Vol.2 No.12 – 7 : Evaluation of Health Centers Laboratory Results for Schistosoma haematobium Infection in El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt

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By : Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Ahmed A. Yameny (Email: dr.ahmedyameny@yahoo.com)

Abstract

Background : Logically ,successful treatment requires correct diagnosis based on the accuracy , reproducibility, and interpretability of investigations and examinations. The mission of health laboratory services is to provide high quality services in the right place and at the right time in respect of the needs of patients, the community  health staff including not only clinicians but also epidemiologist and environmental sanitarians. Quality is the degree to which care services influence the probability of optimal patient outcomes .” American Medical Association, 1991. Quality is never an accident . Research objective : To assess the quality of results presented  by health centers laboratories, for diagnosis of  S.haematobium in El-Fayoum Governorate. Subjects and methods: Across -sectional study was carried . This study was carried out in Ministry of  Health Laboratory Centers,in  El- Fayoum Governorate. A list of health centers was obtained from Ministry of Health (MOH). Ten Health Laboratories  were included in this study : Two central laboratories (Control Laboratory and Evaluation Laboratory)  and eight laboratories in eight  centers were chosen randomly from the list , from each laboratory 100 random urine samples were obtained and total sample size was 1000 urine samples . Results: In all centers the number of positive cases were lower than that detected by the study except in lab.1(El-Hadka health centerlaboratory), it detect one false positive case. The case was had a red blood cells in urine.And lab. No.9,(El-Sadeek primary school laboratory), there was no positive cases either by the researcher or the health center laboratories, and the total percentage of positive cases detected by health center laboratories was 67.1 % in relation to that detected by researcher.
Conclusion and recommendations : In all health centers laboratories the number of positive cases were lower than that detected by the researcher, and the total percentage of positive cases detected by health center laboratories was 67.1 % in relation to that detected by researcher. So using of Nuclepore membrane filteration technique is important for diagnosis of S.haematobium and continuous training for health centre laboratories staff is very important.

Evaluation of Health Centers Laboratory Results for Schistosoma haematobium Infection in El-converted

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Vol.2 No.12 -6 : Effect of fast neutrons-irradiated diets on liver structure and function of male albino rats

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By : Samir A. Nassar , Mahmoud R. Mahmoud , Magda S. Hanafy and Hagar A. Khalaf

Abstract

Presently, there is a growing need for the technology of food irradiation since it provides an effective process in food preservation and quality improvement . Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the effects of fast neutron- irradiated wheat grains on the structure and function of the liver of albino rats. . Rats were categorized into two main groups (G1 & G2 ) ,40 animals for each. Each group was subdivided equally to four subgroups ( A,B,C&D for G1 and AA,BB,CC&DD for G2). A and AA served as control animals for G1 and G2 respectively and given non-irradiated diets ,while B,C&D were given irradiated diets at three different fluencies of fast neutrons;4.3×105 ,2.0×106 and 1.4×107 n/Cm2 respectively .But ,BB,CC and DD were given a diet of irradiated wheat of the second generation ( harvested from cultivation of the irradiated grains of the first generation ) at the same previous fluencies. Serum albumin and total protein, biochemical markers of liver function ( ALP, ALT and AST ) and the histopathological alterations of liver would be tested. Rresults of the present work highlight the detectable effect of irradiated wheat grains by the moderate ( 106 ) and the highest ( 107 ) fluencies of fast neutrons on albumin and total protein concentrations ( as indices of liver synthetic capacity). However the lowest (105) fluency exerted no detectable effect. The application of feeding with grains of the 2nd. generation on G2 experimental subgroups ( BB, CC & DD ) recorded a slight increase did not approaching a significant value ( p > 0.05 ) concerning albumin and total protein levels, in all treated animals Concerning the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) and transaminases ( ALT & AST ) , they recorded minor fluctuations between the positive and negative range in the exposed animals of both groups ( G1 & G2) as compared to controls . But , these little differences did not approaching a significant record except for ALP inBB subgroup of G2 . On histopathological examination of liver tissue , sporadic spontaneous lesions , known to occur in rats , were the only findings , with no specific relation to the studied stress factor .Therefore , it can be concluded that fast neutron-irradiated diets does not cause changes of any toxicological significance in experimental animals , at the conditions of the current experiment , in spite of minor changes in biochemical parameters . But , it is necessary to demonstrate the safety of radiationprocessed food in case of human consumption.

