Vol.2 No.3 -2 : Effect of experimental phenylketonuria on some organs of pregnant mothers of albino rats and their young’s during perinatal life.

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By : Hassan. I. Elsayyad1, Hany .A .Hefny2 Mahmoud .E. Mohallal3and Hala . M. Ebied3

Abstract

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that is characterized by an inability of the body to utilize the essential amino acid, phenylalanine.It results from a deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase, the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Although this inborn error of metabolism was among the first in humans to be understood biochemically and genetically, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the pathology of PKU during neonatal brain development. Elevated concentrations of plasma phenylalanine were induced in pregnant rats by oral administration of 50 mg/100 g body weight alpha-methylphenylalanine (to inhibit maternal liver phenylalanine hydroxylase) plus phenylalanine supplementation) at a dosage of 60 mg/100 g body weight two times daily (to increase maternal and fetal plasma phenylalanine) after 6th day of onset of gestation till 14 & 16 days of gestation as well as at parturition. Treatment with alpha-methylphenylalanine/phenylalanine resulted in significant decrease of accumulated body weight gain during pregnancy as well as exhibited marked growth retardation of prenatal feti and delivered newborn. Histological examination of maternal tissues including liver, heart, kidney & thyroid gland revealed varieties of histopathological abnormalities which illustrated and discussed. These results suggested that exposure of the fetus to high plasma concentrations of phenylalanine caused a delay in the biochemical maturation

2. Effect of experimental phenylketonuria on some organs of pregnant mothers of albino rats and their young's during perinatal life.
Download Issue

Vol.2 No.3 -3 : Adverse effects of monosodium glutamate on the reproductive organs of adult Female albino rats and the possible ameliorated role of carob (Ceratonia Siliqua).

/2 Comments/in , , /by

By : Abd El-Fattah B. M. El-Beltagy1, Heba Attef Elghaweet2

Abstract

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a sodium salt of glutamic acid that enhances the flavor of certain foods. It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of anovulatory infertility. This study was carried out to evaluate the histological, histochemical as well as immunohistochemical effects of MSG on the ovaries, uterus and vagina of adult female Wistar rats and the possible ameliorative role of carob (Ceratonia Siliqua). In the present work, twenty- four Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6): Control group received 0.5ml saline solution, carob-group, feeding on diet containing 5% carob powder, MSG- treated group received 400 mg/kg b.wt and ameliorative group received MSG 400mg/kg b.wt simultaneously with feeding on diet containing 5% carob powder. In MSG treated rats, the serum estrogen level was significantly decreased. The histopathological results showed ovarian atretic follicles, fragmented oocyte, vascular congestion, and vacuolated stroma. The uterus exhibited a comparative reduction in the endometrial thickness and loss of endometrial glands associated with cellular hyperplasia and reduced vacuolated cells. In MSG treated group, the vaginal epithelium appeared relatively thin, folded and hypertrophied with sign of cornification. Histochemically, a weak reaction for PAS stain was remarked in investigated sections of MSG- treated rats. On the other side, an intense positive reaction for silver stain was recorded in the ovarian stroma and peripheral layers of atretic follicles as well as spreading in endometrium of uterus and lumina sheath of vagina. Immunohistochemically, MSG-treated group exhibited intense positive reaction for CD31and CD68 and activated caspase3 compared to carob-ameliorated MSG and the control. The authors concluded that, feeding of MSG-treated group on diet containing 5% carob powder led to marked amelioration of histopathological lesions induced in ovaries, uterus and vagina by MSG attributed to the biological benefits of its phytochemical components.

3. Adverse effects of monosodium glutamate on the reproductive organs of adult Female albino rats and the possible ameliorated role of carob (Ceratonia Siliqua).
Download Issue

Vol.2 No.3 -4 : Ameliorative effect of ginger extract against pathological alterations induced in mice bearing solid tumors.

