Vol.2 No.1 -1 : Gasoline induced pulmo- oxidative damage in mice model.

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By : Awatef Ali1 ,Nawal El-Ghazaly2 , Samir Dekinesh3,Sanaa Kabiel4,Azza Sedky5

Abstract

The present work aims to evaluatethe cytotoxic effects on lung cells exerted by gasoline. 60 male albino mice were used in the present experiment, divided equally into 3 groups: first group (control) was left access to fresh air, second group (experimental) was subjected to gasoline 80- vapor/1h./day and third group (experimental) was subjected to gasoline 90-vapor/1h./day along eight consecutive weeks. The study comprises determination of body weight, bioaccumulation of some heavy metals ,histological and ultra-changes . Histological changes increased according to duration of exposure as, infiltration of inflammatory cells, detachment and necrosis of the epithelial cells .The electron micrographs revealed dilatation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, loss of the secretory granules in the Clara cells and loss of cilia in the ciliated cells that exhibited bleb formation. Necrotic type II pneumocytes, exhibited vacuolation, fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondrial degeneration , nuclear alterations, degeneration of lamellar bodies and microvillar atrophy. In conclusion, gasoline vapour inhalation induced lung tissue injury and cellular damage concomitant with impairment of the lung antioxidant defense system. These effects were more pronounced with the unleaded than with the leaded gasoline.

1. Gasoline induced pulmo- oxidative damage in mice model.
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Vol.2 No.1 -3 : Studies on the antibacterial effect of probiotics and prebiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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By : Shaaban,M.T1., Hussien ,M.Z2., Allam N.G.3, Moustafa H.H.1

Abstract

The influences of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidus and Streptococcus thermophiles ( probiotics mixture) were studied against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The ethanolic precipitate of the probiotics mixture revealed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and assayed qualitatively by GC-Mass spectrum as it partially identified as carbohydrate substances, Antimicrobial activities of the used probiotics and prebiotics against S. aureus were studied in vitro referring to commercial used antibiotics, To investigate the protective efficiency of probiotics mixture and their prebiotics against S. aureus infection in mice, acomparative studies have been conducted and the success of treatment or prevention had been measured through detection of Liver enzymes (Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanin transaminase (ALT) , bacterial colony count in target organs (liver and lung ), histological changes occurred in liver and intestine and immunoglobulin IgM titer.In conclusion it could be concluded that the mixed culture of probiotic strains could increase the protective effects against S. aureus infection.

3. Studies on the antibacterial effect of probiotics and prebiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Vol.2 No.1 -4 : Ameliorating effect of propolis and moringa extract against equigan induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress on rat hippocampus.

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By : Ehab Tousson, Ezar Hafez, Ahmed Massoud and Ahmed A. Elfeky

Abstract

In most countries worldwide, Equigan is anabolic steroid that is forbidden for human uses or for meat production. The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorating role of Propolis and moringa leaf extract (MLE) against Equigan induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress on rat hippocampus. A total of 48 healthy male albino rats weighing 170-200 g and of 10-12 weeks age were divided into 6 groups (8 animals each). 1st Control group includes animals that injected intramuscularly with olive oil for 12 weeks. 2nd and 3rd groups were rats received Propolis and MLE respectively. 4th experimental group include animals that receive intramuscular injections of Equigan for 12 weeks; 5th and 6th groups where rats intramuscular injected with Equigan and treated with Propolis and MLE at the same time respectively. The obtained results indicate that hippocampal nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and total protein were significantly increased in Equigan group when compared with control group. In contrast hippocampal catalase, SOD and total thiol levels were significantly decreased in Equigan group when compared with control group. On the other hand hippocampal NO, MDA, ACE and total protein in Equigan group were significantly increased when compared with co-treated Equigan with MLE or Propolis groups. In contrast; hippocampal catalase, SOD and total thiol levels were significantly decreased in Equigan group when compared with co-treated Equigan with MLE or propolis groups. We can concluded that; MLE and propolis extract ameliorate the neurotoxicity and oxidative stress on rat hippocampus induces by Equigan.

4. Ameliorating effect of propolis and moringa extract against equigan induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress on rat hippocampus.
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Vol.2 No.1 -5 : Comparative Study of Thermal Lens Effect in End Pulsed-Pumped Ceramics and Single Crystal Yb3+ YAG- Cr4+ YAG Passively Q-switched Microchip Laser.