6. Effect of fast neutrons-irradiated diets on liver structure and function of male albino rats
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Vol.2 No.12 -5 : Effect of chitosan nanoparticles on haloperidol drug-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats Light and Electron Microscopic study.

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By : Sahar A. Sabry , Samia M. Sakr and Hassan M. Ibrahim

Abstract

Haloperidol (HP) is a widely used neuroleptic drug for the treatment of acute and chronic psychosis. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of haloperidol on the liver of rats and the possible preventive effect of chitosan nanoparticle. Thirty two adult male rats were used in the present study. They were allocated into four groups. The first group served as control and was injected i.p. with 1mg/kg saline solution. The second group, each rat received a single (i.p.) injection of (2 mg/kg b.wt.) chitosan nanoparticles, each animal of third group given 0.3mg/ml/kg haloperidol while in the fourth group each rat received 0.3 mg/ml/kg haloperidol carried on nanoparticles daily for 21 days. Histological examination of liver sections of haloperidol- treated rats revealed destruction of the normal pattern of the hepatic lobules. The hepatic cells appeared with fatty degeneration and vacuolation of hepatocytes. The nuclei of hepatocytes exhibited noticeable signs of deterioration; pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis. Congestion of blood vessels was also detected and the portal areas were invaded by inflammatory lymphocytes. On the other hand, the liver sections of rats treated with haloperidol carried on nanoparticles showed minimizing the toxic effects of haloperidol alone. Electron microscopic investigation of hepatocytes of haloperidoltreated rats revealed conspicuous alterations, represented by aggregation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in clumps and the mitochondria underwent swelling with obvious condensation of their matrices by materials that displayed high electron density and some of them lost their cristae. In conclusion: this study showed that when haloperidol carried on nanoparticles it decreased the destructive progress of haloperidol on the liver of rats.

5_Effect_of_chitosan_nanoparticles_on_haloperidol_drug-induced_hepatotoxicity_in_albino_rats_Light_and_Electron_Microscopic_study
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Vol.2 No.12 -4 : Effects of propolis on histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations in testes of thyroidectomized rat.

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By : Ezar Hafez

Abstract

The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and its prohormone, thyroxine, are secreted by the thyroid gland which are responsible for the regulation of metabolism in all body tissues. This work aimed to study the histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical changes in the adult rat testes after thyroidectomy, in addition to the role of propolis in reducing these changes. Twenty five male Wistar rats were assigned randomly into equal (5) groups; control, sham operated, shamed propolis, thyroidectomized, thyroidectomy treated with propolis. Levels in compare to control the thyroidectomized rats showed significantly decrease in serum T3 and increase in TSH levels. Degeneration and increase in the seminiferous tubules lumen also noticed. Immunohistochemical results showed a remarkable reduction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in spermatogonia of thyroidectomized rat testes as compared with control group. The results revealed that, propolis has an ameroliating role on thyroidectomized rats testes by decreasing damage.

4_Effects_of_propolis_on_histopathological_and_immunohistochemical_alterations_in_testes_of_thyroidectomized_rat
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Vol.2 No.12 -3 : Immunological study for Helicobacter pylori bacteria in Egyptian patients.