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By : Osama M. Badr1, Saber A. Sakr2, Hala M. Abd-Eltawab1

Abstract

This study was prepared to explore the effect of ginger extract in defeating the Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) injected subcutaneously in mice and induced solid tumour. After the solid tumour formation; the mice were classified into four groups (control, tumour untreated, ginger and ginger & tumour). Eight mice were grouped separately in each cage. Mice were killed and dissected at the end of this investigation; liver and kidney were removed for histopathological study. The biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, Urea, Creatinine, MDA, SOD and CAT) were measured in the sera of all tested groups. Ginger extract ameliorated the histological structures of both liver and kidney to be near to control, modulated the elevated values of (ALT, AST, Urea, Creatinine and MDA) and reduced values of (SOD and CAT) to record slightly normal readings. Tumour volumes reduced significantly and the destructed genomic DNA retained the normal pattern. Ginger has no pathological effects on control mice.

4. Ameliorative effect of ginger extract against pathological alterations induced in mice bearing solid tumors.
Download Issue

Vol.2 No.3 -5 : The protective effect of Coriandrum sativum L. oil against liver toxicity induced by Ibuprofen in rats.

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By : Hoda H. Baghdadi1,Fatma M.El-Demerdash2,Eman H. Radwan3, Sodfa Hussein4

Abstract

Ibuprofen (IBU) is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugused in the treatment of pain, fever and in inflammation.Coriandrum sativum is cultivated for its aromatic and medicinal uses. The present study aims to evaluatethe protective effect of Coriandrum sativum volatile oil on hepatotoxicityof IBU in rats. Five groups of albino rats were used.Group l(control),groupll (C.sativum oil,40 mg/kg B.W. for 14 day), group lll (IBU group,100mg/kg bodyweight B.W., for 14 day), group lV (IBU+ C.sativum oil) and groupV (recovery group).The activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in the liver of different groups addition to the histological examination of the sections of liver. The results showed that IBU caused a significant decrease in the activity of ALT and AST in the liver. The histological examination of the liver showed many pathological changes. Administration of coriander volatile oilin the combination with IBU was able to significantly increase the activity of both AST and ALT, in the liver and caused a significant decrease in the deleterious effect induced by IBU. The present results confirm that the antioxidant activity of volatile oil of the Coriandrum sativum L., against hepatotoxicity of IBU.

5. The protective effect of Coriandrum sativum L. oil against liver toxicity induced by Ibuprofen in rats.
Download Issue

Vol.2 No.3 -6 : Teratogenicity of sodium fluoride on newly born rats.

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By : Abdelalim A. Gadallah1,2

Abstract

Fluoride (F) is widely used to sterile drinking water against bacterial infection as well as for normal cleaning of teeth. Although intake of low doses of fluoride is required to prevent dental caries, increased uptake for long time injured bone and soft tissues causes fluorosis (Susheela, 1999). The present study aims to illustrate the teratogenicity and histopathological alterations of fluoride in maternal liver, kidney and thyroid glands. Twenty virgin female and male albino rats of Wistar strain at ratio of 2 female/ 1male were kept under good ventilation with controlled conditions and excess food and water were supplied ad libitum. Pregnant rats were arranged into two groups (n= 6) including, control and fluoride-intoxicated group. Body weight, size and crown rump length of newly born rats were determined. The offspring 1-day old were sacrificed by light anesthesia with diethyl ether and immediately fixed in 10% formal saline. Alizarin red S preparation of both control, and experimental groups were made and the incidences of deformed bones were recorded. Histological preparations of maternal liver, kidney and thyroid glands were made and examined under bright field light microscopy. Experimental group exhibited disruption of the normal integrity of hepatic lobules with prominent centrilobular necrosis and dilatation of blood sinusoids. Perivascular leukocytic cell infiltration was remarked with bile duct obliteration. Also, peritubular inflammatory cellular infiltration associated with degeneration of renal tubular lining epithelial cells and reduction of their tubular lumina were also detected. Degeneration of the thyroid follicles with marked reduction and vacuolation of colloid. Few numbers of the thyroid follicles exhibited exfoliation of their lining cells within their follicular lumina. Inter-follicular hemorrhage and congested blood vessels were remarked. Fluoride-intoxication showed abortion of one /6 mothers. There were numerical decreases of offspring of fluoride-intoxicated mother . Increase average of congenital malformations was observed.

