Vol.1 No.6 -8 : Acrylamide induced histochemical and immunohistochemical alterations in rat kidney cortex

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By : Safia Mohamed Hassan1 and Eman Ahmed Youssef 2

Abstract

Acrylamide represents an industrial chemical and has become one of the main public health concerns since it was detected in extensively consumed food items. The present study was planned to investigate the effects of two doses of acrylamide on some enzyme activities and immunoreactivity of some immunohistochemical parameters in kidney cortex of male rats. Rats were randomly divided equally into three groups. Group (I) was control, group (II) was given acrylamide for 6 months orally in a dose of 0.05 mg/ /Kg dissolved in water for 3 doses per week and group (III) was administered acrylamide in a dose of 0.5 mg by the same way as in group II. At the end of the experiment all animals were sacrificed under anesthesia, kidney was immediately removed and processed for histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. The results revealed that the activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) were significantly increased, while succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity was decreased significantly compared to control group. On the other hand, immunohistochemical results showed that acrylamide significantly reduced the immunoreactions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e- NOS) in addition to significant increase in immunoreactivity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (i- NOS) and insignificant increase in alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) with respect to control group. Over all, these results suggested that the deleterious effect in kidney tissue resulted from oral administration of acrylamide, most probably due to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.

8. Acrylamide induced histochemical and immunohistochemical alterations in rat kidney cortex
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Vol.1 No.6 -9 : The Egyptian population records significant differences in allele frequencies as compared to other Arabian populations from Morocco, Syria and Gaza using short tandem repeat system

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By : Samir A. Nassar 1, Nermien A. Ibrahim 2, Ali M. Abd El-Gawad 3 and Mohamed F. Omar 4

Abstract

The allele frequencies of the selected somatic short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphic loci (D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX and FGA ) were evaluated for 103 buccal swab samples of healthy unrelated Egyptian individuals collected from 27 governorates. Two DNA extraction methods were used (a manual organic one and BioRobot EZ1 automatic method). Samples were amplified by PowerPlexR 16 system, genotyped and allele frequencies were calculated. The aim of this work was to establish a STR database for 15 loci in the Egyptian population and comparing their DNA characteristics with those of Morocco, Syria and Gaza, located at the very West and East of Mediterranean sea, respectively, and to chick if they can be fused to a single Arabian database. The present results indicated that buccal cell DNA samples can provide precise estimates of human amplifiable DNA. DNA yields obtained with the BioRobot EZ1 were of better quantity and quality of extracted DNA. In the studied Egyptian population, the current investigation recorded allele specificity in some loci; locus D21S11 (allele 28.2) and locus D18S51 (allele 13.2). However, other alleles could be recorded as non-specific for the Egyptian population like allele 16 of Penta D locus and alleles 6 and 13 of TPOX locus. The interpopulation comparison between the obtained Egyptian population database and the previously mentioned Arabian populations revealed significant differences allover the 15 loci. The presence of allele 20 of D3S1358 locus, allele 24.2 of D21S11 locus and allele19.2 of FGA locus in a sample from a crime scene and it is referred to unknown person indicates that the person is not Egyptian but from Morocco. If the allele 35.2 of D21S11 locus, allele 17.2 of D18S51 locus, allele 5 of CSF1PO and allele 9 of FGA locus is found in a sample from a crime scene and it referred to an unknown person, this indicates that the person is not Egyptian but from Gaza . If allele 16.4 of Penta E locus, allele 7 of D13S317 locus, allele 9.3 of D7S820 locus, allele 15 of D16S539 locus and allele 11.3 of D8S1179 locus found in a sample from a crime scene and it is referred to an unknown person, this indicates that the person is not Egyptian but from Syria. Thus, a common STR database for the Arabian population cannot be established. In conclusion, the present data may be considered as a helpful preparation for a preliminary construction of the local DNA database of the Egyptian population.

