Vol.8 No.2 – 5: Evaluation of the diagnostic performances of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and fibronectin for heart failure

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By: Manar S. Fouda1, Bassem Zarif 2, Victoria Samir1, Sara A. Mekkawy3, Mohamed M. Omran1

1 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt

2Consultant Cardiology, National Heart Institute, GOTHI, Cairo, Egypt

3 Molecular Biotechnology program, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Previous research has linked an imbalance of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and fibronectin (FN) to heart failure as a part of the extracellular matrix network (ECM) biochemistry profile, which is vital for cardiac homeostasis. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of FN, TIMP-1, and CK-MB in heart failure (HF). Sixty patients (45 with acute and 15 with chronic HF) were recruited. Thirty individuals (20 with ischemic heart diseases, as other cardiac diseases, and 10 healthy individuals) were recruited as a control group. The biotin double antibody sandwich technology determined levels of human fibronectin and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1. FN was the most effective biomarker in differentiating HF patients from healthy individuals (AUC = 0.850) (P < 0.001), followed by TIMP (AUC = 0.74) and CK MB (AUC = 0.660). The sensitivity and specificity of FN were 82% and 70%, respectively, at a cutoff of 80 ng/ml. In addition, FN and TIMP had the same AUC (0.71) and efficiency (65%) in distinguishing HF patients from controls, followed by CK-MB (AUC = 0.70). We developed a novel model for HF diagnosis named the HFD model based on three biomarkers (FN, TIMP, and CK MB). The HFD model had an AUC of 0.77 in distinguishing HF patients from healthy individuals, with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy reaching 80%. For differentiating HF patients from controls, the HFD model had 0.8 AUC, 76% sensitivity, 75% specificity, and 76% accuracy.

Evaluation of the diagnostic performances of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase

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Vol.8 No.2 – 4: A Case Report of Lymphoepithelioma-like, a Variant of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

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By: Farouk Hachem, Hussein Abdallah, Ahmed Ibrahimi, Hachem Elsayegh and Yassine Nouini

Urology “A” Department, University Hospital Center of Rabat, Morocco

Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

Abstract

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is an undifferentiated carcinoma with histological features similar to undifferentiated, non-keratinizing carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the urinary bladder is uncommon with a reported incidence of 0.4%- 1.3% of all bladder cancer. We report a case of a 72 year-old-man with a muscle-invasive lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the bladder who was treated with radical cystectomy with a 12-month follow-up.

A Case Report of Lymphoepithelioma (1)

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Vol.8 No.2 – 3: Histopathological study of thyroid carcinoma in Misan province

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By: Osamah Nassir Wali1, Abbas Ch. Mraisel2, and Alaa N. Salih3          

1- Histology / Basic Medical Science Department / Nursing College / Misan University, Iraq

2- Toxopathology / Basic Medical Science Department / Nursing College / Misan University, Iraq

3- Histology /Biology Department /College of Education for Pure Sciences /Wasit University, Iraq

Abstract

Aims: “Thyroid carcinoma is specific malignant tumors derived from follicle cells including papillary and follicular carcinoma, and parafollicular, calcitonin-producing C-cells (medullary carcinoma)”. This study aimed to provide a present outlook on thyroid carcinoma among patients and investigation the relationship between the age, sex, and thyroid carcinoma in Missan province in Iraq. Methods: The data were collected in the period (First June – 2020 to Thirty November -2020) from (42) patients aged between (35 -80 or more) infected with thyroid carcinoma, a histopathological examination that performed and confirmed in the tissue sample obtained from the patients after surgical operations in AL-Sadder hospital in Missan province. Results: “The patients with thyroid carcinoma observed high incidence in ages between (41-55) years (42.8 %) cases, followed by the ages between (56-70) years (28.5 %) cases, while the lowest incidence observed in ages between (71or more) years (11.9%)cases. Thyroid carcinoma is observed more commonly found in females (64.28%) cases than the males (35.71%) cases (P < 0.05). Histopathological examination of the tissue specimens shows the commonest type of thyroid carcinoma was the papillary carcinoma” 28(66.6) cases characterized by multifocal with papillary architecture, changes in the size of thyrocytes with an abnormal nucleus and cytoplasm and shape, followed by follicular carcinomas 9(21.4) cases characterized by presence malignant epithelial cells arising from follicular cells and invasion into surrounding thyroid tissue, while the lowest type was Medullary carcinoma  5(11.9)cases, showing islands of tumor cells with central necrosis surrounded by vascular strom. Conclusion: “Papillary carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the thyroid gland and as compared with follicular carcinomas and medullary carcinoma. Proper implementation of preventive measures such as changing lifestyle factors might enhance control of thyroid carcinoma”.

