Vol.7 No.4 – 5: Evaluation of the anticancer activity of dipyridamole and Imatinib mesylate compounds against breast cancer cell line and related biochemical and genetic changes

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By: Rania A. El-Leithy1, Aly F. Mohamed2, Asmaa A. EL-refaay1, Mohamed M. Omran1, *

1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

2Former Head of R&D Sector, The Holding Company for Production of Vaccines, Sera and Drugs (VACSERA), Giza, Egypt

Abstract

Imatinib mesylate and dipyridamole were antineoplastic targeted chemotherapeutic agents, and it is here evaluating the anticancer of imatinib mesylate and dipyridamole compounds against MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell line in-vitro and the related cell cycle and gene profile.  MDA-MB231 cells showed more sensitivity to imatinib mesylate than to dipyridamole, with an IC50 value of 348 g/mL versus 494 g/mL for imatinib mesylate and dipyridamole, respectively (P-value < 0.05). The up/downregulation of Bax and Bcl-2 and metastasis contributing gene (MMP-1) assured the anticancer activity. Also, the apoptotic potential of dipyridamole and imatinib mesylate was verified by arresting cells in the G2/M phase and increasing the percentage of the apoptotic cells in the pre-G1 phase. The antioxidant levels were drug dependent, as they were significantly higher(P<0.05)  in cells treated with imatinib than in cells treated with Dipyridamole.

Conclusion: Imatinib mesylate growth-inhibitory impact on breast cell lines, either alone or in combination with dipyridamole, may be mediated through up/downregulation of the Bax, Bcl-2, and MMP-1 genes. Imatinib is a promising treatment for breast cancer patients who require targeted therapy.

Evaluation of anticancer activity of dipyridamole and imatinib mesylate compounds against breast cancer cell line and related biochemical and genetic changes

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Vol.7 No.4 – 4: Therapeutic Role of Quercetin against Experimentally Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Female Albino Rats and their offspring

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By: Asma R Abdeltawab1, Hassan I.H Elsyyad2, Karoline K.Abdelaziz1,

Abd El-Fattah B. M. El-Beltagy1*

1, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt

2Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

Abstract

Aim:  To evaluate the potential role of quercetin against N-methyl nitrosourea (MNU)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in pregnant rats and their offspring. Material & Methods: Twenty-four female rats were used in this study. Six rats were preserved without treatment and the other eighteen female rats were induced by a single dose of MNU (50 mg /kg B wt). After confirmation of the positive tumor marker test, female rats were placed with the males for mating. The pregnant rats were divided into four groups (n=6). Group1: control rats, group2: Quercetin supplemented rats (20 mg/kg B.Wt, group3: MNU-induced rats, and group4: MNU-treated rats followed by supplementation with quercetin. At the end of the weaning period, the mothers and their offspring (at 21 days old postnatal) of all groups were sacrificed, the liver was removed immediately for histological and immunohistochemical investigations. Also, blood samples were collected, centrifuged, and processed for the estimation of antioxidants. Results: In the control and quercetin groups, the histological investigation of the liver of mother rats and their offspring appeared with normal architecture. In Group3 (MNU-induced group) the liver sections of mother’s rats revealed degenerated hepatic lobules with pronounced cellular hyperplasia (HCC) especially around the central vein and portal area as well as numerous Kupffer cells and fat droplets.  However, the liver sections of offspring displayed little cellular hyperplasia but the central and portal veins appeared damaged and congested with blood. Immunohistochemically, the liver sections of MNU-induced mother’s rats and their offspring appeared strongly stained with α-FP antibody and negatively stained with caspase-3 antibody. Furthermore, the levels of serum antioxidants; SOD, CAT&GSH were significantly decreased however the levels of MDA and NO were significantly increased in MNU-induced mother rats and their offspring if compared with control. In group 4, quercetin was able to restore the histological and immunohistochemical changes in the liver induced by MNU.  Also, the levels of antioxidants, as well as MDA and NO, were markedly restored near to the normal level as in control.  Conclusion: Quercetin has a powerful therapeutic role against MNU-induced HCC in pregnant rats and their offspring.

Therapeutic

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Vol.7 No.4 – 3:Molecular and Biochemical Studies on Some Natural Compounds and Their Effect on the Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats and Their Role in Treatment

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By: Adel Abaskharon Guirgis1, Dawoud Fakhry Habib2, Hanan Hanna3 and Ramy Abosaif Mahmoud1

1Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering &Biotechnology Research Institute University of Sadat City, Egypt

2 Clinical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Egypt

3 Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt

Abstract

Background: The number of individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide has more than doubled over the past three decades, and it has been predicted that the number of diabetic patients would increase to 439 million by 2030, so many efforts are being made to find a new and effective treatment for diabetes mellitus.

