Vol.4 No.3 – 3 : Nephrotoxicity associated with Orlistat in normal and obese female rats

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By : Ehab Tousson, Ahmed Massoud, Attyat Salem, Shahenda A. Fatoh

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

 

Abstract

Obesity is a global health concern associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic strategies include synthetic drugs and surgery, which may entail high costs and serious complications. Orlistat is a pancreatic lipase inhibitor licensed for the treatment of obesity. The current study was carried out to elucidate the modulating effect of Orlistat against obesity induced kidney toxicity in female rats. A total of 50 female rats were divided into five groups (G1, Control; G2, Orlistat; G3, Obesity; G4, Co- treated Orlistat with Obesity; G5, Post- treated Obesity with Orlistat rat group). The current study revealed that a significant increase in serum urea, creatinine, while  a significant decrease in the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride ions levels in treated rats with Orlistat while a significant increase in serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and chloride ions levels in obesity group when compared with control group. In contrast; a significant decrease in serum urea, Creatinine, sodium, potassium and chloride ions levels in treated obese rats with Orlistat when compared with obesity group.  So; Orlistat induced renal toxicity when used for treatment of obesity and self-recovered obese rats is safe and better than the use of Orlistat in treatment of obesity.

Nephrotoxicity associated with Orlistat in normal and obese female rats

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Vol.4 No.3 – 2 : Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Agricultural Purpose in Seven Districts, Rabigh Governorate, Saudi Arabia

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By : Zaki Al-Hasawi 1, Esam Al-Wesabi 1,5*, Hassan Al-Harbi 2, Reem Al-Hasawi 3, Basim Aloufi 4

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

2 Poison Control and Medical Forensic Toxicology Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

3 Department of Chemistry Sciences, Faculty of Science and arts, King Abdul Aziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.

4Rabigh Power Company, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.

5Al-Hodeidah University, Republic of Yemen.

 

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze well waters in seven regions, Hajar, Mughynia, Nuweiba, Rabigh, Al-Abwa, Mastourah, and Kilayyah, which lie along the valleys that discharge in the Red Sea in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. This is to evaluate and determine whether the water of these wells is suitable for drinking and agricultural use. The study included determination of the major elements Ca, Na, K, Mg, P, F, the heavy metals, Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Mn, Ba, and the toxic metals, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ag, Mo, Co, Be, V, Ar, Sb, Ti, and U concentration in the water of these wells. The elements Na, K, P increased in the ground water following the passage of water from upper valley to lower valley, and the elements Ca, Na, Mg and Cl concentration in well water is affected by their nearness to the Red Sea water, and the wells of Hajar, El-nugemia and Nuweiba have the least concentrations of these elements while those near the coast, Mastourah, Rabigh, Kilayyah and Al-Abwa contain water with high concentrations of these elements. As for water content of the major elements, all well waters is acceptable for drinking, except Mastourah with a high concentration of Na and Mg, and Rabigh and Al-Abwa with a high concentration of Ca. All wells water is acceptable for drinking as regards their content of the heavy and toxic metal.

zaki 4

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Vol.4 No.3 – 1 : The Study of some Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties in Water Wells at Rabigh Governate, Saudi Arabia

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By : ¹Zaki Al-Hasawi , ²Reem Al-Hasawi , ¹Al-Zahrani saeed

 ¹Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

²Department of Chemistry Sciences, Faculty of Science and arts, King Abdul Aziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze water wells in seven sites lie along a valley which discharges into the Red Sea at Rabigh province in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. The analysis conducted in order to evaluate and determine whether the water in the study area is suitable for drinking and agricultural uses. Nevertheless, the study included some of the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. While the physical characteristic included odor, taste, and color, however the chemical characteristics included the pH, Electric conductivity (EC), Turbidity, Total Hardness (TH), Total Dissolved Salts (Solids) (TDS), ammonium (NH4-N), nitrates (NO3-N), nitrites (NO3-N), and bicarbonates (HCO3). In addition to microbiological aspects like the water concentrations of Total Coliform Bacteria (TCB) and the Fecal Coliform Bacteria (FCB). However, in the present study, our results indicated clear variations in the levels of physical and chemical concentrations. It was found that the levels of ammonium (NH4-N), nitrates (NO3-N), nitrites (NO3-N), and bicarbonates (HCO3) at all sites have levels below the standards recommended by the international and local organizations. The only exception was found at Rabigh and Colia, in which the levels of these parameters exceeded the permissible limits recommended by these organizations. Regarding the concentrations of the Total Coliform Bacteria and Fecal Coliform Bacteria, the water wells at all sites is acceptable for both drinking and agricultural use due to their concentrations were below the recommended standards. In this paper, we recommended that it is necessary that the quality of drinking water should be checked at regular time intervals and further studies are needed in the future in order to monitor the pollution in the study area.

zaki 3 (1)

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Vol.4 No.2 – 6 : Measurement the concentration of calcium in the serum of diabetic patients in Missan province, Iraq

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By : Farah Mjbali jabber

       College of Pharmacy , University of Missan , Iraq

Abstract

This study was conducted to measure the concentration of calcium  in the serum of diabetic patients, calcium is one of trace elements, by studying 50 samples representing the group of patients divided into three groups by age groups, the first group of age (4-20) years, the second group of the age of ( 21-50) years, the third group age     (51-75) Year of both sexes compared to 30 samples taken from healthy individuals as a control group. The concentration of calcium was measured for patients and healthy people.