9. The Egyptian population records significant differences in allele frequencies as compared to other Arabian populations from Morocco, Syria and Gaza using short tandem repeat system
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Vol.1 No.6 -10 : Ultrastructure biomarker in Anisops sardeus (Heteroptera Notonectidae) for the assessment and monitoring of Water Quality of Al-Mahmoudia Canal,Western Part of Nile Delta, Egypt

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By : Dalia A. Kheirallah

Abstract

Ultrastructure biomarker reflects the effects of pollutants. The present study amid to evaluate the reproductive changes of the aquatic hemipteran insect Anisops sardeus (as a bioindicator organism), inhabiting three sites in Al-Mahmoudia canal (Abou-Hommous, Zarcon town, Manshia) which varied in physical and chemical properties. Mahmoudia canal is considered the main water source for Alexandria, which receive water from Rosetta branch at Mahmoudia city. The canal receives domestic and agriculture wastes from Zarcon Drain and other non-point sources. The present work is concerned with monitoring bioaccumulation of metal in the testes of A. sardeus using SEM-X-ray microanalysis and illustrating spermatogenesis disruptions. Insects caught from polluted sites (Zarcon town, Manshia) showed higher proportion of heavy metals in particular Cu, Zn and Hg than in the less polluted site (Abou-Hommous). Many alterations of the general architecture of the testis were pronounced. Disruption and damage for the normal cellular organization were observed. In epithelial cells, aggregated clumps of heterochromatin, irregular nuclear envelope, cytoplasm with disorganized mitochondria and convolution of follicular wall were noticed. In spermatogonia the nucleus appeared with disintegrated nucleolus, vacuolated cytoplasm and degenerative changes in the mitochondria. According to the obtained results the water quality of Al-Mahmoudia canal was lower at the polluted sites and the watercourse from south to north direction has been increased in pollution sources. The results also showed that the intensity of the histopathological changes increased with increasing the intensity of heavy metals. As a biomarker of exposure to toxicants, histopathology represents a useful tool to assess the degree of pollution

10. Ultrastructure biomarker in Anisops sardeus (Heteroptera Notonectidae) for the assessment and monitoring of Water Quality of Al-Mahmoudia Canal,Western Part of Nile Delta, Egypt
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Vol.1 No.6 -11 : Histological and Biological Effects of Some Soft Drinks on Male Albino Rats

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By : Nehad R. EL-Tahan1 and Rania A. Ahmed2

Abstract

sodas that could have a caloric or noncaloric sweetener. Several studies showed that the excessive consumption of soft drinks leads to harmful health effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of some soft drinks on the public health by examining the histological structure of kidney, body weight, biochemical values, bone mineral density (BMD ) and bone Xray . Twenty male rats, (weighing 140 ±5 g) , were divided into 4 groups. ; Group 1 (the control group) fed only on basal diet. ; Group 2 received cola diet soft drink ; Group 3 received orange soft drink and Group 4 received lemon soda soft drink. For histopathological examination, The kidneys were removed. The bone mineral density of the rats was assessed using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The body weight change and blood values were also determined. The histological examination of the kidneys showed general glomerular congestion, vacuolation, intertubular bleeding, tubular necrosis and hypotrophy of glomeruli . The weight gain was higher in the groups consuming diet drinks than the control group and the other group rats. There was a significant decrease in the bone mineral density of test groups when compared to the control group .

11. Histological and Biological Effects of Some Soft Drinks on Male Albino Rats
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Vol.1 No.6 – 12: Evaluation of Nuclepore Membrane Filtration Technique for Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium Infection

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By : Ahmed Abdelhalim Yameny

Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Ahmed A. Yameny (Email: dr.ahmedyameny@yahoo.com)

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease. It is one of the most important diseases of humans in tropical and subtropical parts of the world, rapid characterization of schistosome eggs considered a key step for clinical management, diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium is generally based on the detection of eggs in a single urine specimen, Urine filtration is one of the methods recommended by the WHO for the detection of S.haematobium. In 1976, Peters et al adapted a nuclepore filter for the diagnosis of S.haematobium eggs. They used a filter 13 mm in diameter with 8 µm pores, in another study done by Peters et al (1976), they proved that under field conditions, filtration of two 5 ml aliquots using 8 µm pore filters was very practical, if eggs of S.haematobium are present (size 150 by 60 µm), they are unable to pass through the filter and can be observed and counted under a microscope fitted with a 10x objective.

