Vol.8 No.2 – 2: Frequency and specificity of red blood cells alloantibodies among Sudanese multiparous women

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By: Nour Mahmoud Abdelateif Ali 1, and Abather Alsayed Mohamed 2

  1. Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
  2. Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

Background: Allo-immunization is a condition in which the body gains immunity, from another individual of the same species, against its cells. Blood group antibodies are called alloantibodies if they react with alloantigens on the red blood cells (RBCs) of other individuals. Immune antibodies are produced following exposure to foreign erythrocyte antigens through pregnancy or transfusion. Maternal alloimmunization, also known as iso-immunization, occurs when a woman’s immune system is sensitized to foreign erythrocyte surface antigens, stimulating the production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Purpose: This study aimed to detect the frequency and specificity of alloantibodies against (RBCs) antigens among Sudanese multiparous women.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 130 pregnant ladies, most of them were attending Soba teaching hospital and the remaining to Khartoum teaching hospital during the period from February-2008 to May-2008. Serum from each lady was collected. Each sample was grouped and screened for alloantibodies, then samples with positive antibody screening were tested for antibody identification using the gel agglutination method. Results: The overall frequency of alloantibodies detected among studied pregnant ladies was 10.8%. The results also revealed that an insignificant correlation was found between age, ethnic group, and presence of alloantibodies ((P-value: > 0.05); While a significant correlation was observed between the history of abortion, and the number of pregnancies and presence of alloantibodies (P-value: < 0.05).

Conclusion: In summary, we concluded that the alloantibodies were detected in one-tenth of the studied subjects with a significant association between detected antibodies and the number of pregnancies.

Frequency and specificity of red blood cells allo-antibodies among Sudanese multiparous women-converted

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Vol.8 No.2 – 1:Induction of renal cell line apoptosis by hydrogen peroxide

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By: Khalil A. Alhalfawy1, Bahgat A. Elfiky2, Ahmed M. Zahran3 and Mahmoud M. Zayed2

  1.  Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt
  2. Animal Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute – University of Sadat City, Egypt
  3. Internal medicine and nephrology Department, Faculty of medicine – Menoufia University, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Hydrogen peroxide is currently the most widely used as an apoptosis inducer due to its broad cytotoxic efficacy against nearly all cell types. cytotoxicity is achieved over a wide range of doses

Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of hydrogen peroxide on renal cell lines by detecting RIPK1.

 Methods: In this study, we used a Vero cell line treated with H2O2 at concentrations 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM, 0.4 mM, 0.8 mM, and 1.6 mM and examined after 30 min,1hour,2hours,3hours, 4hours and 5 hours. by using MTT assay to detect cytotoxicity to cell line (by detecting cell viability). Spectrophotometrically measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 570 nm. Measure the background absorbance of multi-well plates at 690 nm and subtract from the 450 nm measurement. Sub-lethal dose to renal cell line is one treated with 1.6 mM for 5 hours. groups group 1: renal cell line as control which not treated by H2O2. group 2: Sub-lethal which renal cell line treated by concentration 1.6 mM of H2O2 for 5 hours. Results: H2O2 is cytotoxic to renal cell line by concentration from 0.1 mM to 1.6 mM. RIPK1 gene expressed in renal cell line treated by H2O2. The sublethal dose reached 1.6 mM for 5 hours.  There is a significant difference between the 2 groups by detecting the expression of the RIPK1 gene.

Induction

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Vol.8 No.1 – 5:The association of the -158 XmnI γG globin polymorphism with HbF level in sickle cell anemia Sudanese Patients

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By: Rajaa Abo Elgasim Osman Mohammed and Nour Mahmoud Abdelateif Ali

Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell hemoglobinopathy is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of hemoglobin S (HbS), γG-158 (C→T) polymorphism plays an important function in the disease severity of sickle cell anemia, The XmnI restriction site at -158 position of the γG-gene is associated with increased expression of the γG-globin gene and higher production of HbF, Previous studies have suggested that a variety of genetic determents influence different clinical phenotypes. The genetic variants that modulate HbF levels have a very strong impact on ameliorating the clinical phenotype. Aim: This study aims to associate between Xmn1 (…γG-158 C→T …) polymorphism and fetal hemoglobin level among Sudanese patients with SCA.Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study 60 blood samples from diagnostic cases were analyzed using a Hematology analyzer (Sysmex KX21N), capillary electrophoresis (MINICAP), using “G-spin™ Total DNA Extraction Kit”, PCR-RFLP techniques. Results: Patients with SCA were analyzed for Xmn1 polymorphism and association between this polymorphism and severity of SCA was evaluated, the presence of one XmnI (+/-) site CT 2% in SS patients compared with XmnI-/- site CC98% had shown difference regarding HbF level, thus the Polymorphic association was founded. Conclusion: In our descriptive cross-sectional study we concluded that the effect of the polymorphism on the Hb F level was established.