Aim :-  The aim of this study was to measure and compare the serum levels of calcium in normal individuals and in diabetic patients.

Measurement the concentration of calcium in the serum of diabetic patients in Missan province

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Vol.4 No.2 – 5 : Kinetic and conductivity study to oxidation drug ketone ,using iodoform in basic medium

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By : Layla A.Al-Juber, Gazwan H.Al-Somaidaie, Ayad S.Hamed, Shemaa H.Abdullah

 

Abstract

Iodoform oxidation for drug ketone(spusforonion) at room temperature by using the conductivity study and spectrophotometric in basic medium . The conductivity study showed that molar conductance values were decreased with increasing of time at (2×10-4-4×10-4) concentration ,while at ( 5×10-4-6×10-4) the value of molar conductance was increased , due to the reaction in presence of basic medium and apply the Helmy’s theory of oxidation solutions was applied in ethanol for the initial infinity Molaric conductivity Ʌοat 250  ̊was found the liner relationship between the lnɅ and C1/2for the weak electrodes . The second study was the spectrophotometric in basic medium which showed that the reaction is related to the  first order for the oxidation drug concentration  by the iodofrom.

final Kinetic and conductivity study to oxidation drug ketone

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Vol.4 No.2 – 4 : Effect of sewage water discharge on Red Sea and shore Water and soil chemical characteristics

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By : Al-Zahrani saeed, AL-Hasawi zaki

 

Abstract

Jeddah City Saudi Arabia sewage water (untreated and treated) is discharged into the Red Sea water south of the city. The discharged water may contain harmful toxic elements that may affect the living organisms in the sea water, and also the coastal habitat particularly naturally growing plant species. A study was andertaken to assess and evaluate the concentrations of the macro- and micro-lements, the heavy and toxic metals, saults, and to determine acidity and conductivity of the Red Sea water and soil a, and the shore water and soil and compare them with results collected from unpolluted area away from this affected area. The results indicated highly significant accumulation of saults, macro ande micro-elements, and heavy and toxic metals in the sea and coastal water and soil compared to the unpolluted site . Out of all Ca, Na and Cl in the sea and shore water expressed no significant differences between the polluted and unpolluted sites. For the sea and shore water the highest concentrations were for Mg, K and P, while for their soil the highest concentrations were for Ca, Mg, K, P, Na and Cl. AS for the heavy metals Cu, Mn, Cr, Al, Zn and Co dominated in the sea and shore water, while for the sea and shore soil the domination was for Cu, Mn, B, Cr and Al. Some of these elements , Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, Cu, Cr and Ni are concentrated at levels above that suggested and recommended by the Metreological Environmental Protection Agency (MEPA), Ministry of Water and Electricity (MWE) and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO, 1985).

zaki 2

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Vol.4 No.2 – 3 : Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae) associated with human corpses in Alexandria, Egypt

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By : Tarek I. Tantawi , Ibrahim E. El-Shenawy , Hoda F. Abd El-Salam , Somia A. Madkour , Nevine M. Mahany

 

Abstract

During the period from 20 May 2000 to 8 May 2002, 15 human corpses found in different seasons and habitats in Alexandria, Egypt were investigated for insect evidence. The aim of the present study was to identify and record the different species of flies infesting the corpses to establish a database for the potential use of insects as forensic indicators in Alexandria. Insect collecting was performed during autopsy at El-Esaaf Morgue, Kom El-Deka, Alexandria. All the corpses examined were enrolled in death investigations. Larvae of six fly species belonging to three families were collected from the corpses; Calliphora vicina, Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala, and Lucilia sericata (Calliphoridae); Sarcophaga argyrostoma (Sarcophagidae); and Muscina stabulans (Muscidae). These fly species were the initial colonizers of the corpses and, hence, are important in minimum postmortem interval estimates in Alexandria. Larvae of Calliphoridae were the most common and abundant insects, collected from 86.66% of the corpses and infested corpses in all seasons and habitats. Chr. albiceps was the most common species, invading 73.33% of the corpses of which 33.33% of infestations were found in urban, indoor situations. Outdoor infestations of corpses by this species accounted for 40%. Larvae of Chr. albiceps were collected from corpses in all seasons and were found to monopolize six corpses. Chr. megacephala, L. sericata, and S. argyrostoma were able to invade each 20% of the corpses where they acted as primary flies. S. argyrostoma was found to be a highly indicative species to corpses found in urban, indoor habitats during the warmer seasons. Three cases of forensic entomology interest are presented and discussed.