6. Teratogenicity of sodium fluoride on newly born rats.
Download Issue

Vol.2 No.3 -7 : Hematotoxicity of diazinon pesticide at different time intervals in male albino rats.

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By : Faten R. Abdel Ghaffar; Hany M. Ibrahim; Imam A. Hassouna; Ibrahim A. Elelaimy and Heba M. Abd El latif.

Abstract

Diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide has been used in agriculture for several years. The aim of the present study was to analyze the hematotoxic effects of diazinon (DZN) at different time intervals (10, 20 and 30 days) on adult male albino rats. The changes in some hematological parameters; RBCs count, Hb content, Ht%, RBCs indices, total and differential count of WBCs, Platelets count, PT, APTT and bleeding time; were investigated. The antioxidant system in RBCs membrane; GSH, GST, GR, GPx, CAT and SOD; as well as LPO, as oxidative stress marker, were estimated. The current study showed that; DZN (14.88 mg/kg b.w.) at different time intervals resulted in decline in RBCs count, Hb content, Ht value, total WBCs count, platelets count, and relative lymphocytes and monocytes counts when compared with their control groups. On the other side, DZN caused increase in MCV, MCH, relative granulocytes count, bleeding time, PT and APTT. Furthermore, DZN decreased the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes (GST, GR, GPx, CAT and SOD) and GSH level. On the other hand, DZN caused increase in LPO. Generally, these all changes were directly proportional to the development of intoxication time. So, the current research concludes that DZN has hematotoxic effects which appeared in time-dependent manner.

7. Hematotoxicity of diazinon pesticide at different time intervals in male albino rats.
Download Issue

Vol.2 No.3 -8 : Light and electron microscopic observations on the development and structure of the inner ear in the brown-spotted grouper Epinephelus chlorostigma (Serranidae, Teleostei).

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By : Mostafa A. Salem

Abstract

The development and structure of the inner ear were studied in the brown-spotted grouper Epinephelus chlorostigma, using light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy indicated: 1) The auditory or otic placode first appeared at 18 hours after fertilization (hatching time). It excavates forming a small sac called otic vesicle at 20 hours after fertilization. 2) At 24 hours (one day) after fertilization, the vesicle enlarged in size having a wide cavity with thin walls. 3) At two days after fertilization, the anterior and posterior semicircular canals seemed to be the first formed , while, the horizontal canal, the utricular and saccular cavities are differentiated at four days after fertilization. 4) At six days after fertilization, the saccular macula covered by an elongated otolith and the neuromasts of the ampulla in the semicircular canals are well established. 5) The crista ampullaris in the semicircular canals and the sensory regions in the utricular and saccular maculae become well visible and differentiated at nine days after fertilization. It was suggested that the hearing mechanism in the E. chlorostigma may be established early compared with other fishes. Electron microscopy on the sensory areas of the inner ear revealed: 1) The saccular macula contained two types of hair ciliary bundles; type C1 bundles characterized by short graded stereovilli and kinocilium that was approximately three times longer than the largest stereovillus and type C2 bundles consisted of a series of long graded stereovilli and a kinocilium that was no more than two times longer than the longest stereovillus. 2) The utricular macula contained type C3 bundles and type C4 ones. The type C3 bundles had a limited number of graded stereovilli and a kinocilium that had the same length of the longest stereovilli or somewhat longer, while the type C4 hair bundles consisted of numerous stereovilli with the same length and without a kinocilium. Three types of connectors (links) between the stereovilli were observed. The different types of ciliary bundles and sites of connectors are possibly of functional importance.

8. Light and electron microscopic observations on the development and structure of the inner ear in the brown-spotted grouper Epinephelus chlorostigma (Serranidae, Teleostei).
Download Issue

Vol.2 No.2 -1 : Effectiveness of nano composite and ceramic in treatment of drinking water.