Histopathological study of thyroid carcinoma in Misan province-converted (2)

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Vol.8 No.2 – 2: Frequency and specificity of red blood cells alloantibodies among Sudanese multiparous women

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By: Nour Mahmoud Abdelateif Ali 1, and Abather Alsayed Mohamed 2

  1. Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
  2. Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

Background: Allo-immunization is a condition in which the body gains immunity, from another individual of the same species, against its cells. Blood group antibodies are called alloantibodies if they react with alloantigens on the red blood cells (RBCs) of other individuals. Immune antibodies are produced following exposure to foreign erythrocyte antigens through pregnancy or transfusion. Maternal alloimmunization, also known as iso-immunization, occurs when a woman’s immune system is sensitized to foreign erythrocyte surface antigens, stimulating the production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Purpose: This study aimed to detect the frequency and specificity of alloantibodies against (RBCs) antigens among Sudanese multiparous women.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 130 pregnant ladies, most of them were attending Soba teaching hospital and the remaining to Khartoum teaching hospital during the period from February-2008 to May-2008. Serum from each lady was collected. Each sample was grouped and screened for alloantibodies, then samples with positive antibody screening were tested for antibody identification using the gel agglutination method. Results: The overall frequency of alloantibodies detected among studied pregnant ladies was 10.8%. The results also revealed that an insignificant correlation was found between age, ethnic group, and presence of alloantibodies ((P-value: > 0.05); While a significant correlation was observed between the history of abortion, and the number of pregnancies and presence of alloantibodies (P-value: < 0.05).

Conclusion: In summary, we concluded that the alloantibodies were detected in one-tenth of the studied subjects with a significant association between detected antibodies and the number of pregnancies.

Frequency and specificity of red blood cells allo-antibodies among Sudanese multiparous women-converted

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Vol.8 No.2 – 1:Induction of renal cell line apoptosis by hydrogen peroxide

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By: Khalil A. Alhalfawy1, Bahgat A. Elfiky2, Ahmed M. Zahran3 and Mahmoud M. Zayed2

  1.  Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt
  2. Animal Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute – University of Sadat City, Egypt
  3. Internal medicine and nephrology Department, Faculty of medicine – Menoufia University, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Hydrogen peroxide is currently the most widely used as an apoptosis inducer due to its broad cytotoxic efficacy against nearly all cell types. cytotoxicity is achieved over a wide range of doses

Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of hydrogen peroxide on renal cell lines by detecting RIPK1.

 Methods: In this study, we used a Vero cell line treated with H2O2 at concentrations 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM, 0.4 mM, 0.8 mM, and 1.6 mM and examined after 30 min,1hour,2hours,3hours, 4hours and 5 hours. by using MTT assay to detect cytotoxicity to cell line (by detecting cell viability). Spectrophotometrically measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 570 nm. Measure the background absorbance of multi-well plates at 690 nm and subtract from the 450 nm measurement. Sub-lethal dose to renal cell line is one treated with 1.6 mM for 5 hours. groups group 1: renal cell line as control which not treated by H2O2. group 2: Sub-lethal which renal cell line treated by concentration 1.6 mM of H2O2 for 5 hours. Results: H2O2 is cytotoxic to renal cell line by concentration from 0.1 mM to 1.6 mM. RIPK1 gene expressed in renal cell line treated by H2O2. The sublethal dose reached 1.6 mM for 5 hours.  There is a significant difference between the 2 groups by detecting the expression of the RIPK1 gene.

Induction

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Vol.8 No.1 – 5:The association of the -158 XmnI γG globin polymorphism with HbF level in sickle cell anemia Sudanese Patients

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By: Rajaa Abo Elgasim Osman Mohammed and Nour Mahmoud Abdelateif Ali

Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell hemoglobinopathy is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of hemoglobin S (HbS), γG-158 (C→T) polymorphism plays an important function in the disease severity of sickle cell anemia, The XmnI restriction site at -158 position of the γG-gene is associated with increased expression of the γG-globin gene and higher production of HbF, Previous studies have suggested that a variety of genetic determents influence different clinical phenotypes. The genetic variants that modulate HbF levels have a very strong impact on ameliorating the clinical phenotype. Aim: This study aims to associate between Xmn1 (…γG-158 C→T …) polymorphism and fetal hemoglobin level among Sudanese patients with SCA.Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study 60 blood samples from diagnostic cases were analyzed using a Hematology analyzer (Sysmex KX21N), capillary electrophoresis (MINICAP), using “G-spin™ Total DNA Extraction Kit”, PCR-RFLP techniques. Results: Patients with SCA were analyzed for Xmn1 polymorphism and association between this polymorphism and severity of SCA was evaluated, the presence of one XmnI (+/-) site CT 2% in SS patients compared with XmnI-/- site CC98% had shown difference regarding HbF level, thus the Polymorphic association was founded. Conclusion: In our descriptive cross-sectional study we concluded that the effect of the polymorphism on the Hb F level was established.