Flies (Diptera) vol4 issue 2

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Vol.4 No.2 – 2 : Clinical Manifestations of Philadelphia-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Sudan

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By :  Sahar  Elbager , Enaam Abdelgader , Samah Ali , Tahani Mursal , Nahid Yousif , Eltaher Osman , Amar Dowd , Magdi Bayoumi

 

Abstract

Background/ objective: The Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), is a heterogeneous group of oncohematological diseases that express a high burden of symptoms that significantly affect patient quality of life and are associated with high morbidity and premature mortality. This study aimed to determine the clinical manifestations of MPNs in Sudanese population.

Method: A retrospective study was carried out in the Radiation and Isotope Center at Khartoum (RICK), Sudan. 290 medical records of MPNs were examined.

Results: Polycythemia Vera (PV) was the most frequent (64.1%) with a median age at diagnosis of 50 years. It was, followed by Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) (28.6%, median age 48years) and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) (7.3%, median age 58years). Male patients had mostly a history of PV (p < 0.05). Females were predominately affected by ET (p < 0.05), despite the gender distribution of PMF patients was approximately similar (p > 0.05). Among PV cases, the main symptoms present at diagnosis were fatigue with fever reported by 31.2% of cases followed by headache (26.6%), joint pain (24.2%), splenomegaly (14.2%), hepatosplenomegaly and thrombotic complications. In ET, 43.4% of the cases complained about headache followed by fatigue associated with fever, joint pain, splenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly. None of ET cases presented bleeding or thrombotic complications. In PMF cases, the main symptoms were fatigue with fever (19%) followed by joint pain, headache, fever, bleeding, thrombotic complication, splenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly.

Conclusion: The current study showed that in Sudan, MPNs affects a younger population and PV was more prevalent than ET and PMF. The findings also revealed that headache, fatigue and joint pain were the most frequent symptoms.

Clinical Manifestations of Philadelphia-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Sudan (2) (1)

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Vol.4 No.2 – 1 : Protective Effects of α-lipoic acid on Biological changes Induced by α-cypermethrin in Testis Rats

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By : A. Sedky and A. Ali

 

Abstract

α-cypermethrin is one of the most potent insecticide used worldwide.This study was planned to evaluate the possible role of α-lipoic acid in α-cypermethrin induced toxicity in rats. The treated groups were;the control, α-cypermethrin, α-lipoic acid and α-cypermethrin and α-lipoic acid groups. Our results showed that administration of α-cypermethrin caused significant decrease in RBC count, PCV and Hb content and an increase of WBC count. Also, α- cypermethrin caused significant increase in the levels of cholesterol, TGs, LDL-Cand VLDL-C, while the HDL-C was decreased.In addition, α-cypermethrin caused reduction in serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels in intoxicated rats. Furthermore, the co-administration of α-lipoic acid mitigated the toxicity of α-cypermethrin by partially normalizing these biochemical parameters. Our results were supported by histopathological observations of testis. Our data suggest that α-lipoic acid may have a protective role against α-cypermethrin induced toxicity in rats.

cyp testis 3 corrected

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Vol.4 No.1 – 4 : Impact of environmental pollutants and parasites on the ultrastructure of the Nile bolti, Oreochromis auruis

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By :Eman Hashem Radwan , Amel Abd El Rahman Hassan  , Gehan Hassan Fahmy, Salma Sameh El Shewemi and Sherine Abdel Salam

 

Abstract

Environmental variability has great impact on processes of ecological organization. Local variation probably accounts within population variation in death rate. Marine parasites are of great importance. Incorporating environmental variation into theories of life histories for a better understanding of how environmental factors influence physiology, and the resulting histories of individuals. Adult Oreochromis auruis were collected from, El Behiara, Egypt. Concentration of Pb, Cu and Cd have been detected in the biota samples collected from El Behara, Egypt. The plenty of heavy metal concentration in the fish samples was found in the order Cu > Pb > Cd. A significant correlation (p<0.05) were found for each of Cu, Cd and Pb in Oreochromis auruis . The mean level of Pb is highly positively correlated with mean concentration level of the activity of GPx and the mean level of the total protein as r= 0.51 and r= 0.61; while Cu is highly positively correlated with Cd, S‰ and the total protein as r=0.75, r=0.65 and r=0.74; respectively. Cd is only highly significantly correlated with the total protein as r= 0.64.The salinity was highly correlated with both pH and the total protein as r=-0.64 and r=0.6; respectively. The mean value of pH is highly negatively correlated with both GPx and with the total protein as r= – 0.50 and r=-0.52; respectively. The activity of GPx is highly correlated with only the activity of the SOD as r=- 0.701.

(final2) salma, shirin, eman, gehan,amal.docx,2018.docx7-4-2018 (1)

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