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By : Mohamed T. Shaaban1, Mahmoud M. Hazaa2, Alshaimaa A. Aglan3

Abstract

Ground water contains some dissolved heavy metals and other elements which are so dangerous matter that all must face and find solutions for it. This study aims to use safe methods for water treatment using nano composite and ceramic particles.TDS (Total Dissolved Salts) with nano composite decreased from (740 to 654) mg/L while with ceramic it decreased from (740 to 538) mg/L. Conductivity decreased from (1195 to 1080) μS/cm in presence of nano composite while with ceramic it was reduced from (1195 to 893) μS/cm. Fe with nano composite reduced from (0.41 to 0.23) mg/L while with ceramic it reduced from (0.41 to 0.11) mg/L and Mn decreased from (1.2 to 0.6) mg/L with nano composite while with ceramic it decreased from (1.2 to 0.12) mg/L. Total hardness with nano composite decreased from (400 to 330) mg/L while with ceramic it decreased from (400 to 250) mg/L. Sulfate increased from (82 to 104) mg/L with nano composite while with ceramic it increased from (82 to 120) mg/L. Phosphate reduced from (0.45 to 0.34) mg/L with nano composite while with ceramic it reduced from (0.45 to 0.15) mg/L. Ammonia with nano composite decreased from (0.8 to 0.5) mg/L while with ceramic it decreased from (0.8 to 0.55) mg/L. Ground water is contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and coliforms. The bacteriological results showed that all the treated sample had no pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio cholera, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae).

1. Effectiveness of nano composite and ceramic in treatment of drinking water.
Download Issue

Vol.2 No.2 -2 : Effect of L-arginine on methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By : Ashour A – S Abdel-Mawla1, Safia M Hassan2, Ekram N Abd Al-Haleem3 and Safeyah Z El-Hangoor4

Abstract

Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used in the treatment of many different types of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Its cytotoxic nature also lends a substantial risk of life-threatening side effects. L-arginine is beneficial in the treatment of hepatic injury, hepatic cirrhosis and fatty liver degeneration. The present work aims to study the effect of L-arginine on hepatotoxicity of methotrexate in albino rats. Five groups of albino rats were used. Group I: control. Group II: rats were administered (MTX) in a daily oral dose of 0.45 mg/kg, for 28 days. Group III: rats were administered L-arginine in a daily oral dose of 300 mg/kg, for 28 days. Group IV: rats were received L- arginine 2 hrs before (MTX). Group V: rats were received L-arginine 2 hrs after (MTX). The results revealed different histopathological changes in liver of MTX-treated rats such as focal areas of necrosis and increased numbers of activated Kupffer cells, an apparent increase in the amount of collagen fibers and strong immunoreactive expression of α- SMA. Biochemical results revealed a significant increase in the serum levels of ALT, AST, bilirubin and decreasing the level of antioxidant enzymes. L-agrinine minimized the hepatotoxicity of MTX by decreasing the level of ALT, AST and bilirubin, MDA and increasing the antioxidant enzymes. It is concluded that L-arginine protects liver from hepatotoxicity of methotrexate and this due to its antioxidant activity.

2. Effect of L-arginine on methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.
Download Issue

Vol.2 No.2 -3 : Ameliorating effect of propolis extract against equigan induced.

/0 Comments/in , , /by

By : Ahmed Massouda, Ehab Toussona, Nahla Zedanb and Ali E. Abd elwahaba

Abstract

Equigan is an androgenic steroid that improves the growth and food conversion in meat producing animals. The present study was performed to determine the ameliorating effect of propolis in the toxicity of the rat testes induced with Equigan. Fourty male albino rat were divided into four groups (10 animals each); the control group includes animals that injected intramuscularly with olive oil. The second group includes rats received propolis. The third group is the experimental group included animals that received intramuscular injections of Equigan. The last group was co-administrated group where rats received Equigan along with propolis. The results suggest that misuse of growth promoter Equigan may contribute to continuous damage of the testicular function and structure that shown a significant increase in nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in Equigan group when compared to the control group, these results decrease in co-administrated Equigan with propolis. On the other hand a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, Glutathione (GSH) and total thiol in Equigan group when compared with control group, and a significant increase in co-administrated Equigan with propolis. It was concluded that; propolis has ameliorating role on the biochemical alterations in Equigan induced testicular toxicity in male rat.

3. Ameliorating effect of propolis extract against equigan induced.
Download Issue