Vol.8 No.1 – 5:The association of the -158 XmnI γG globin polymorphism with HbF level in sickle cell anemia Sudanese Patients

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By: Rajaa Abo Elgasim Osman Mohammed and Nour Mahmoud Abdelateif Ali

Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell hemoglobinopathy is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of hemoglobin S (HbS), γG-158 (C→T) polymorphism plays an important function in the disease severity of sickle cell anemia, The XmnI restriction site at -158 position of the γG-gene is associated with increased expression of the γG-globin gene and higher production of HbF, Previous studies have suggested that a variety of genetic determents influence different clinical phenotypes. The genetic variants that modulate HbF levels have a very strong impact on ameliorating the clinical phenotype. Aim: This study aims to associate between Xmn1 (…γG-158 C→T …) polymorphism and fetal hemoglobin level among Sudanese patients with SCA.Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study 60 blood samples from diagnostic cases were analyzed using a Hematology analyzer (Sysmex KX21N), capillary electrophoresis (MINICAP), using “G-spin™ Total DNA Extraction Kit”, PCR-RFLP techniques. Results: Patients with SCA were analyzed for Xmn1 polymorphism and association between this polymorphism and severity of SCA was evaluated, the presence of one XmnI (+/-) site CT 2% in SS patients compared with XmnI-/- site CC98% had shown difference regarding HbF level, thus the Polymorphic association was founded. Conclusion: In our descriptive cross-sectional study we concluded that the effect of the polymorphism on the Hb F level was established.

The association of the -158 XmnI γG globin polymorphism with HbF level in sickle cell anemia Sudanese Patients-converted

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Vol.8 No.1 – 4: Protective Effects of Ambrosia maritima and Allium sativum Plant Extracts on Different Tissues of Envenomed mice with Leiurus quinquestriatus Scorpion Venom

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By: Nahed M. M. Emam*andAljohara M. Alotaibi **

*Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Arish University, Egypt.

** Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nora Bint Abdel Rahman University, Saudi Arabia

** Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 13225, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Scorpion envenomation is a common hazard in many parts of the world and in Sinai, hence great attention must be directed towards such animals to avoid or reduce their dangers. One of the most common antioxidant medicinal plants in Sinai is the Ambrosia maritima or Damsisa plant; it is playing an important rolein reducing or neutralizing the toxic effects of venoms. Also, the Allium sativum plant or (garlic) has been used for many years to treat a variety of medical problems. Aim of work: the present study was prepared to illustrate the protective effect of damsisa and garlic plant extracts in different tissues of mice envenomed with Leiurus quinquestriatus scorpion venom. Materials and methods: 48 albino mice were divided into 6 groups. Group I: the healthy control rats received tap water for 4 weeks, and then intramuscularly (i.m.) injected with saline solution and sacrificed after 48 hours from an injection. Group II: envenomed mice were intramuscularly injected with (0.15 µg/g b.wt.) dose of the scorpion venom and sacrificed after 48 hours from envenoming.  Group III: mice treated with a daily oral dose of Damsisa plant extract (100 mg/kg) for 4 weeks; Group IV was treated with a daily oral dose of garlic plant extract (220 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Group V: the envenomed mice were injected with the same dose of the scorpion venom and pretreated with oral doses of Damsisa (100 mg/kg b. wt) for 4 weeks. Group VI: the envenomed mice were injected with the same dose of the scorpion venom and pretreated with an oral dose of garlic plant extract (220 mg/kg b. wt) for 4 weeks. All mice were sacrificed after 48 hours from envenoming. At the end of the experiment, some tissues samples from skeletal muscles, testis, and lung tissues were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and DNA ladder assay. Results: envenomed mice had severe cellular degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, cellular infiltrations, and marked dilatation of blood vessels in the skeletal muscles, testis, and lung tissues. This result is confirmed with extreme immunohistochemical changes in lung tissues and the results of the DNA ladder assay revealed increased DNA fragmentation in brain tissues. The envenomed and plant-treated mice revealed marked diminished effects in histopathological alternations in the studied tissues compared to envenomed mice and reduced DNA fragmentation in brain tissues. Conclusion: This study concluded that Ambrosia maritima (D) and Allium sativum (G) plants have a protective effect against scorpion envenomation and especially the garlic plant showed the best results. Our results suggested that the ameliorative effects of these plant extracts may be due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of these plants in combating free radical-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury resulting from envenomation.

Protective-Effects-of-Ambrosia-maritima-and-Allium-sativum-Plant-Extracts-on-Different-Tissues-of-Envenomed-mice-with-Leiurus-quinquestriatus-Scorpion-Venom-6

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Vol.8 No.1 – 3: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and TP53 in Egyptian Patients with Hepatitis C Viral Chronic Liver Diseases: Insight into the Pathogenesis and Predictive Force

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By : Hoda M. El-Emshaty1,*, Somaia M. Osman 2, Fathy M. El-Taweel2, Mohamed M. El-Hemaly1, Hisham Ismail 3

1Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

2Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt.

3Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is excessively generated during tumor development yielding the oxidatively modified products of proteins and DNA. These DNA alterations could contribute to the development of cancer through the activation of oncogenes and inactivating tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Therefore, 8-OHdG DNA oxidative damage and TP53 protein expression were evaluated amongst HCV-Chronic liver disease patients to explore their possible role in hepatocarcinogenesis and to predict HCC development at early stages. A total of 141 patients with HCV-related liver diseases; 69 with hepatocellular carcinoma and 72 with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in this study in addition to 56 healthy subjects.Serum 8-OHdG and TP53 expression by ELISA were markedly elevated in HCC patients compared to LC and healthy individuals (p<0.0001). A significant correlation was noted for 8-OHdG and TP53 with disease progression and tumor differentiation but not with tumor site. 8-OHdG and TP53 were highly (p<0.05) predicting for HCC at early stages and the diagnostic performance for discriminating HCC from LC by ROC curve showed the best AUC was recorded for 8-OHdG (0.745) followed by TP53 (0.667) with accuracy (87.2% and 82% respectively). Therefore, HCV-induced oxidative DNA damage could increase the carcinogenic potential of HCC development through the activation of TP53.

8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine-and-TP53-in-Egyptian-Patients-with-Hepatitis-C-Viral-Chronic-Liver-Diseases-Insight-into-the-Pathogenesis-and-Predictive-Force-converted

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Vol.8 No.1 – 2: Folic Acid Conjugated Graphene Oxide Graviola Nanoparticle for Sono-Photodynamic Leukemia Treatment: Up-To-Date Cancer Treatment Modality

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By: Mahmoud Matar Mohammad Abu Rakhey1*, Samir Ali Abd El-Kaream2, Daoxin Ma1

1Department of Hematology, Shandong University-Qilu Hospital, China

2Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Alexandria University-Medical Research Institute, Egypt

Abstract

Background: There is no doubt that one of the largest researcher dilemmas is cancer. Traditional therapeutic options such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgical and combinational treatment are widely accepted to cure or eradicate tumors. Despite chemotherapy being still a very potent weapon for cancer treatment, it is overwhelmingly associated with borders and serious side effects. There is consistently the probability of recurrence and these cancers can evolve resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatments. Therefore, seeking a new therapeutic option of treatment is necessary to treat tumors accurately and prevent cancer metastasis. Objective: This work was directed at the evaluation of the efficacy of using activated Graviola nano-composite for leukemia targeted therapy. This work was conducted in vitro (two leukemia cell lines), and in vivo (90 leukemia induced mice). Laser and ultrasound were applied as an energy source. Material and methods: In this work, the biological effects of using activated Graviola nano-composite for leukemia targeted therapy were investigated through biophysical, biochemical, and hematological analysis. Results: The results revealed that Graviola nano-composite is a potential promising photo-sono sensitizer for cancer treatment and plays a critical role both in vitro and in vivo for inhibition and induction of cancer cell death. Conclusion: Our results revealed that activated Graviola nano-composite could be applied as a natural nano-sensitizer for sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) cancer targeting.

Folic-Acid-Conjugated-Graphene-Oxide-Graviola-Nanoparticle-for-Sono-Photodynamic-Leukemia-Treatment-Up-To-Date-Cancer-Treatment-Modality-1

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Vol.8 No.1 – 1: In utero exposure of green coffee extract alters rat fetal neurodevelopment in a dose dependent manner

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By: Marwa Nabil Atallaha*, Amira S. Abd El-Gaberb

a Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy, and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science-Menoufia University, Egypt.

b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt

Abstract

Green coffee consumption has gained wide popularity, possibly due to its strong antioxidative activities and many beneficial effects in various human diseases. However, the effect of green coffee extract consumption on the development of the fetal central nervous system during pregnancy has not been elucidated. Consequently, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal administration of some doses of the green coffee extract on the development of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord of rat fetuses in terms of histopathological, proliferation, astrogliosis, and ultrastructural investigations. Pregnant dams were divided into four groups; control group (administered distilled water) and three groups orally administered three different doses of green coffee extract, GC1 (200 mg/kg), GC2 (400 mg/kg), and GC3 (600 mg/kg) from the sixth day to the 15th day of gestation. On the 20th day, dams were sacrificed and fetal cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord from different groups were fixed for subsequent investigations. The results showed that green coffee extract induced various histopathological changes in the three investigated organs including pyknosis, hemorrhage, and vacuolation. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed that green coffee extract decreased neuronal proliferation and increased reactive astrogliosis. Ultrastructurally, green coffee extract caused cytoplasmic rarefaction, neuronal degeneration, macrophage activation, and axon degeneration. Interestingly, the neurotoxic effects of green coffee on neuronal development were dose-dependent. Based on these results, the consumption of high doses of green coffee during pregnancy should be restricted. Moreover, further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of green coffee ingestion on neuronal cognition and behavioral outcomes.

In-utero-exposure-of-green-coffee-extract-alters-rat-fetal-neurodevelopment-in-a-dose-dependent-manner-1-1-1

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