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By : MOHAMED H. YASSIN , SAMUEL T. MELEK , MOHAMED E. RASHED and TAGHREED A. ZIDAN

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) are a helix shaped, microaerophilic, Gram-negative, flagellated bacteria. H. Pylori and mankind have an ancient relationship for at least 50,000 years. Commonly the first noninvasively testes used for H. pylori infection’s detection were immunological tests like blood antibody test and stool antigen test. We investigated the more efficient susceptibility immunological test for detection of H.pylori infection in adult Egyptian patients by comparing the results of H. Pylori IgA (HpIgA), IgG in serum blood (HpIgG) and H.pylori Ag in stool (HpSAg) for 30 adult patient against control group using ELISA technique. The results showed that each test could be used successfully for diagnosis of H. pylori. Finally HpSAg showed reliable results with high sensitivity (> 95%) followed by HpIgG (87.5%), while HpIgA showed the lowest sensitivity (37.5%). Our findings confirms the use of the mentioned immunological tests for detecting them H. Pylori infection and suggest the use H. Pylori Ag in stool as the most economic, sensitive and reliable method alone or followed by IgG antibody test as confirmatory test to be the first choices for early diagnosis of H. Pylori especially in developing countries.

3_Immunological_study_for_Helicobacter_pylori_bacteria_in_Egyptian_patients
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Vol.2 No.12 -2 : Effects of L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba on Pentylentetrazol-induced liver damage and oxidative stress in rats.

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By : Reda M. Fekry1 , Akaber TH Keshta1 , Wafaa K.Abo-Ghaneima and Ehab Tousson

Abstract

Pentylentetrazol (PTZ) kindling is an acknowledged models for epilepsy. The current study aimed to determine the possible protective and ameliorative effects of Lcarnitine and Ginkgo biloba (GB) against PTZ induced liver injury and oxidative stress in male rats. A total of 80 male albino rats were equally divided into eight groups; 1st group was the control; 2nd and 3rd were GB and Lcarnitine groups, respectively; 4th group was pentylenetetrazole rat group and the 5th and 6th groups were pre and post treated PTZ with L-carnitine groups respectively; the 7th and 8th groups were pre and post treated PTZ with GB respectively. Serum ALT, AST, ALP and MDA in liver tissue were significant increase in PTZ group when compare with control, while serum ALB and CAT, SOD, GST and TAC in liver tissue were significant decrease in PTZ group when compare with control. On other hand post and pre-treatment with L-carnitine and GB improved these parameters. Our results revealed that the treatment with L-carnitine improved these parameters more than GB and the results of post treatment were better than pre-treatment.

2_Effects_of_L-carnitine_and_Ginkgo_biloba_on_Pentylentetrazol-induced_liver_damage_and_oxidative_stress_in_rats
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Vol.2 No.12 -1 : The influence of naringenin on lambda-cyhalothrin induced nephrotoxicity in male rats.

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By : Ahmed Mokhtar Abu El-Saad

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the protective role of naringenin (NGN) against biochemical changes induced by lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) in the kidney of male rats. The animals were randomized into four groups (n=7/group). Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 received LCT (6.12 mg/kg bw, via gavage) once per day. Group 3 received NGN (50 mg/kg bw, via gavage), 30 min following LCT (6.12 mg/kg bw, via gavage). Group 4 received NGN (50 mg/kg bw, via gavage) for 21 days. By the end of the experimental period, exposure of rats to LCT, the following indices significantly increased compared with the control: serum levels of creatinine and urea; level of malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and activities of Nitric oxide synthetase (NOS), Cytochrome P-450 (Cyt P-450) in kidney tissues; levels of retinol-binding protein (RBP), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in urine. By contrast a marked drop in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), total sulfhydryl group (TSH) were evident in the kidney tissues of LCT exposed group compared to that of control. Furthermore, a sharp drop in the level of uric acid (UA) was also recorded in urine after LCT exposure. Co-treatment of NGN to the LCT-treated rats restored most of the aforementioned indices to near-normal levels. In conclusion, NGN appeared to be a promising agent for protection against LCT-induced nephrotoxicity.

1_The_influence_of_naringenin_on_lambda-cyhalothrin_induced_nephrotoxicity_in_male_rats
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Vol.2 No.11 -4 : Physiological perturbations in gills and liver of Siganus canaliculatus as potential biomarkers of hydrocarbons pollution in Arabian Gulf of Saudi Arabia.