This study used both the microscopic examination techniques of urine, centrifugation sedimentation technique and Nuclepore membrane filtration technique to detect Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine for 1000 patient samples, to evaluate each technique alone and the two techniques together. This study showed that the nuclepore filtration method more valid than the sedimentation centrifugation method, nuclepore filtration detect 77 infected cases with a sensitivity of 97.5%, but sedimentation detect 64 infected cases with a sensitivity of 81%, in this study we considered the sum of nuclepore and sedimentation as a gold standard, they detected 79 infected cases to compare them with other methods.

Evaluation-of-Nuclepore-Membrane-Filteration-Technique-for-Diagnosis-of-Schistosoma-haematobium-Infection-Final-converted

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Vol.1 No.5 -1 : Association of some adipokines and oxidative stress biomarkers with septic patients.

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By : Ramy Mostafa, 1; Mohamed Afify, 2 Ahmed I.Amin, 3 Amr Saad4

Abstract

The incidence of sepsis has increased considerably since the late few decades. Sepsis became one of the major causes of death in developed countries. We became in desperate need of updated models for assessing severity of sepsis with no limitations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic role of some adipokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in assessing severity and prediction of early outcomes among septic patients. we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of individuals developing sepsis. Consecutive series of all eligible patients had a double venous blood sample drawn one on hospital admission and one after 48 hour of admission for assaying some adipokines such as lipocalin-2 (LCN 2) & resistin and some oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) & glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX). Admitted patients were followed up to assess early outcomes (length of hospital stay and mortality). The results identified 30 septic cases of them 4 (13%) have SIRS, 5 (17%) have sever sepsis and 21 (70%) with septic shock. We found that lipocalin-2 exhibited elevated levels after 48 hour of admission as compared with on admission measurements (102.9 vs. 85.7 pg/mL, p = <0.001).Resistin showed elevated levels on admission as compared with 48 hour of admission measurements. Malondialdehyde exhibited elevated levels after 48 hour of admission as compared with on admission measurements.Glutathione peroxidase showed significant decrease in its levels after 48 hour of admission as compared with on admission measurements.Also, we found that serum levels of lipocalin-2,resistin and malondialdehyde were significantly higher in non-survivors but glutathione peroxidase were significantly lower in nonsurvivors than survivors at 28 days -follow-up for mortality. In addition, our markers were positively correlated with APACHE II and SOFA scores respectively. It is concluded from this work that lipocalin-2, resistin, malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase are valuable for the risk stratification, early diagnosis and prognostication of sepsis in the ICU.

1. Association of some adipokines and oxidative stress biomarkers with septic patients.
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Vol.1 No.5 -2 : Efficacy of a novel water soluble curcumin derivative versus Tadalafile in mediating erectile function.

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By : Zaahkouk,SA.M.1, Atta H.M2., Fouad Hanan. 2, Hesham G.A1. Yehia M. Hussein.1

Abstract

The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a novel curcumin derivative (NCD) versus Tadalafile in erectile signaling. The study was conducted on 15 control male rats and 75 diabetic male rats divided into the following groups:, diabetic, curcumin, NCD, Tadalafile and NCD combined with Tadalafile . Cavernous tissue gene expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Nrf2, NFК-β, and p38, enzyme activities of heme oxygenase (HO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cGMP and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) were assessed. Results showed that 12 weeks after induction of diabetes, erectile dysfunction (ED) was confirmed by the significant decrease in ICP, a significant decrease in cGMP, NOS, HO enzyme activities, a significant decrease in HO-1 gene and a significant elevation of NFК-β, p38 genes. Administration of all therapeutic interventions led to a significant elevation in ICP, cGMP levels, a significant increase in HO-1 and NOS enzymes, a significant increase in HO-1, and Nrf2 gene expression, and a significant decrease in NFК-β, p38 gene expression. NCD or its combination with Tadalafile showed significant superiority and more prolonged duration of action. In conclusion, NCD could enhance erectile function with more efficacy and more prolonged duration of action.

2. Efficacy of a novel water soluble curcumin derivative versus Tadalafile in mediating erectile function.
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Vol.1 No.5 -3 : Biological activity of four plant oils, against the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver), (Coleoptera Curculionidae).