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By : Y. S. Nada1, S. M. A. Maize2

Abstract

In this work, different thermal lens focal lengths with different pumping repetition rates for ceramic and single crystal Yb:YAGare calculated for controlling the thermal focal length without using additional optical elements . The effect of pumping energy and pump beam diameter on the thermal focal length is studied. Finally, the stability of the cavity is investigated via ABCD matrix method.

5. Comparative Study of Thermal Lens Effect in End Pulsed-Pumped Ceramics and Single Crystal Yb3+ YAG- Cr4+ YAG Passively Q-switched Microchip Laser.
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Vol.2 No.1 – 6 : Evaluation of the sterility condition of commonly used eye drops present in the Egyptian pharmacies.

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By : Abo Elnasr, A.A.1, Manal M. Girges 2, Yasmin M. El Saba,1 Islam A. Mohalhal 2, , Aya G. Awad2

Abstract

Fourty samples of commonly used eye drops were collected from The Egyptian Pharmacies and divided into 2 groups: group A (with antimicrobial activity) and group B (without antimicrobial activity), the two groups cultured on blood agar medium and Sabouraud agar medium two times after opening these samples in open air, 9 samples showed microbial growth. The number of colonies counted and the organisms isolated and identified as (Staphylococcus auereus, Micrococcus, Candida albicans, and coagulase negative Staphylococcus). After that group (A) samples were taken and inoculated with saline containing Candida albicans and Staphylococcus auereus then they cultured on the same two media, after the period of incubation Candida show growth in all samples while Staphylococcus auereus show positive growth in four samples.

6. Evaluation of the sterility condition of commonly used eye drops present in the Egyptian pharmacies.
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Vol.2 No.1 -7 : Potential hepatoprotection exerted by ginseng against chlorpyrifos-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.

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By : Bayomy M.F.F., Abdel Samie H. A., Gendia S.E. M.

Abstract

Insecticides gained public reputation and widespread application to control the spread of different insects in various habitats. However, the deleterious effects of these chemicals could not be ignored and should be dealt seriously. The present work was conducted to test the efficacy of the natural plant ginseng in alleviating toxicity of chlorpyrifos. The organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos induced hepatotoxicity and changes in some serum biochemical parameters. The liver of rats administered chlorpyrifos manifested cytoplasmic vacuolization, leucocytic infiltration, hemorrhage and remarkable dilatation of veins. The nuclear chromatin was condensed. There was a significant increase in alanin aminotransferase (ALT) while there was a significant decrease in albumin, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum of treated rats. Treating animals with ginseng was found in this study to alleviate hepatotoxicity and restore the levels of the tested serum parameters to nearly normal values.

7. Potential hepatoprotection exerted by ginseng against chlorpyrifos-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.
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Vol.2 No.1 -8 : Effect of metformin on histopathological and immunohistochemical changes induced by high fructose intake in liver and brain of rats.

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By : Eman Ahmed Youssef

Abstract

Fructose is widely used as a food ingredient and has the potential to increase oxidative stress and related complications. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of metformin on histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in liver and brain of rat induced by high fructose intake. Forty male albino rats were divided into 4 groups. Groups I and II served as controls. Group III received 10 % drinking fructose solution for eight weeks. Group IV was received 10 % drinking fructose solution for eight weeks and treated with metformin (320 mg/kg/day) during the last 4 weeks of the experimental period. Rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks; liver and brain were excised and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Histopathological results: Fructose drinking manifested changes in liver and brain cerebral cortex. Liver changes were manifested as inflammation, apoptosis, dilated sinusoids, fibrosis, macrosteatosis, ballooned hepatocytes and marked collagen deposition, while brain changes were degenerating neurons, steatosis, karyorrhexis, and pyknotic nuclei in nuropil and lightly stained Nissl substance with cresyl violet. Metformin treatment eliminated histopathological changes in addition to decreased collagen deposition in liver and improved Nissl substance staining in brain. Immunohistochemical results showed increased immunostaining positivity of caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS) in liver and brain in fructose group . Reduced immunoreactivity of caspase-3 and iNOS in fructose plus metformin group either in liver or brain sections. In conclusion, the results suggest that the hepatoprotective and neuroprotective role of metformin on histopathological and and immunohistochemical changes induced by fructose could be attributed to its ability to reduce oxidative stress.

8. Effect of metformin on histopathological and immunohistochemical changes induced by high fructose intake in liver and brain of rats.
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