem, M.L.1, Barakat, L.A.2, Elnakeeb,N.A2, and Zeidan, A.A.1

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a main cause of chronic hepatitis and it may leads to cirrhosis, hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic HCV patients are subjected to treatment with ribavirin and interferon-α (IFN-α) but,which have achieved only limited success. The main aim of this study was to measure indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in chronic HCV patients which could explain the failure from therapy. Five ml of peripheral blood were collected from 30 patients with chronic HCV infection and 10 healthy control volunteers. Patients were categorized in to responders and non-responders according to viral titre upon IFN-α treatment. The levels of IDO were measured in the sera of the recruited subjects. Significant increases (P˂0.001) in the concentration of IDO were observed in IFN-α non-responder patient when compared with responders and healthy control. Conclusion: Non-responsiveness of chronic HCV patients to IFNs based therapy associated with increases in suppressive mechanisms, opening a new avenue for targeting these molecules in HCV therapy.

5. Some biochemical markers and expression of indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase in Egyptian patients with chronic Hepatitis C.
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Vol.2 No.2 -6 : In vitro Effect of LC90 of albendazole and Allium sativum water extract on the fine structure of Capillaria sp. (Capillaridae Nematoda).

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By : Amal I. Khalil*, Gamalat Y. Osman *** Omaimah A. M. Maghrabi**,Nahla A. Radwan *, Alyaa M. Abo Msalam ***

Abstract

Fish parasites are of economic and health importance where they cause serious problems in commercial fish farms and it can be transferred to human and animals. Capillaria species are nematodes of serious fish diseases which may be transferred to human.The present study was conducted to detect the in vitro effect of sublethal concentration (LC90) of albendazole( ABZ ) and Allium sativum (garlic) cloves water extract on ultra structure of Capillaria sp. collected from fresh water catfishes, Bagrus docmac and B. bayad using SEM and TEM. The morality rates of the adult Capillaria sp. in vitro exposed to different concentrations of albendazole and Allium sativum water extract was recorded after 24 hours exposure time. A. sativum water extract had higher effect than albendazole where lower concentration of A. sativum extract (18 x103 ppm) gave maximum mortality rate (100%) , 24 hours post exposure. SEM studies of the cuticle of adult Capillaria sp. in vitro treated with LC90 (17.161 x103 ppm) of A. sativum water extract for 24 hours revealed that it induced severe changes in the cuticle integrity more than those treated with concentration LC90 (5.543 x 106 ppm) of albendazole. TEM studies revealed deformation of the cuticle, hypodermis, muscles and digestive system in worms treated with LC90 (17.161 x103 ppm) of Allium sativum water extract.

6. In vitro Effect of LC90 of albendazole and Allium sativum water extract on the fine structure of Capillaria sp. (Capillaridae Nematoda).
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Vol.2 No.2 -7 : Assessment of the hazard effect of an environmental pollutant, (2-OH-BDE 123) using zebrafish embryos.

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By : Nessrin A. Kheirallah1# and Tamer El-Sayed. Ali2 #

Abstract

In the recent decades, many environmental pollutants have received significant attention due to their potential ability to mimic the actions of endogenous estrogens. These pollutants are referred as environmental estrogens and are suspected of causing health effects in both humans and wildlife through disruption of the endocrine system and causing male reproductive dysfunction, thus they are classified as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as phenolic metabolites. To monitor general toxicity of this class of EDCs, embryos of zebrafish were exposed to gradual concentrations of 2-OH-BDE 123 (hydroxy-brominated diphenyl ethers). Exposures were done by immersion of 1 hour post fertilization (hpf) zebrafish eggs to 72 hpf, nominal concentration range of 0.03 : 2.5 μM. Embryos/ larvae were assessed daily for death and structural defects. Results revealed that concentrations from 0.3 μM of such metabolites were toxic to the developing zebrafish causing serious morphological alterations and internal deformations. Both toxicity incidence and potency were correlated with the concentration applied. In conclusion, these compounds induced several teratogenic effects. More studies are required for a proper risk assessment and more attention should be given to this class of chemicals in the aquatic environment.

7. Assessment of the hazard effect of an environmental pollutant, (2-OH-BDE 123) using zebrafish embryos.
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Vol.2 No.2 -8 : Gene evolution and diversity of living organisms theory.

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By : Sobhy E. Hassab El-Nabi

Abstract

Statement of the theory is {Evolution of organisms depends mainly on gene evolution through the appearance of novel genes. Diversity of Living organisms results from genetic variations. Each Individual in the same species of Living Organisms has its own Identity of DNA Finger-print. Variations of Individuals Results from Effect of Environmental Factors, Mutation and Invader of Genetic Materials}. Gene evolution depends mainly on gene duplication ,variation of environmental conditions, mutation, transposable elements, horizontal gene transfer (HGT),de nove gene that originated from non-coding DNA which mainly comes from retrovirus and micro-RNA. And invader nucleic acids from viruses, bacteria or any parasite.The main prediction of this theory is not only each individual of human being has unique DNA fingerprint, but also any individual in the same species has also unique identity in DNA fingerprint. Any living organisms acquire genetic materials through its intimate contacts with another organisms . If the acquired genetic material reach to germ cells, it could transfer to next generation giving new traits.Viruses considered the main source for genetic transformation in all living organisms. The genomic materials of some viruses could integrate inside human genome like hepatitis B and HIV. The human genome has about 5 % virus genetic material especially from retroviruses.This theory could explain the appearance of new individuals according to transfer of genetic materials during intimate contact between different species, and support many researchers who discovered new species. Also ,this theory explain and will answer different questions , why husband and wife after some time, nearly acquire some similarities ?, why people in the same geographical area nearly have a similar pattern ?. The answer on this questions is return to the transfer of micro RNA which found in food, fluids and environment that surround the organisms. Also, similarity may return to transfer of transposable elements through intimate contacts within individuals . This theory also, explain the host-parasite relationship depending through transfer of DNA and RNA between them. We developed in our lab. Simple technique for detection of DNA and RNA from tissue lysate, through it micro- RNA could be detected. We detected the instability and dynamicity of DNA through sister chromatide exchange (SCE). Also we detect individual variation in the same species through haplotype analysis, this support our theory.

8. Gene evolution and diversity of living organisms theory.
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