The association of the -158 XmnI γG globin polymorphism with HbF level in sickle cell anemia Sudanese Patients-converted

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Vol.8 No.1 – 4: Protective Effects of Ambrosia maritima and Allium sativum Plant Extracts on Different Tissues of Envenomed mice with Leiurus quinquestriatus Scorpion Venom

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By: Nahed M. M. Emam*andAljohara M. Alotaibi **

*Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Arish University, Egypt.

** Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nora Bint Abdel Rahman University, Saudi Arabia

** Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 13225, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Scorpion envenomation is a common hazard in many parts of the world and in Sinai, hence great attention must be directed towards such animals to avoid or reduce their dangers. One of the most common antioxidant medicinal plants in Sinai is the Ambrosia maritima or Damsisa plant; it is playing an important rolein reducing or neutralizing the toxic effects of venoms. Also, the Allium sativum plant or (garlic) has been used for many years to treat a variety of medical problems. Aim of work: the present study was prepared to illustrate the protective effect of damsisa and garlic plant extracts in different tissues of mice envenomed with Leiurus quinquestriatus scorpion venom. Materials and methods: 48 albino mice were divided into 6 groups. Group I: the healthy control rats received tap water for 4 weeks, and then intramuscularly (i.m.) injected with saline solution and sacrificed after 48 hours from an injection. Group II: envenomed mice were intramuscularly injected with (0.15 µg/g b.wt.) dose of the scorpion venom and sacrificed after 48 hours from envenoming.  Group III: mice treated with a daily oral dose of Damsisa plant extract (100 mg/kg) for 4 weeks; Group IV was treated with a daily oral dose of garlic plant extract (220 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Group V: the envenomed mice were injected with the same dose of the scorpion venom and pretreated with oral doses of Damsisa (100 mg/kg b. wt) for 4 weeks. Group VI: the envenomed mice were injected with the same dose of the scorpion venom and pretreated with an oral dose of garlic plant extract (220 mg/kg b. wt) for 4 weeks. All mice were sacrificed after 48 hours from envenoming. At the end of the experiment, some tissues samples from skeletal muscles, testis, and lung tissues were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and DNA ladder assay. Results: envenomed mice had severe cellular degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, cellular infiltrations, and marked dilatation of blood vessels in the skeletal muscles, testis, and lung tissues. This result is confirmed with extreme immunohistochemical changes in lung tissues and the results of the DNA ladder assay revealed increased DNA fragmentation in brain tissues. The envenomed and plant-treated mice revealed marked diminished effects in histopathological alternations in the studied tissues compared to envenomed mice and reduced DNA fragmentation in brain tissues. Conclusion: This study concluded that Ambrosia maritima (D) and Allium sativum (G) plants have a protective effect against scorpion envenomation and especially the garlic plant showed the best results. Our results suggested that the ameliorative effects of these plant extracts may be due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of these plants in combating free radical-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury resulting from envenomation.

Protective-Effects-of-Ambrosia-maritima-and-Allium-sativum-Plant-Extracts-on-Different-Tissues-of-Envenomed-mice-with-Leiurus-quinquestriatus-Scorpion-Venom-6

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Vol.8 No.1 – 3: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and TP53 in Egyptian Patients with Hepatitis C Viral Chronic Liver Diseases: Insight into the Pathogenesis and Predictive Force

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By : Hoda M. El-Emshaty1,*, Somaia M. Osman 2, Fathy M. El-Taweel2, Mohamed M. El-Hemaly1, Hisham Ismail 3

1Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

2Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt.

3Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is excessively generated during tumor development yielding the oxidatively modified products of proteins and DNA. These DNA alterations could contribute to the development of cancer through the activation of oncogenes and inactivating tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Therefore, 8-OHdG DNA oxidative damage and TP53 protein expression were evaluated amongst HCV-Chronic liver disease patients to explore their possible role in hepatocarcinogenesis and to predict HCC development at early stages. A total of 141 patients with HCV-related liver diseases; 69 with hepatocellular carcinoma and 72 with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in this study in addition to 56 healthy subjects.Serum 8-OHdG and TP53 expression by ELISA were markedly elevated in HCC patients compared to LC and healthy individuals (p<0.0001). A significant correlation was noted for 8-OHdG and TP53 with disease progression and tumor differentiation but not with tumor site. 8-OHdG and TP53 were highly (p<0.05) predicting for HCC at early stages and the diagnostic performance for discriminating HCC from LC by ROC curve showed the best AUC was recorded for 8-OHdG (0.745) followed by TP53 (0.667) with accuracy (87.2% and 82% respectively). Therefore, HCV-induced oxidative DNA damage could increase the carcinogenic potential of HCC development through the activation of TP53.

8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine-and-TP53-in-Egyptian-Patients-with-Hepatitis-C-Viral-Chronic-Liver-Diseases-Insight-into-the-Pathogenesis-and-Predictive-Force-converted

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Vol.8 No.1 – 2: Folic Acid Conjugated Graphene Oxide Graviola Nanoparticle for Sono-Photodynamic Leukemia Treatment: Up-To-Date Cancer Treatment Modality

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By: Mahmoud Matar Mohammad Abu Rakhey1*, Samir Ali Abd El-Kaream2, Daoxin Ma1

1Department of Hematology, Shandong University-Qilu Hospital, China

2Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Alexandria University-Medical Research Institute, Egypt

Abstract

Background: There is no doubt that one of the largest researcher dilemmas is cancer. Traditional therapeutic options such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgical and combinational treatment are widely accepted to cure or eradicate tumors. Despite chemotherapy being still a very potent weapon for cancer treatment, it is overwhelmingly associated with borders and serious side effects. There is consistently the probability of recurrence and these cancers can evolve resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatments. Therefore, seeking a new therapeutic option of treatment is necessary to treat tumors accurately and prevent cancer metastasis. Objective: This work was directed at the evaluation of the efficacy of using activated Graviola nano-composite for leukemia targeted therapy. This work was conducted in vitro (two leukemia cell lines), and in vivo (90 leukemia induced mice). Laser and ultrasound were applied as an energy source. Material and methods: In this work, the biological effects of using activated Graviola nano-composite for leukemia targeted therapy were investigated through biophysical, biochemical, and hematological analysis. Results: The results revealed that Graviola nano-composite is a potential promising photo-sono sensitizer for cancer treatment and plays a critical role both in vitro and in vivo for inhibition and induction of cancer cell death. Conclusion: Our results revealed that activated Graviola nano-composite could be applied as a natural nano-sensitizer for sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) cancer targeting.

Folic-Acid-Conjugated-Graphene-Oxide-Graviola-Nanoparticle-for-Sono-Photodynamic-Leukemia-Treatment-Up-To-Date-Cancer-Treatment-Modality-1

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Vol.8 No.1 – 1: In utero exposure of green coffee extract alters rat fetal neurodevelopment in a dose dependent manner

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By: Marwa Nabil Atallaha*, Amira S. Abd El-Gaberb

a Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy, and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science-Menoufia University, Egypt.

b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt

Abstract

Green coffee consumption has gained wide popularity, possibly due to its strong antioxidative activities and many beneficial effects in various human diseases. However, the effect of green coffee extract consumption on the development of the fetal central nervous system during pregnancy has not been elucidated. Consequently, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal administration of some doses of the green coffee extract on the development of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord of rat fetuses in terms of histopathological, proliferation, astrogliosis, and ultrastructural investigations. Pregnant dams were divided into four groups; control group (administered distilled water) and three groups orally administered three different doses of green coffee extract, GC1 (200 mg/kg), GC2 (400 mg/kg), and GC3 (600 mg/kg) from the sixth day to the 15th day of gestation. On the 20th day, dams were sacrificed and fetal cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord from different groups were fixed for subsequent investigations. The results showed that green coffee extract induced various histopathological changes in the three investigated organs including pyknosis, hemorrhage, and vacuolation. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed that green coffee extract decreased neuronal proliferation and increased reactive astrogliosis. Ultrastructurally, green coffee extract caused cytoplasmic rarefaction, neuronal degeneration, macrophage activation, and axon degeneration. Interestingly, the neurotoxic effects of green coffee on neuronal development were dose-dependent. Based on these results, the consumption of high doses of green coffee during pregnancy should be restricted. Moreover, further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of green coffee ingestion on neuronal cognition and behavioral outcomes.