The association of the -158 XmnI γG globin polymorphism with HbF level in sickle cell anemia Sudanese Patients-converted

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Vol.8 No.1 – 4: Protective Effects of Ambrosia maritima and Allium sativum Plant Extracts on Different Tissues of Envenomed mice with Leiurus quinquestriatus Scorpion Venom

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By: Nahed M. M. Emam*andAljohara M. Alotaibi **

*Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Arish University, Egypt.

** Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nora Bint Abdel Rahman University, Saudi Arabia

** Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 13225, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Scorpion envenomation is a common hazard in many parts of the world and in Sinai, hence great attention must be directed towards such animals to avoid or reduce their dangers. One of the most common antioxidant medicinal plants in Sinai is the Ambrosia maritima or Damsisa plant; it is playing an important rolein reducing or neutralizing the toxic effects of venoms. Also, the Allium sativum plant or (garlic) has been used for many years to treat a variety of medical problems. Aim of work: the present study was prepared to illustrate the protective effect of damsisa and garlic plant extracts in different tissues of mice envenomed with Leiurus quinquestriatus scorpion venom. Materials and methods: 48 albino mice were divided into 6 groups. Group I: the healthy control rats received tap water for 4 weeks, and then intramuscularly (i.m.) injected with saline solution and sacrificed after 48 hours from an injection. Group II: envenomed mice were intramuscularly injected with (0.15 µg/g b.wt.) dose of the scorpion venom and sacrificed after 48 hours from envenoming.  Group III: mice treated with a daily oral dose of Damsisa plant extract (100 mg/kg) for 4 weeks; Group IV was treated with a daily oral dose of garlic plant extract (220 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Group V: the envenomed mice were injected with the same dose of the scorpion venom and pretreated with oral doses of Damsisa (100 mg/kg b. wt) for 4 weeks. Group VI: the envenomed mice were injected with the same dose of the scorpion venom and pretreated with an oral dose of garlic plant extract (220 mg/kg b. wt) for 4 weeks. All mice were sacrificed after 48 hours from envenoming. At the end of the experiment, some tissues samples from skeletal muscles, testis, and lung tissues were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and DNA ladder assay. Results: envenomed mice had severe cellular degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, cellular infiltrations, and marked dilatation of blood vessels in the skeletal muscles, testis, and lung tissues. This result is confirmed with extreme immunohistochemical changes in lung tissues and the results of the DNA ladder assay revealed increased DNA fragmentation in brain tissues. The envenomed and plant-treated mice revealed marked diminished effects in histopathological alternations in the studied tissues compared to envenomed mice and reduced DNA fragmentation in brain tissues. Conclusion: This study concluded that Ambrosia maritima (D) and Allium sativum (G) plants have a protective effect against scorpion envenomation and especially the garlic plant showed the best results. Our results suggested that the ameliorative effects of these plant extracts may be due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of these plants in combating free radical-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury resulting from envenomation.

Protective-Effects-of-Ambrosia-maritima-and-Allium-sativum-Plant-Extracts-on-Different-Tissues-of-Envenomed-mice-with-Leiurus-quinquestriatus-Scorpion-Venom-6

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Vol.8 No.1 – 3: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and TP53 in Egyptian Patients with Hepatitis C Viral Chronic Liver Diseases: Insight into the Pathogenesis and Predictive Force

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By : Hoda M. El-Emshaty1,*, Somaia M. Osman 2, Fathy M. El-Taweel2, Mohamed M. El-Hemaly1, Hisham Ismail 3

1Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

2Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt.

3Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is excessively generated during tumor development yielding the oxidatively modified products of proteins and DNA. These DNA alterations could contribute to the development of cancer through the activation of oncogenes and inactivating tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Therefore, 8-OHdG DNA oxidative damage and TP53 protein expression were evaluated amongst HCV-Chronic liver disease patients to explore their possible role in hepatocarcinogenesis and to predict HCC development at early stages. A total of 141 patients with HCV-related liver diseases; 69 with hepatocellular carcinoma and 72 with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in this study in addition to 56 healthy subjects.Serum 8-OHdG and TP53 expression by ELISA were markedly elevated in HCC patients compared to LC and healthy individuals (p<0.0001). A significant correlation was noted for 8-OHdG and TP53 with disease progression and tumor differentiation but not with tumor site. 8-OHdG and TP53 were highly (p<0.05) predicting for HCC at early stages and the diagnostic performance for discriminating HCC from LC by ROC curve showed the best AUC was recorded for 8-OHdG (0.745) followed by TP53 (0.667) with accuracy (87.2% and 82% respectively). Therefore, HCV-induced oxidative DNA damage could increase the carcinogenic potential of HCC development through the activation of TP53.

8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine-and-TP53-in-Egyptian-Patients-with-Hepatitis-C-Viral-Chronic-Liver-Diseases-Insight-into-the-Pathogenesis-and-Predictive-Force-converted

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Vol.8 No.1 – 2: Folic Acid Conjugated Graphene Oxide Graviola Nanoparticle for Sono-Photodynamic Leukemia Treatment: Up-To-Date Cancer Treatment Modality

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By: Mahmoud Matar Mohammad Abu Rakhey1*, Samir Ali Abd El-Kaream2, Daoxin Ma1

1Department of Hematology, Shandong University-Qilu Hospital, China

2Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Alexandria University-Medical Research Institute, Egypt

Abstract

Background: There is no doubt that one of the largest researcher dilemmas is cancer. Traditional therapeutic options such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgical and combinational treatment are widely accepted to cure or eradicate tumors. Despite chemotherapy being still a very potent weapon for cancer treatment, it is overwhelmingly associated with borders and serious side effects. There is consistently the probability of recurrence and these cancers can evolve resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatments. Therefore, seeking a new therapeutic option of treatment is necessary to treat tumors accurately and prevent cancer metastasis. Objective: This work was directed at the evaluation of the efficacy of using activated Graviola nano-composite for leukemia targeted therapy. This work was conducted in vitro (two leukemia cell lines), and in vivo (90 leukemia induced mice). Laser and ultrasound were applied as an energy source. Material and methods: In this work, the biological effects of using activated Graviola nano-composite for leukemia targeted therapy were investigated through biophysical, biochemical, and hematological analysis. Results: The results revealed that Graviola nano-composite is a potential promising photo-sono sensitizer for cancer treatment and plays a critical role both in vitro and in vivo for inhibition and induction of cancer cell death. Conclusion: Our results revealed that activated Graviola nano-composite could be applied as a natural nano-sensitizer for sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) cancer targeting.

Folic-Acid-Conjugated-Graphene-Oxide-Graviola-Nanoparticle-for-Sono-Photodynamic-Leukemia-Treatment-Up-To-Date-Cancer-Treatment-Modality-1

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Vol.8 No.1 – 1: In utero exposure of green coffee extract alters rat fetal neurodevelopment in a dose dependent manner

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By: Marwa Nabil Atallaha*, Amira S. Abd El-Gaberb

a Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy, and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science-Menoufia University, Egypt.

b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt

Abstract

Green coffee consumption has gained wide popularity, possibly due to its strong antioxidative activities and many beneficial effects in various human diseases. However, the effect of green coffee extract consumption on the development of the fetal central nervous system during pregnancy has not been elucidated. Consequently, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal administration of some doses of the green coffee extract on the development of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord of rat fetuses in terms of histopathological, proliferation, astrogliosis, and ultrastructural investigations. Pregnant dams were divided into four groups; control group (administered distilled water) and three groups orally administered three different doses of green coffee extract, GC1 (200 mg/kg), GC2 (400 mg/kg), and GC3 (600 mg/kg) from the sixth day to the 15th day of gestation. On the 20th day, dams were sacrificed and fetal cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord from different groups were fixed for subsequent investigations. The results showed that green coffee extract induced various histopathological changes in the three investigated organs including pyknosis, hemorrhage, and vacuolation. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed that green coffee extract decreased neuronal proliferation and increased reactive astrogliosis. Ultrastructurally, green coffee extract caused cytoplasmic rarefaction, neuronal degeneration, macrophage activation, and axon degeneration. Interestingly, the neurotoxic effects of green coffee on neuronal development were dose-dependent. Based on these results, the consumption of high doses of green coffee during pregnancy should be restricted. Moreover, further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of green coffee ingestion on neuronal cognition and behavioral outcomes.

In-utero-exposure-of-green-coffee-extract-alters-rat-fetal-neurodevelopment-in-a-dose-dependent-manner-1-1-1

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