Vol.1 No.3 -1 : Ameliorative influence of Ginkgo biloba extract on acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in livers and kidneys of male albino rats.

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By : Mohammed F.F. Bayomy* and Aziza Ali Salah Eldinn**

Abstract

In this study, the effects of Ginko biloba extract on -treated groups were divided subchronically-induced toxicity of acetaminophen (AAP) on functions of livers and kidneys of male albino rats were investigated. Subchronically into 8 groups. Animals of group1 received tap water daily for 1 week and served as controls. Animals of group 2 were treated with Ginko biloba extract (GBE) (50 mg /kg b.wt). Animals of group 3 were treated daily for 1 week with AAP (250 mg/kg b. wt.). Animals of group 4 were treated daily for 1 week with GBE (50 mg /kg b.wt) and AAP (250 mg/kg b. wt.). As for groups 5, 6, 7 and 8, they were treated experimentally as groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 but for 2 weeks. Determination of both liver and kidney functions was used as early indicators for the detection of liver damage and for evaluation of renal toxicity after exposure to the test articles. Meanwhile, serum concentration of malonedialdehyde was measured to assess the deleterious oxidative influence of AAP on the liver and kidneys. Also, the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) concentration and activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were assayed under the present experimental conditions. The data demonstrated a significant increase in serum liver function enzymes such as aminotransferases (ALT and AST) as well as alkaline phosphatase subsequent to administration of AAP, whereas a significant decrease in GSH content and in the activities of GPx, GST, CAT, and SOD was observed after 1 and 2 weeks of treatments with this test article. The results also indicated that administration of 50 mg GBE/kg b. wt. was enough for nearly normalization of various parameters examined, which appears to be due to the protective effects of GBE on AAP-induced oxidative stress in the liver and kidneys.

1. Ameliorative influence of Ginkgo biloba extract on acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in livers and kidneys of male albino rats.
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Vol.1 No.3 -2 : The possible protective effect of vitamin E and ∕ or silymarin on rat testes exposed to 950MHz electromagnetic field.

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By : Amr Mahmoud Abd El-Hady* and Noaman Abd El-Latif. El-Tahawy**

Abstract

This work aims to study the histopathological and histochemical changes in the testes of male albino rats post exposure to mobile phone radiation and the possible protective role of vitamin E and/or silymarin. The current experiment was carried out on 30 adult male albino rats (Sprague dawly). Rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups: 1) Group C: control rats left without treatment; 2) Group R: rats exposed to frequency equals 950 MHz of electromagnetic field (EMF); 3) Group R + E: rats received vitamin E before exposure to frequency equals 950 MHz of EMF; 4) Group R + S: rats received silymarin before exposure to frequency equals 950 MHz of EMF and 5) Group R + E+ S: rats received vitamin E parallel to silymarin before exposure to frequency equals 950 MHz of EMF. Electromagnetic field exposed rats showed testicular alterations which were ameliorated by using either vitamin E or silymarin alone. However, both vitamin E and silymarin administration ameliorated the damaging effects of testes of mobile phone exposed rats more than that of silymarin or vitamin E alone.

2. The possible protective effect of vitamin E and ∕ or silymarin on rat testes exposed to 950MHz electromagnetic field.
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Vol.1 No.3 -3 : A new approach in bacteriological and chemical treatment of surface water for drinking purpose.

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By : Hisham.M1; Shaaban M.T.2 ; Sara. A3; Fakhrany.M4 and Hazaa.M.M.

Abstract

The surface water contain some dissolved contaminants such as iron and manganese. It is unsuitable for drinking water without appropriate treatment. Under standard and steady-state conditions, the bioreactor was very effective when 2% of the nano polymer composite granules (w/v)borne bioagent bacteria as a substrate for the biofilm formation. The mixture was aerated for 24 hs. The treated water have been uptake for determination the concentration of cations and microbiological analysis. Each 1L of surface water sample with continuous aeration and left for 24h and as a result many physical, chemical and bacteriological changes occurred .For the surface water temperature decreased by 2.2°C and 2.0°C related to raw water and chlorinated water , pH increased by 0.2 and 0.4 ppm related to raw water and chlorinated water . TDS decrease from (276 to 220 ppm) while in chemical treatment increase to (285 ppm) also conductivity decrease from(434 to 425) US/CM but increase to(442 US/CM) in the chlorinated treatment , while turbidity increase from (9.8 to 10.3) NTU. The elimination of the heavy metals was remarkable in this study as in rate of Fe that decrease from (0.39 to 0.21)ppm and for Mn it remains constant .Total alkalinity decrease from(142 to 130) ppm while in chemical treatment was 120 ppm. calcium hardness decrease from (78 to 54) ppm and as a result the calcium decrease from (31.2 to 21.6)ppm and in chemical one it has the same value of the raw water sample .Magnesium hardness increase from (100 to 108 )ppm &for the magnesium ion increase from (10.56 to 16.8) ppm. The chlorides decrease to 20 ppm in the bio treated water sample but it was normal to increase to 31 ppm in the chemical treated sample. Sulfates content decrease from (15.5 to 10.7)ppm but in chemical treatment it increase to 17 ppm. Phosphate content increase from(<0.01 to o.o2) ppm while the nitrate content decrease from(0.86 to 0.5) ppm it also decrease in the chemical treatment to 0.48 ppm and ammonia content decrease from (0.06 to0.01) ppm and in chemical treatment reach to <0.01 ppm a. Drinking water sources are contaminated with coliforms and pathogenic bacteria. The bacteriological results shows that all the bio treated sample had no fecal Coliform growth (<1) C/100ml but give positive results with the total Coliform with confluent colonies whereas in the chemical treatment both the total &fecal Coliform tests were negative.