In-utero-exposure-of-green-coffee-extract-alters-rat-fetal-neurodevelopment-in-a-dose-dependent-manner-1-1-1

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Vol.7 No.4 – 8:The association between Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha level (TNF-α) and moderate COVID-19 patients in Egypt

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Sabah Farouk Alabd and Ahmed Abdelhalim Y. Mahmoud

Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Infection with viral agents causes upregulation of cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), which is considered an important mediator of inflammation. TNF-α has been associated with a poor prognosis in patients with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Patients and methods: This study included 66 mild COVID-19 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection and 22 healthy people as a control group, these study subjects were randomly selected irrespective of the age group and both genders were included, 1 ml blood sample was collected for performing serum TNF-α levels test, Reagents of EIAab is located at East Lake Hi-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan China.  Human tumor necrosis factor ELISA kit TNF-α serum levels immunoassay test catalog number E0133h. Results: This study reveals that serum TNF-α levels for mild COVID-19 patients and healthy control people were non-significant with a p-value of 0.1191 between the two groups. Conclusion: the serum TNF-α level is not a significant biomarker for diagnosis or prognosis of mild COVID-19 patients (Outpatients and patients under home observation), while other studies reported patients with COVID-19 demonstrated significantly elevated levels of TNF- 𝛼 upon admission to hospitals.

The-association-between-Tumor-Necrosis-Factor-alpha-level-TNF-α-and-mild

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Vol.7 No.4 – 7:Characteristics of peripheral Leukocyte in moderate infection of COVID-19

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By: Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Blood leukocytes are an important part of the body’s defense system, and infection status can be predicted by measuring WBC levels. COVID-19 may involve many organ systems in its host. Studies suggest that hematological profiles change during SARS-CoV-2 illness. Patients and methods: This study included 504 mild infected patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, these study subjects were randomly selected irrespective of the age group and both genders were included, EDTA blood sample was collected for performing total and differential white blood cells (Diagon D-cell 60 hematology analyzer Europe-Diagon Ltd. Hungary). Results: The present study included patients aged from14 years to 75 years mean age was 44.5 ±30.5 who were confirmed to have Covid-19 based on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, female gender was more frequent (n=280, 55.6%) than Male gender (n=224, 44.4%). This study reveals normal total WBCs count in 320 patients (63.5%), neutrophilia with a sensitivity of 77.8%, and lymphopenia with a sensitivity of 73%. Conclusion: Neutrophilia has a sensitivity of 77.8% and lymphopenia has a sensitivity of 73% for diagnosis or prognosis of mild infection of COVID-19 patients (Outpatients and patients under home observation).

Characteristics-of-peripheral-Leukocyte-in-mild-infection-of-COVID-19

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Vol.7 No.4 – 6:The prognostic value of elevated creatine kinase as an Independent Prognostic Factor for COVID-19 mild infection

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By: Sabah Farouk Alabd and Ahmed Abdelhalim Y. Mahmoud

Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt

DOI: 10.21608/jbaar.2021.237395

Abstract

Background: Creatine kinase (CK), which is a marker of muscle damage, was also often found to be elevated in deceased COVID-19 patients and those with severe disease, Therefore, higher CK could be used as a prognostic marker to indicate a more severe clinical picture of COVID-19. Patients and methods: This study included 225 out-hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, these study subjects were randomly selected irrespective of the age group and both genders were included, Assay procedure as manufactory instructions and Reagents of Spectrum diagnostics, optimized DGKC/IFCC liquid reagent, Egypt are used. Results: This study showed male gender was more frequent (n=135, 60%) than the female gender (n=90, 40%). This study reveals high serum CK levels in 45 patients (20%), which has a sensitivity of 20% as a biomarker for COVID-19 diagnosis in out-hospitalized patients (Outpatients and patients under home observation), with a p-value is <0.001 which is less than 0.05. Conclusion: CKhas a sensitivity of 20% in out-hospitalized patients (Outpatients and patients under home observation), thus elevated CK is best used as a rule-in test rather than a rule-out test.

The prognostic value of elevated creatine kinase as an Independent Prognostic Factor for COVID-19 mild infection 2

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