Objective:   This work aims to study the biochemical and molecular effect of the Moringa oleifera MO and Ficus sycomorus FLE in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and compare them with the effect of metformin, by estimation of the expression of β-actin and glucose transporter GLUT2, GLUT4, and Insulin Receptors genes in studied groups, Determination of fasting blood glucose and insulin levels before and after induction of (STZ), Quantitative estimation serum cholesterol, TG levels, HDL, LDL, Some antioxidant enzyme activity Glutathione peroxidase, catalase and lipid peroxidation in plasma. Results: MO and FLEshowed promising anti-diabetic potential in diabetic-bearing albino mice which can be attributed to its anti-inflammatory effect. This could serve as a stepping stone towards the discovery of newer safe and effective anti-diabetic treatment.

Molecular and Biochemical Studies on Some Natural Compounds and Their Effect on the Streptozotocin induced Diabetic Rats and Their Role in Treatment-converted

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Vol.7 No.4 – 2:Diagnostic values of a model based on B-type natriuretic peptide, C reactive protein, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio for diagnosis of diabetic heart diseases patients

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By: Mohamed M. Omran1*, Yassmin Taha2, Mohamed Kadry3, Fathy M. Eltaweel2, Tarek M. Emran4

1 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt

3Laboratory Department, Gamasa Central Hospital, Gamasa, Egypt

4Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University,

New Damietta; Egypt

Abstract

Background: People with type 2 diabetes means they are more likely to progress many complications such as hyperglycemia, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and accelerated heart disease. Diabetic heart disease (DHD) can be diabetic cardiomyopathy, heart failure (HF), and coronary heart disease.

Methods: Blood samples from 100 patients with DHD, and 76 controls included   [diabetic patients without cardiac diseases 56, and 20 healthy individuals were collected. C reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), were estimated in all study individuals. The area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the single and combined markers. Results: Levels of CRP, BNP, and NLR had significant differences but VCAM had no significant differences among DHD, controls, diabetic, and healthy individuals groups.  Then VCAM marker was excluded from further analysis. CRP was the most efficient biomarker among markers for discriminating DHD patients from healthy individuals, diabetic patients and, controls with AUCs were 0.99, 0.87, and 0.89; respectively. We developed a new model based on three blood markers (CRP, BNP, NLR) for differentiated DHD.  Linear significant correlations were observed between model levels and candidate markers that included: CRP (r=0. 78; p <0.0001), NLR (r = 0. 0.53; p <0.0001), BNP (r = – 0.55; p <0.0001). The AUC of the model was 1.0 with 100 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity for discriminated patients with DHD from healthy individuals. For discriminate patients with DHD from diabetic patients, AUC was 0.90 with 92 % sensitivity and 81% specificity. For discriminate patients with DHD from controls, AUC was 0.93 with 92 % sensitivity and 83 % specificity.  

Conclusion: The combination of three candidate biomarkers CRP, BNP, and NLR can be used to improve the diagnosis of DHD patients with high diagnostic performances.

Diagnostic-values-of-a-model-based-on-B-type-natriuretic-peptide-C-reactive-protein-and-neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio-for-diagnosis-of-diabetic-heart-diseases-patients-converted

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Vol.7 No.4 – 1: Antioxidant effect of vitamin E on diphenylamine-induced hepato-renal oxidative stress and structural changes in rat fetuses

