Vol.2 No.2 -4 : Comparative cardioprotective effect of Egyptian Silybum marianum extract and Chinese silymarin in experimentally liver fibrosis.

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By : 1Ehab Tousson; 2Afrah F. Salama; 3Mahmoud A. Elony; and 2٭Mona A. Dora

Abstract

Liver fibrosis is one of the common problems effects on the human health. Many herbal, medicinal and pharmaceutical plants and their extracts are widely studied by many researches. Chinese silymarin got a bright reputation in relieve of liver fibrosis. The current study is a comparative study between the effect of Chinese silymarin (commercial drug) and the extracted silymarin from the natural Egyptian plant on the cardiac toxicity due to liver fibrosis induced by ethanol in rats. A total of 72 female Albino rats were divided into six groups; G1, Control; G2,Fibrosis; G3,Chinese silymarin; G4, Fibrosis + Chinese silymarin; G5, Egyptian silymarin extract; G6, Fibrosis + Egyptian silymarin extract. Results showed that, heart enzymes activities LDH, lipid profiles in serum and MDA in tissues were a significant increase in Fibrosis group when compared with control group. On the other hand; creatine kinase (CK) in serum, total protein, total thiol, TAC, CAT and GST in cardiac tissues were a significant decrease in Fibrosis group when compared with control group. The current results revealed that; the Egyptian plant extract improved the lipid profile, heart functions and its oxidative stress parameters as comparison with the used medical Chinese silymarin.

4. Comparative cardioprotective effect of Egyptian Silybum marianum extract and Chinese silymarin in experimentally liver fibrosis.
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Vol.2 No.2 -5 : Some biochemical markers and expression of indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase in Egyptian patients with chronic Hepatitis C.

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By : Salem, M.L.1, Barakat, L.A.2, Elnakeeb,N.A2, and Zeidan, A.A.1

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a main cause of chronic hepatitis and it may leads to cirrhosis, hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic HCV patients are subjected to treatment with ribavirin and interferon-α (IFN-α) but,which have achieved only limited success. The main aim of this study was to measure indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in chronic HCV patients which could explain the failure from therapy. Five ml of peripheral blood were collected from 30 patients with chronic HCV infection and 10 healthy control volunteers. Patients were categorized in to responders and non-responders according to viral titre upon IFN-α treatment. The levels of IDO were measured in the sera of the recruited subjects. Significant increases (P˂0.001) in the concentration of IDO were observed in IFN-α non-responder patient when compared with responders and healthy control. Conclusion: Non-responsiveness of chronic HCV patients to IFNs based therapy associated with increases in suppressive mechanisms, opening a new avenue for targeting these molecules in HCV therapy.

5. Some biochemical markers and expression of indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase in Egyptian patients with chronic Hepatitis C.
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Vol.2 No.2 -6 : In vitro Effect of LC90 of albendazole and Allium sativum water extract on the fine structure of Capillaria sp. (Capillaridae Nematoda).

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By : Amal I. Khalil*, Gamalat Y. Osman *** Omaimah A. M. Maghrabi**,Nahla A. Radwan *, Alyaa M. Abo Msalam ***

Abstract

Fish parasites are of economic and health importance where they cause serious problems in commercial fish farms and it can be transferred to human and animals. Capillaria species are nematodes of serious fish diseases which may be transferred to human.The present study was conducted to detect the in vitro effect of sublethal concentration (LC90) of albendazole( ABZ ) and Allium sativum (garlic) cloves water extract on ultra structure of Capillaria sp. collected from fresh water catfishes, Bagrus docmac and B. bayad using SEM and TEM. The morality rates of the adult Capillaria sp. in vitro exposed to different concentrations of albendazole and Allium sativum water extract was recorded after 24 hours exposure time. A. sativum water extract had higher effect than albendazole where lower concentration of A. sativum extract (18 x103 ppm) gave maximum mortality rate (100%) , 24 hours post exposure. SEM studies of the cuticle of adult Capillaria sp. in vitro treated with LC90 (17.161 x103 ppm) of A. sativum water extract for 24 hours revealed that it induced severe changes in the cuticle integrity more than those treated with concentration LC90 (5.543 x 106 ppm) of albendazole. TEM studies revealed deformation of the cuticle, hypodermis, muscles and digestive system in worms treated with LC90 (17.161 x103 ppm) of Allium sativum water extract.

6. In vitro Effect of LC90 of albendazole and Allium sativum water extract on the fine structure of Capillaria sp. (Capillaridae Nematoda).
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Vol.2 No.2 -7 : Assessment of the hazard effect of an environmental pollutant, (2-OH-BDE 123) using zebrafish embryos.