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By : Ahmed F. A.; Hussein K.T. and Gad M.I

Abstract

In the present study, four botanical oils of Melissa officinalis, Borago officinalis, Laurus nobilis and Carapichea ipecacuanha were tested against newly emerged adult males and females of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) for investigating their insecticidal activity, their effects on some bilogical aspects and morphogenetic abnormalities in the all stages.The results revealed that the males of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus were more susceptible to the four botanical oils than the females, followed by the immature larvae. The larvae showed different degrees of susceptibility to the four botanical oils, they showed the highest susceptibility to C. ipecacuanha and the lowest to B. officinalis oil at LC50 levels. Both adult males and females showed the highest susceptibility to C. ipecacuanha and the lowest to L. nobilis oil at LC50 levels. Also, the obtained results showed that the four tested oils disrupted some biological aspects of the tested insects. These oils markedly reduced male and female longevity, female fecundity and hatchability of the laid eggs. Morphogenetic abnormalities such as darkness of pupae, incomplete adult eclusion , dwarfism and crumpled wings and legs of adults appeared in the different stages of the insect as a result of treatment with the four tested oils.

3. Biological activity of four plant oils, against the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver), (Coleoptera Curculionidae).
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Vol.1 No.5 -4 : The role of Caselio (plant fertilizer) exposure on digestive gland histology and heavy metals accumulation in the freshwater snail, Lanistes carinatus.

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By : Sherin K. Sheir

Abstract

The adverse effects of Caselio, the plant fertilizer (PMR) on the freshwater snail, Lanistes carinatus were studied. Snails were collected from Bahr Shebeen canal, Menoufia Province, Egypt. Snails were exposed to 200 and 600 μl/l of the fertilizer (PMR) for 0, 1, 3 and 7 days. Shell, operculum, foot and soft tissue metals concentrations (Cd, Pb, Al, Cu, Mg, Ti and Na), lipid peroxidase and histopatholgy of digestive gland were investigated. Tested metals concentrations accumulated differently in the shell, operculum, foot and soft tissue under the effect of the fertilizer where soft tissue accumulated essential metals and most of the non-essential metals. Exposure to PMR caused significant increase in lipid peroxidase of snails` digestive gland ranging from 52-82 % increase than control snails (P ≤ 0.03). The fertilizer caused tissue damage in the digestive tubules as necrosis, fusion and increased lipofuscin pigment significantly of exposed snails` (200 and 600 μl/l) when compared to the control group (134.33 ± 2.85, 80.0 ± 8.18 and 69.33 ± 3.18, respectively, P = 0.0003) after 7 days of exposure. In conclusion, different organs accumulated different amounts of essential and nonessential metals under the effect of PMR. The fertilizer caused lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin pigments increase (aging) to the digestive gland of L. carinatus

4. The role of Caselio (plant fertilizer) exposure on digestive gland histology and heavy metals accumulation in the freshwater snail, Lanistes carinatus.
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Vol.1 No.5 -5 : Apoptotic Marker Alternations in the Spleen of Experimentally Hyperthyroid and Hypothyroid Rat.

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By : Ezar Hafez; Ahmed Masoud; Magdy Barnous; Ehab Tousson

Abstract

Apoptosis plays a critical role in the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms, especially those with high cell turnover such as the lymphoid system. The current study aimed to examined the effects of changes in thyroid hormones on apoptosis of spleen in male rats. 30 rats were equally divided into three groups (10 animals each). G1, control group in which animals did not received any treatment; G2, Hypothyroid group in which rats received 0.05% 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in drinking water for 6 weeks; G3, Hyperthyroid group in which rats received 100 μg/Kg L-Thyroxin sodium administration in drinking water for 6 weeks. In the present study; serum T3 and T4 concentrations were depressed and serum TSH concentration was significantly elevated in rats receiving PTU-induced hypothyroidism. On the other hand; serum T3 and T4 concentrations were significantly elevated and serum TSH concentration was depressed in rats receiving L-Thyroxin sodium-induced hyperthyroidism. In the current study; spleen in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats revealed many of abnormalities as marked disruption of spleen structure, loss in distinction between the white and red pulps, degeneration and vacuolation with an increased in the lymphocyte population. Also, a significant increase in p53 and Caspase3 apoptotic cells and a significant decrease in Bcl-2 antiapoptotic cells in the spleen tissues revealed the possibility of the apoptosis occurrence after PTU or Thyroxin administration in the case of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

5. Apoptotic Marker Alternations in the Spleen of Experimentally Hyperthyroid and Hypothyroid Rat.
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