Journal of Bioscience  and Applied Research (JBAAR)‘s Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement is based, in large part, on the guidelines and standards developed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The relevant duties and expectations of authors, reviewers, and editors of the journal are set out below.

1. Authors should present an objective discussion of the significance of research work as well as sufficient details and references.
2. Authors should maintain accurate records of data associated with their submitted manuscript, and supply or provide access to these data, on reasonable request. Authors guarantee that all data used in the article are real and authentic. Where appropriate and where allowed by employer, funding body and others who might have an interest, authors should deposit data in a suitable repository or storage location, for sharing and further use by others.
3. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behaviour and are unac-ceptable.
4. The authors should ensure that their work is entirely original, and if the work and/or words of others have been used, this fact has been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable. Authors should not submit articles describing essentially the same re-search to more than one journal.
5. Authors should acknowledge the financial support and help/guidance of others if appropriate.
6. Authors should provide the disclaimer if appropriate.
7. All co-authors should significantly contribute to the research. The corresponding author should ensure that there is a full consensus of all co-authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.
8. Authors are obliged to participate in peer review process.
9. The authors may send two or three reviewers for the manuscript (JBAAR) may designate other reviewers).

Conflicts of Interest

All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work.

Work involving human or animal subjects or tissues (animal and human rights)

Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research endorses the ARRIVE Guidelines for reporting in vivo animal experiments. Whenever appropriate, authors should include in the Materials and Methods (Experimental Procedures) section:
• A statement indicating that the experiments were performed in accordance with named national legislation, where it exists, or, in its absence, with the named institutional/local body concerned with the ethics of experimentation (e.g. the National Research Council, or NIH in the USA). Experiments should be carried out in accordance with the European Communities Council Directive of 24 November 1986 (86/609/EEC) or with the Guidelines laid down by the NIH in the USA regarding the care and use of animals for experimental procedures.
• A full description of the anaesthetic and surgical procedures used, and of peri-operative care.
• Evidence that authors took adequate steps to ensure that animals did not suffer unnecessarily at any stage of an experiment, whether acute or chronic.
Research involving human subjects should comply with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki; http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/helsinki/). If human subjects are used, manuscripts must be accompanied by a statement in the Methods section, indicating that:
• The experiments were undertaken with the understanding and written consent of each subject.
• The study methodologies conformed to the standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki.
• The study methodologies were approved by the local ethics committee.
Authors should ensure that all risks are minimised and the subjects are not injured and do not feel they have been abused as a result of participating in the study. Fully informed consent should always be sought.

In cases of experiments involving minors, in addition to meeting above mentioned precautions, evidence must be presented that the experiments were performed with the understanding and consent of the legal guardian.

The Editor reserves the right to reject a paper if there is doubt as to whether appropriate procedures have been used.

1. Editors have complete responsibility and authority to accept/reject a manuscript.
2. Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit. Editors act in a balanced, objective and fair way while carrying out their expected duties, without dis-crimination on grounds of gender, sexual orientation, religious or political beliefs, ethnic or geographical origin of the authors.
3. Editors accept the paper when reasonably certain.
4. Editors must not use unpublished information in the editor’s own research without the express written consent of the author.
5. When errors are found, editors promote publication of correction or retraction.
6. Editors should take reasonable responsive measures when ethical complaints have been pre-sented concerning a submitted manuscript or published article.

1. Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage.
2. Reports should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments, so that authors can use them for improving the paper. Any relevant published work which is not yet cited should be pointed out.
3. Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.
4. Referees should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

1. Publisher monitors and safeguards publishing ethics.
2. Publisher communicates journal policies.
3. Publisher respects privacy of all parties involved.
4. Publisher fosters editorial independence.
5. Publisher maintains the integrity of the academic record.
6. Publisher protects intellectual property and copyrights.
7. Publisher publishes corrections, clarifications, and retractions.
8. Publisher constantly improves the quality of the journal.

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