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By : Ahmed Mokhtar Abu El-Saad

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the state of health of gills and liver tissues of Rabbitfish, Siganus canaliculatus, inhabiting three different coastal localities in the Saudi coast of the Arabian Gulf, namely Al-Dammam, Dareen and Maniefa, with varying degrees of pollution affected by anthropogenic inputs including fractionated hydrocarbons. Al-Dammam coast was the less impacted site, and thus considered as a reference location. High concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in sediments and tissues at sites with anthropogenic activities (Dareen and Maniefa). Also, biochemical indicators were used to assess the impact of different levels of environmental pollution in gills and liver of the fish. The biomarkers: glycogen, total lipid, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione were found to be significantly lower in tissues of Rabbitfish caught from polluted locations compared to the reference values. However, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, catalase, glutathione-s-transferase and lipid peroxidation displayed significantly higher levels in the Rabbitfish caught from polluted locations. Overall, our results highlight the importance of estimating a set of related biomarkers to gain a preferable comprehend of protective mechanisms activated under a given environmental situation. It can be concluded that marine contamination can affect the antioxidant defense status of the gills and liver of studied fish. This has led to the suggestion that the marine Rabbitfish S. canaliculatus could be considered as a good bioindicator of environmental contamination by aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

4-Physiological-perturbations-in-gills-and-liver-of-Siganus-canaliculatus-as-potential-biomarkers-of-hydrocarbons-pollution-in-Arabian-Gulf-of-Saudi-Arabia
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Vol.2 No.11 -3 : Food composition and feeding ecology of the Arabian Red Fox Vulpes vulpes arabica Thomas 1902 in Sakaka northern Saudi Arabia.

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By : Walid Fathy , Mohammad Basuony3 and Mohammad Ibrahim

Abstract

The food composition and feeding ecology of the Arabian Red Fox Vulpes vulpes arabica inhabiting Sakaka city in the northern part of Saudi Arabia was studied using stomach contents analysis. The analysis of 32 stomach contents during February 2015 to May 2016 showed a great diverse of food like mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, scorpions, cooked rice, plants and carrion. Diet composition showed seasonal variations that associated with changes in the availability of different food items. The results clearly showed that the Arabian Red Fox is an opportunistic omnivore, capable of depending on a great types of dietary compositions. This is the first study for the food composition and feeding ecology for the Arabian Red Fox in Sakaka city and Al Jouf governorate in Saudi Arabia.

3-Food-composition-and-feeding-ecology-of-the-Arabian-Red-Fox-Vulpes-vulpes-arabica-Thomas-1902-in-Sakaka-northern-Saudi-Arabia
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Vol.2 No.11 -2 : Efficacy of saffron extract and fenugreek seeds supplementation on liver of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

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By : Doaa A. Ali , Hanaa Serag , Ahmed Abdeen and Radwa Refaat

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the possible hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects of saffron extract (100mg/kg b.wt) and fenugreek supplementation (1.4 g/day/kg b.wt) in STZ- induced diabetic rats at biochemical, histological, histochemical and ultrastructural levels. The results indicated that a single dose of STZ (50 mg /kg b wt, i.p) caused a significant increase in serum and liver total lipids, total cholesterol and triglyceride as well as serum low density and a very low density lipoprotein, accompanied by an increase in serum glucose level and oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide level as well as serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities. The results also reported a significant decrease in the high density lipoprotein, serum and liver total protein, serum albumin and globulin contents and A/G ratio, as well as a significant decrease in serum insulin level and the liver enzyme activities and the hepatic glutathione content. Histologically, STZ treated group showed degenerative changes in the pancreas and alteration in the structural integrity of the hepatocytes and their intracellular organelles. Histochemically, liver sections of STZ treated animals displayed marked decrease in the glycogen and total protein contents. On the other hand, the intake of saffron or fenugreek minimize the disturbance observed in the most tested parameters resulted from STZ administration and improve the liver structure and functions. Finally, it can be concluded that the intake of natural product such as saffron or fenugreek may be effective in reducing the diabetic liver injury induced by streptozotocin and the fenugreek supplementation showed more amelioration than saffron extract.

2-Efficacy-of-saffron-extract-and-fenugreek-seeds-supplementation-on-liver-of-streptozotocin-induced-diabetic-rats
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