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By: Hend Tarek El-Borm

Zoology Department-Faculty of Science-Menoufia University, Egypt

Abstract

To date, studies on the effects of prenatal exposure to diphenylamine on developing fetuses are sparse. Therefore, further investigation is required to determine the potential prenatal hazard of this compound and to introduce possible treatment for these hazards. This study aimed to assess the biochemical, histopathological, and ultrastructural changes induced by diphenylamine in the developing liver and kidney of rat fetuses and the role of vitamin E in alleviating these changes. Fifty pregnant rats were divided equally into five groups, the group I was administrated distilled water, group II was administrated corn oil, group III was administrated 100 mg/kg/b.wt. vitamin E, group IV was administrated approximately 400 mg/kg/b.wt diphenylamine and group V was administrated diphenylamine + vitamin E at the above-mentioned doses from the 6th to 15th day of pregnancy. Diphenylamine induced undesirable histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the fetal liver and kidney. These changes were in the form of vacuolation, congestions of central veins, hemorrhage, leucocytic infiltration, degenerated cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, and swollen mitochondria and rER of hepatocytes. While the degenerative changes in the kidney were represented by degenerated brush border, lumen dilation, tubular hyalinization, vacuolation, degenerated nuclei, and mitochondria. Also, there was a significant decrease in the antioxidant enzymes i.e., superoxide dismutase and catalase, and a significant increase in reactive oxygen radicals and malondialdehyde. Treatment with vitamins E after diphenylamine restored all biochemical, histopathological, and ultrastructural damage cited above. In conclusion, vitamin E has antioxidant effects which could be able to antagonize diphenylamine prenatal toxicity.

Antioxidant-effect-of-vitamin-E-on-diphenylamine-induced-hepato-renal-oxidative-stress-and-structural-changes-in-rat-fetuses-converted

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Vol.7 No.3 – 4:Association between thrombocytopenia and mild infection of COVID-19 patients

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By: Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Thrombocytopenia is a common manifestation and also an indicator of poor prognosis of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 according to previous researches, Some studies have found a relationship between thrombocytopenia and the severity of the COVID-19 and related mortality. Patients and methods: This study included 504 out hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection in Alexandria, Egypt, these study subjects were randomly selected irrespective of the age group and both genders were included, EDTA blood sample was collected for performing complete blood count and platelet count (Diagon D-cell 60 hematology analyzer Europe-Diagon Ltd. Hungary). Results: The present study included patients aged from14 years to 75 years mean age was 44.5 ±30.5 who were confirmed to have Covid-19 based on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the female gender was more frequent (n=280, 55.6%) than Male gender (n=224, 44.4%). This study reveals a normal platelet count in 456 patients (90.5%), and a mild low platelet count of 140-150× 109/L in 48 patients(9.5%), with a p-value, is 0.415 which is more than 0.05 not significant. And no patients in this studied group recorded platelet count less than 140× 109/L. Conclusion: Platelet was not a significant biomarker for COVID-19 diagnosis or prognosis in out-hospitalized patients (Outpatients and patients under home observation).

Association-between-thrombocytopenia-and-mild-infection-of-COVID-19-patients-converted

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Vol.7 No.3 – 3: T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Correlation with Clinical Manifestation

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By: Abeer M. El-Maghraby1, Yasser B.M. Ali2, Eman A. El-maadawy2, Mohamed F. Elshal2, Iman H Bassyouni3, Islam M El-Garawani1, Roba M. Talaat2

1Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt

2Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt

3Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

AIM: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that has a multifactorial etiology. T- Lymphocytes are essential in SLE pathogenesis. It plays a crucial role in autoantibody production and the subsequent immune complex formation, which may induce or directly damage multiple organs. This study was carried out aiming to quantify certain T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) in SLE patients and to elucidate if there is a possible influence of disease activity scores and clinical manifestations. Patients and Methods: This study included 100 SLE patients with various disease activity scores (SLEDAI) and 100 healthy age and sex-matched controls. The frequency of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ was assessed by flow cytometry. Results: A significant up-regulation in CD3+ (P<0.01), CD8+ (P<0.001) coincides with a significant downregulation in CD4+cells (P<0.001) were detected in SLE patients compared to controls. A significant up-regulation in CD4+ (P<0.05) was demonstrated in active SLE patients compared with the inactive form of the disease. On the other hand, no significant change was observed in the frequency of CD3+ and CD8+T cell subsets between active and inactive patients. Arthritic patients have a significant reduction in CD3+ and CD4+ T cells while those with Vasculities significantly reduce in CD4+, CD8+ compared with SLE patients without these manifestations.   Conclusion: The current study results stressed the importance of T cell subsets in SLE disease. They might participate in disease activity and in controlling several manifestations of lupus. Our findings will help design more studies on the role of T cell subsets in SLE pathogenesis which may provide new therapeutic targets for SLE.