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By : Nessrin A. Kheirallah1# and Tamer El-Sayed. Ali2 #

Abstract

In the recent decades, many environmental pollutants have received significant attention due to their potential ability to mimic the actions of endogenous estrogens. These pollutants are referred as environmental estrogens and are suspected of causing health effects in both humans and wildlife through disruption of the endocrine system and causing male reproductive dysfunction, thus they are classified as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as phenolic metabolites. To monitor general toxicity of this class of EDCs, embryos of zebrafish were exposed to gradual concentrations of 2-OH-BDE 123 (hydroxy-brominated diphenyl ethers). Exposures were done by immersion of 1 hour post fertilization (hpf) zebrafish eggs to 72 hpf, nominal concentration range of 0.03 : 2.5 μM. Embryos/ larvae were assessed daily for death and structural defects. Results revealed that concentrations from 0.3 μM of such metabolites were toxic to the developing zebrafish causing serious morphological alterations and internal deformations. Both toxicity incidence and potency were correlated with the concentration applied. In conclusion, these compounds induced several teratogenic effects. More studies are required for a proper risk assessment and more attention should be given to this class of chemicals in the aquatic environment.

7. Assessment of the hazard effect of an environmental pollutant, (2-OH-BDE 123) using zebrafish embryos.
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Vol.2 No.2 -8 : Gene evolution and diversity of living organisms theory.

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By : Sobhy E. Hassab El-Nabi

Abstract

Statement of the theory is {Evolution of organisms depends mainly on gene evolution through the appearance of novel genes. Diversity of Living organisms results from genetic variations. Each Individual in the same species of Living Organisms has its own Identity of DNA Finger-print. Variations of Individuals Results from Effect of Environmental Factors, Mutation and Invader of Genetic Materials}. Gene evolution depends mainly on gene duplication ,variation of environmental conditions, mutation, transposable elements, horizontal gene transfer (HGT),de nove gene that originated from non-coding DNA which mainly comes from retrovirus and micro-RNA. And invader nucleic acids from viruses, bacteria or any parasite.The main prediction of this theory is not only each individual of human being has unique DNA fingerprint, but also any individual in the same species has also unique identity in DNA fingerprint. Any living organisms acquire genetic materials through its intimate contacts with another organisms . If the acquired genetic material reach to germ cells, it could transfer to next generation giving new traits.Viruses considered the main source for genetic transformation in all living organisms. The genomic materials of some viruses could integrate inside human genome like hepatitis B and HIV. The human genome has about 5 % virus genetic material especially from retroviruses.This theory could explain the appearance of new individuals according to transfer of genetic materials during intimate contact between different species, and support many researchers who discovered new species. Also ,this theory explain and will answer different questions , why husband and wife after some time, nearly acquire some similarities ?, why people in the same geographical area nearly have a similar pattern ?. The answer on this questions is return to the transfer of micro RNA which found in food, fluids and environment that surround the organisms. Also, similarity may return to transfer of transposable elements through intimate contacts within individuals . This theory also, explain the host-parasite relationship depending through transfer of DNA and RNA between them. We developed in our lab. Simple technique for detection of DNA and RNA from tissue lysate, through it micro- RNA could be detected. We detected the instability and dynamicity of DNA through sister chromatide exchange (SCE). Also we detect individual variation in the same species through haplotype analysis, this support our theory.

8. Gene evolution and diversity of living organisms theory.
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Vol.2 No.1 -1 : Gasoline induced pulmo- oxidative damage in mice model.

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By : Awatef Ali1 ,Nawal El-Ghazaly2 , Samir Dekinesh3,Sanaa Kabiel4,Azza Sedky5

Abstract

The present work aims to evaluatethe cytotoxic effects on lung cells exerted by gasoline. 60 male albino mice were used in the present experiment, divided equally into 3 groups: first group (control) was left access to fresh air, second group (experimental) was subjected to gasoline 80- vapor/1h./day and third group (experimental) was subjected to gasoline 90-vapor/1h./day along eight consecutive weeks. The study comprises determination of body weight, bioaccumulation of some heavy metals ,histological and ultra-changes . Histological changes increased according to duration of exposure as, infiltration of inflammatory cells, detachment and necrosis of the epithelial cells .The electron micrographs revealed dilatation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, loss of the secretory granules in the Clara cells and loss of cilia in the ciliated cells that exhibited bleb formation. Necrotic type II pneumocytes, exhibited vacuolation, fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondrial degeneration , nuclear alterations, degeneration of lamellar bodies and microvillar atrophy. In conclusion, gasoline vapour inhalation induced lung tissue injury and cellular damage concomitant with impairment of the lung antioxidant defense system. These effects were more pronounced with the unleaded than with the leaded gasoline.