3. A new approach in bacteriological and chemical treatment of surface water for drinking purpose.
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Vol.1 No.3 -4 : Effects of swine flu (H1N1) vaccine on albino rats.

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By : Fatma Ahmed Eid 1, Aly Fahmy Mohamed2, Alya Mohammed Aly1 and Nadia Fathy Ibrahim1

Abstract

The pandemic flu (2009) is a global outbreak of a new strain of H1N1 influenza virus that referred as “swine flu”. The 2009 flu pandemic vaccines (H1N1 vaccines) are the biological preparation of influenza vaccines that have been developed to protect and improve immunity against the pandemic H1N1/09 virus. Squalene has been added to vaccine as immunologic adjuvant to stimulate the immune system, increase the response to the vaccine and reduce amount of usage vaccine. Thimerosal has been added to some vaccines as a preservative because it is effective in preventing bacterial contamination, particularly in multidose containers. To investigate the possible immunological effects of swine flu vaccine, Albino rats were injected with H1N1 antigen contained thimerosal, adjuvant and H1N1 vaccine. Results obtained in the present study showed that squalene and thimerosal contributed to the regiment of adverse reactions and symptoms, which act as detergents instead of its helper role of vaccine that undergone toxicity effectors in the biological pathways including; immunopathological and histopathological effects; the damage was done by vaccine, particularly when potentiated by powerful “immunoenhancers” caused a strong immunostimulation that emphasized by results of this research as well as its biological hazards which are more pronounced when act together as whole vaccine than they act individually so the adverse events that resulted from treatment with squalene-adjuvanted vaccine are more potent than those of either antigen or squalene- treated groups.

4. Effects of swine flu (H1N1) vaccine on albino rats.
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Vol.1 No.3 -5 : Preventive effect of melatonin against dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced changes in renal tubules of Mice an Autoradiographic Study.

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By : Margit Semmler1, Abdel-Baset M. Aref2

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate the possible preventive effect of melatonin against dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in epithelial cells of cortical and medullary renal tubules in mice applying the method of quantitative autoradiography. Exposure to a single injection of DMBA (10mg/ 100g b.w.) and examined after 60 days revealed different changes in cell proliferation in the two portions of the tubules. In males, the mean values raised by 388% and 363% for cortical and medullary renal tubules respectively compared to control. The mean grain count over labelled nuclei was reduced 51% and 35.2% respectively for the two portions of the renal tubules. In females the cell division was stimulated by 125% in the cortical tubules and whereas in the medullary portion it remained nearly unchanged compared to control. In males, the mean grain count over labelled nuclei was lower by 47.6% in cortical renal tubules and by 67.3% in medullary renal tubules. In females, the mean grain count over labelled nuclei was in both portions reduced by about 60%. Long term exposure to a single injection of DMBA for 120 days increased the cell proliferation in males and females in both portions of the renal tubules. A daily melatonin injection (100 μg/ 100g b.w.) for 60 and 120 days proliferation rate by 79.8% and 83.9% respectively in males for the two portions, while the mean grain count over labelled nuclei was lower by 20% and 39% respectively. In females melatonin attenuated cell proliferation by 67% and 43% in cortical and medullary respectively compared to the DMBA exposed group. and reached thereby the level of control. The grain counts over labelled nuclei were reduced identically by 105% in cortical and medullary renal tubules, but remained still 20% under that of control.

5. Preventive effect of melatonin against dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced changes in renal tubules of Mice an Autoradiographic Study.
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Vol.1 No.3 -6 : Toxic effects of some pesticides on the enzymatic activities and spermatogenesis of the land snail Monacha cantiana.

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By : Sharaf, H.M.*,Abd El-Atti M.S. and Salama, M.A.

Abstract

Laboratory studies have been carried out on the toxic effects of three different pesticides namely, Diazinon, Lambdacyhalothrin and Methomyl as poisonous baits against the land snail, Monacha cantiana. The activities of five vital tissue enzymes, as Catalase (CAT), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Aspartate transaminase (AST). Alanine transaminase(ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were examined after exposure of these snails to LC50 (5ppm) of the tested pesticides for 96hr. Results showed clearly that all sublethal concentrations of tested pesticides lead to a significant increase in the activities of the enzymatic levels within tissues of treated snails. On the other hand, LC25 (2.5 ppm) of Diazinon was found to produce severe histopathological alterations in the hermaphrodite gland of M. cantiana, including, deterioration in germinal epithelium of the acini spermatocytes as well as reduction in numbers of sperms which are inhibited to develop to the late stages of maturity.

6. Toxic effects of some pesticides on the enzymatic activities and spermatogenesis of the land snail Monacha cantiana.
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