T-lymphocyte-subsets-CD3-CD4-and-CD8-in-Systemic-Lupus-Erythematosus-SLE-Correlation-with-Clinical-Manifestation-converted

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Vol.7 No.3 – 2: Evaluation of diagnostic performances of leptin and vitamin D for colorectal cancer diagnosis and follow-up

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By: Manar S. Fouda1, Sara A. Mekkawy2, Mariam T.  Ghabour2, Radwa E. Othman2, Nayera A. Ahmed2, Nour A. Habbib2, Salsabeel A.Elkholey2,  Rahma M.Soliman2, Maria C. Fouad2,  Ellen Y.Ayad2,  Mayar A. Shaqran2,  Mariam I Mohamed2,   Rokaia M. Aljarwani1, Khaled Aboul-Enein3,  Mohamed M. Omran1*

1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt

2 Molecular Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt

3Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most often diagnosed solid tumors, with a significant death and morbidity rate. CRC biomarkers are desperately needed for early detection. Traditional CRC tumor markers do not have the best diagnostic performance. The levels of leptin and vitamin D were evaluated. CRC patients before treatment (n=16), CRC patients after treatment (n=14), and 20 patients with benign tumors were included in this case-control study. ELISA was used to determine the levels of traditional tumor markers (CA19.9 and CEA) as well as candidate markers (leptin and vitamin D). Using area receiver-operating characteristic analysis (AUC), the diagnostic performance of single and combination markers was assessed (ROC). The levels of CEA and CA 19.9 in the three groups studied were not significantly different. Vitamin D and leptin were significantly decreased (p= 0.03 and p= 0.02; respectively) in CRC patients than after benign patients. A novel combination, based on the combination of vitamin D and leptin was developed for CRC diagnosis using stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA). The combination can be represented as = (4.65 – vitamin D ((ng/ml)) × 0.009 + Leptin (ng/ml) × 0.441). AUCs were reported when leptin was used as a single biomarker for distinguishing CRC from benign (0.78) and non-treated CRC from treated CRC (0.67). When leptin and vitamin D were combined, the AUCs increased to 0.84 and0.72, respectively. Conclusion: Leptin and vitamin D were shown to be promising diagnostic and follow-up indicators for CRC in our investigation.

Evaluation-of-diagnostic-performances-of-leptin-and-vitamin-D-for-colorectal-cancer-diagnosis-a-converted

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Vol.7 No.3 – 1:CDPA-1 Stored Blood Induced Effect on some Haematological Parameters

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By: Nihal Abdalla Bakheit Almokhtar and Nour Mahmoud Abdelateif Ali

Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

Background: Most blood collection bags contain 63 mL CPDA anticoagulant which is sufficient to anticoagulant and ensures the viability of blood cells in 450 mL±10% blood for up to 28–35 days when the blood is stored at 2–8°C. Prolonged storage of blood leads to alteration in cells hematologically which may lose viability with time. Aim: The study was conducted to determine the effect of storage on CPDA-1 for varying periods on some hematological parameters. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on blood donated by 30 healthy volunteer donors. Effect of storage was analyzed at 1, 7, 14, 21and 28 days intervals. Hematological parameters were measured using Mindary PS 300 hematology analyzer. Results:

There is a highly significant increase in hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (P.C.V. %), MCV, and also a decrease in lymphocyte, granulocyte, and platelet count. The results also showed an insignificant decrease in total white blood cell count. Conclusion: There are degenerative changes observed in blood parameters in samples collected in citrate phosphate dextrose adenine (CPDA-1).

CDPA-1-Stored-Blood-Induced-Effect-on-some-Haematological-Parameters-converted

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Vol.7 No.2 – 6: Heterocyclic Compounds Containing N atoms as Corrosion Inhibitors: A review

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By: Auhood kadhim zaid* ,Samia Mezhr Merdas*, Muntaha Yassen Hayal**

*Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq.

**Pharmaceutical chemistry Branch, College of Pharmacy, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq

Abstract

Corrosion is the most important and costly cause of severe operational problems encountered in oil and gas production systems. It may occur anywhere in the production system, from the oil/gas well bottom to the final transfer of produced gas or oil to the refinery. Internal corrosion of carbon steel pipelines is a common and serious problem in oil and gas production, which is designed for long-term operation. It involves an interaction between the metal wall and the flowing fluids. This problem has caused the consideration of many corrosion control programs and research in various oilfields around the world. There is global use of carbon steels as materials of construction for pipes in the oil and gas industries.  Compounds triazoles and their derivatives have attracted huge attention due to their simple preparation and superior corrosion inhibition activity towards mild steel in acidic environments. Therefore, the present review aims to highlight the carried out using Compounds triazoles and their derivatives for steel protection in different corrosive environments.

Heterocyclic Compounds Containing N atoms as Corrosion Inhibitors A review-converted

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