1. Gasoline induced pulmo- oxidative damage in mice model.
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Vol.2 No.1 -3 : Studies on the antibacterial effect of probiotics and prebiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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By : Shaaban,M.T1., Hussien ,M.Z2., Allam N.G.3, Moustafa H.H.1

Abstract

The influences of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidus and Streptococcus thermophiles ( probiotics mixture) were studied against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The ethanolic precipitate of the probiotics mixture revealed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and assayed qualitatively by GC-Mass spectrum as it partially identified as carbohydrate substances, Antimicrobial activities of the used probiotics and prebiotics against S. aureus were studied in vitro referring to commercial used antibiotics, To investigate the protective efficiency of probiotics mixture and their prebiotics against S. aureus infection in mice, acomparative studies have been conducted and the success of treatment or prevention had been measured through detection of Liver enzymes (Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanin transaminase (ALT) , bacterial colony count in target organs (liver and lung ), histological changes occurred in liver and intestine and immunoglobulin IgM titer.In conclusion it could be concluded that the mixed culture of probiotic strains could increase the protective effects against S. aureus infection.

3. Studies on the antibacterial effect of probiotics and prebiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Vol.2 No.1 -4 : Ameliorating effect of propolis and moringa extract against equigan induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress on rat hippocampus.

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By : Ehab Tousson, Ezar Hafez, Ahmed Massoud and Ahmed A. Elfeky

Abstract

In most countries worldwide, Equigan is anabolic steroid that is forbidden for human uses or for meat production. The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorating role of Propolis and moringa leaf extract (MLE) against Equigan induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress on rat hippocampus. A total of 48 healthy male albino rats weighing 170-200 g and of 10-12 weeks age were divided into 6 groups (8 animals each). 1st Control group includes animals that injected intramuscularly with olive oil for 12 weeks. 2nd and 3rd groups were rats received Propolis and MLE respectively. 4th experimental group include animals that receive intramuscular injections of Equigan for 12 weeks; 5th and 6th groups where rats intramuscular injected with Equigan and treated with Propolis and MLE at the same time respectively. The obtained results indicate that hippocampal nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and total protein were significantly increased in Equigan group when compared with control group. In contrast hippocampal catalase, SOD and total thiol levels were significantly decreased in Equigan group when compared with control group. On the other hand hippocampal NO, MDA, ACE and total protein in Equigan group were significantly increased when compared with co-treated Equigan with MLE or Propolis groups. In contrast; hippocampal catalase, SOD and total thiol levels were significantly decreased in Equigan group when compared with co-treated Equigan with MLE or propolis groups. We can concluded that; MLE and propolis extract ameliorate the neurotoxicity and oxidative stress on rat hippocampus induces by Equigan.

4. Ameliorating effect of propolis and moringa extract against equigan induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress on rat hippocampus.
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Vol.2 No.1 -5 : Comparative Study of Thermal Lens Effect in End Pulsed-Pumped Ceramics and Single Crystal Yb3+ YAG- Cr4+ YAG Passively Q-switched Microchip Laser.

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By : Y. S. Nada1, S. M. A. Maize2

Abstract

In this work, different thermal lens focal lengths with different pumping repetition rates for ceramic and single crystal Yb:YAGare calculated for controlling the thermal focal length without using additional optical elements . The effect of pumping energy and pump beam diameter on the thermal focal length is studied. Finally, the stability of the cavity is investigated via ABCD matrix method.

5. Comparative Study of Thermal Lens Effect in End Pulsed-Pumped Ceramics and Single Crystal Yb3+ YAG- Cr4+ YAG Passively Q-switched Microchip Laser.
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Vol.2 No.1 – 6 : Evaluation of the sterility condition of commonly used eye drops present in the Egyptian pharmacies.

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By : Abo Elnasr, A.A.1, Manal M. Girges 2, Yasmin M. El Saba,1 Islam A. Mohalhal 2, , Aya G. Awad2

Abstract

Fourty samples of commonly used eye drops were collected from The Egyptian Pharmacies and divided into 2 groups: group A (with antimicrobial activity) and group B (without antimicrobial activity), the two groups cultured on blood agar medium and Sabouraud agar medium two times after opening these samples in open air, 9 samples showed microbial growth. The number of colonies counted and the organisms isolated and identified as (Staphylococcus auereus, Micrococcus, Candida albicans, and coagulase negative Staphylococcus). After that group (A) samples were taken and inoculated with saline containing Candida albicans and Staphylococcus auereus then they cultured on the same two media, after the period of incubation Candida show growth in all samples while Staphylococcus auereus show positive growth in four samples.

6. Evaluation of the sterility condition of commonly used eye drops present in the Egyptian pharmacies.
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