Vol.8 No.3 – 11:Interference between miR-21/PTEN/E-Cadherin and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Various Stages of Chronic HCV Infection

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By: Yasser B.M. Ali1, Mohamed G.Thabet1, Abeer M. El-Maghraby1, Asmaa Gomaa2, Omaima A. Khamiss3, Roba M. Talaat1

1Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt.

2Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Live Institute (NLI), Menufyia University, Shebeen-Elkom, Egypt

3Animal Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt

Abstract:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major complication associated with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical in HCC invasion and metastasis. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to HCV-related HCC. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between miR-21, phosphatase, tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), and E-Cadherin with a flashlight on their role in the EMT process in HCV infection at different stages. One hundred HCV-infected patients were studied, 75 had HCV-induced cirrhosis (classified into Child A, B, and C), and 25 had HCC. In parallel, 45 healthy volunteers were considered normal controls. Circulating miR-21was detected by quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT–PCR).PTEN and E-cadherin serum levels were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A significant elevation in miR-21 was observed in HCC patients compared with control ones(P˂0.01). HCC patients had the lowest E-cadherins and PTEN (P<0.01) compared with cirrhotic and normal subjects. In HCC patients, PTEN was positively correlated with E-cadherin (r= 0.501; p<0.01).  On the other hand, a negative correlation between miR-21 and both E-cadherins (r= -0.455; p<0.01) and PTEN (r= -0.255; p<0.05) was observed. Accordingly, up-regulation of miR-21 in the tumor is an important step in HCV-positive cirrhotic hepatocarcinogenesis and might result in concomitant down-regulation of PTEN and E-cadherin in favor of tumor promotion. Our data might be the first study that correlates miR-21, PTEN, and E-cadherin in different stages of HCV infection (from cirrhosis to HCC).

Interference-between-miR-21PTENE-Cadherin-and-Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition-in-Various-Stages-of-Chronic-HCV-Infection

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Vol.8 No.3 – 10:Effect of calcium hypochlorite as a source of hypochlorous acid in ameliorating cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary and cardiac injury in mice

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By: Maher M. Akla, Entsar A. Nazmyb, Omar A. El-Khoulyc*

a Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.

b Critical Care and Emergency Department, Kafr ElSheikh Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt

c Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, Egypt

Abstract:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is recognized to be accompanied by severe lung and heart complications. This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of Calcium hypochlorite in cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced pulmonary and cardiac injury in mice. The CP-induced toxicity in the lung and heart is like that caused by ARDS. Calcium hypochlorite significantly attenuated doth lung and heart functionality and significantly reduced the CP-induced perivascular inflammation, congestion of blood vessels, and severe morphological changes of the alveolar wall. It also exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on CP-induced pulmonary and heart toxicity. Given these results, calcium hypochlorite successfully ameliorates ARDS symptoms rendering calcium hypochlorite to be a promising agent to be tested in models of pneumonia caused by bacterial or viral infections, including those of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Effect-of-calcium-hypochlorite-as-a-source-of-hypochlorous-acid-in-ameliorating-cyclophosphamide-induced-pulmonary-and-cardiac-injury-in-mice-1

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Vol.8 No.3 – 9:Diagnostic performances of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and type IV collagen for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients

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By: Mohamed M. Omran1,* Anhar F. Elmetwaly2, Tarek M. Emran3, Ahmed A. Eldeeb4, Arafa A. Belal2, Faten Z. Mohamed 5

1 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt

3 Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt

4Nephrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

5 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt

Abstract

 Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It’s also called diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In the United States, about 1 in 3 people with diabetes have diabetic nephropathy. This necessitates identifying better biomarkers that diagnose diabetic nephropathy. The study aimed to evaluate tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and type IV collagen as potential biomarkers for the detection of diabetic nephropathy and its progression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A total of 88 subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were classified into three ‎major groups; diabetics with DKD group (n=50), diabetics without DKD group (n=28), and healthy control group (n=10). TNFα and type IV collagen levels were measured in all subjects. The diagnostic value of single and combined TNFα and type IV collagen was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC). Results: For discrimination between diabetics with DKD from healthy individuals, the most efficient marker was TNF-α (AUC= 0.81, 70% sensitivity, and 70% specificity. For discriminant between DM patients with DKD from DM patients without DKD, the most efficient marker was type IV collagen (AUC= 0.77, 69% sensitivity, and 73% specificity. Interestingly, we developed a new index for differentiating between DM and DM-DKD based on two blood markers (TNF-α and type IV collagen). The AUC of the developed index was 0.93; 0.79 for discriminated DM with DKD from DM without DKD. The AUC of the developed index was 0.90 for discriminated early DKD from healthy individuals. Also, The AUC of the developed index was 0.83 for discrimination early from late DKD among DM patients.

 Conclusions:  TNFα and type IV collagen may be potentially useful for early detection and to discriminate diabetics with DKD from DM without DKD.

Diagnostic-performances-of-tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha-and-type-IV-collagen-for-diabetic-nephropathy-in-type-2-diabetic-patients.pdf

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Vol.8 No.3 – 8:Hematological and biochemical changes associated with water-pipe (Shisha)smoking for some volunteers in Missan province

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By: Anas, S. Abuali

Biology Department / Basic Education College / Missan University, Iraq

Abstract

    Aim of the study: Clinical and experimental studies detected that waterpipe smoking is more harmful than a cigarette with can induce oxidative stress and inflammation. The current study was performed to investigate the effect of water pipe smoking on hematological parameters and evaluation the biochemical parameters including a lipid profile, live function enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and blood glucose.

Method: The study was performed on (150) volunteers who agreed to participate in this study divided into water pipe smokers and nonsmokers aged between (20-60) years. Five (5ml) of venous blood samples were collected, each blood sample was separated into two tubes, the first tube with EDTA for hematological assessment and the second was centrifugation and the serum was stored in a -20°C freezer till handled for biochemical analysis for determining lipid profile, liver function enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and blood glucose. Complete blood picture for collecting blood samples was performed by automatic methods (System X kx-21n automated hematology analyzer; JAPAN CARE CO., LTD) including hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), Platelets and Haematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV). Biochemical tests and lipid profile analysis were performed in laboratories of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital in Amarha City according to the standard methods described in the Analysis Kits used in this study were products of Spanish Company Spinreact.

The results: The results observed that the water pipe smokers were in ages between 31-40 years with a percentage of 43%, followed by the aged 20-30 years with a percentage of 25%. Hematological analysis for the blood samples collected from water pipe smokers and non-smoking (control) observed a significant increase in RBCs, WBCs, HCT, Hb, and Plt in water pipe smokers as compared with the non-smoker group in (p<0.05). Lipid profile values observed a significant increase in the total cholesterol levels, (LDL), vLDL) and Triglyceride with a significant decrease in HDL (P>0.05) in water pipe smokers as compared with the non-smoker group. Significant increase in the levels of AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme, also the creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and blood glucose observed a significant increase in(P>0.05) as compared with non-smokers. On other hand, there was a significant decrease in total proteins in water pipe smokers.

Conclusions: Water pipe smoking caused abnormal changes in complete blood picture (CBC) and serum lipids such as the total cholesterol and Triglyceride levels. Also harmed the liver functions and kidney functions.

Hematological-and-biochemical-changes-associated-with-water-pipe-Shishasmoking-for-some-volunteers-in-Missan-province

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